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为了解壳聚糖和益生菌刺激和增强免疫应答的可能作用,本试验在基础饲料中添加0.2%、0.5%、1.0%的壳聚糖,0.1%、0.2%、0.4%的益生菌,甘露聚糖与益生菌混合物,壳聚糖与益生菌的混合物,在室内水泥池中喂养暗纹东方鲀(3.15±0.05)g 2个月,根据抗菌活力筛选出免疫增强饲料组(0.2%壳聚糖,0.1%、益生菌,甘露聚糖与益生菌混合物,壳聚糖与益生菌混合物)测定免疫功能。结果表明,甘露聚糖与益生菌混合物仅提高头肾T淋巴细胞转化,壳聚糖与益生菌混合物显著增强头肾T、B淋巴细胞转化和脾脏B淋巴细胞体外培养时分泌的IgM。筛选出的四种免疫增强饲料均能使头肾B淋巴细胞体外培养时分泌的IgM显著增加。无论是脾脏B淋巴细胞还是头肾B淋巴细胞,体外培养时所分泌的IFN-α都不同程度地受抑制。 相似文献
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玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对暗纹东方鲀溶菌酶活性及c型溶菌酶mRNA表达的影响 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
以初重为(41.26±1.09)g的暗纹东方鲀为实验鱼,配制5种玉米蛋白粉使用量为0%、5%、10%、15%、20%的实验饲料,玉米蛋白粉对饲料中鱼粉的替代水平分别为0%、7.4%、14.8%、22.2%和29.6%。用实验饲料饲养暗纹东方鲀60d,研究玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对暗纹东方鲀肝胰脏、头肾和脾脏组织的溶菌酶活性及其c-型溶菌酶mRNA相对表达量的影响。结果表明,(1)暗纹东方鲀肝胰脏、头肾和脾脏的溶菌酶比活力分别为9.14、42.12和40.49U/mgprot,头肾和脾脏组织中c-型溶菌酶mRNA相对表达量分别是肝胰脏的3.76和3.24倍。(2)玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉显著影响暗纹东方鲀溶菌酶比活力。5%和10%组的肝胰脏和头肾组织溶菌酶比活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而15%和20%组肝胰脏和头肾组织溶菌酶比活力则显著低于对照组(P<0.05);5%和10%组的脾脏组织溶菌酶活力与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05),而15%和20%组显著低于对照组和5%组(P<0.05)。(3)玉米蛋白粉对暗纹东方鲀c型溶菌酶基因mRNA相对表达量有显著影响(P<0.05)。肝胰脏组织中5%和10%组表达量显著高... 相似文献
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壳聚糖和益生菌对异育银鲫非特异免疫功能及血清甲状腺激素、皮质醇水平的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为探讨壳聚糖和益生菌是否通过甲状腺激素、皮质醇对异育银鲫的非特异免疫功能的进行调控,试验以基础饲料为对照,在基础饲料中分别添加0.50%壳聚糖A、0.50%壳聚糖B、0.20%益生菌以及0.50%壳聚糖A与0.05%益生菌的混合物制备试验饲料,饲养异育银鲫64d后,测定各组鱼外周血白细胞数量及其分类、白细胞吞噬活性、脾脏溶菌酶活性、脾脏淋巴细胞转化能力;同时采用放射免疫分析法测定异育银鲫血清中三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)及皮质醇含量。结果表明,饲料中添加壳聚糖、益生菌或其混合物对异育银鲫白细胞总数无显著影响,但是可显著提高异育银鲫外周血淋巴细胞数量、白细胞吞噬活性和脾脏溶菌酶活性(P<0.05),显著降低外周血多形核细胞数量(P<0.05)。除了壳聚糖A能够显著提高异育银鲫脾脏B淋巴细胞转化能力之外,其余试验组的脾脏T、B淋巴细胞转化能力均与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。同时发现饲料中添加壳聚糖、益生菌或其混合物可以显著提高异育银鲫血清中T3的含量(P<0.05)、显著降低异育银鲫血清中皮质醇的含量(P<0.05),除了壳聚糖B对异育银鲫血清中T4的含量无显著影响(P>0.05)之外,其余均可... 相似文献
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壳聚糖通过甲状腺激素对草鱼免疫功能的调节 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以初始体质量为（1.04±0.01）g的草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idella）为对象,在探讨内分泌激素—甲状腺激素对草鱼免疫功能影响的基础上,研究壳聚糖对草鱼免疫功能的内分泌调控。实验分别制作含甲状腺激素饲料（在基础饲料中分别添加0mg/kg、1mg/kg、5mg/kg、10mg/kg饲料的甲状腺激素）和含壳聚糖饲料（在基础饲料中分别添加0、0.25%、0.50%、0.75%、1.00%的壳聚糖）,在循环水族箱中饲养草鱼70d。实验结束后测定试验鱼血清中的甲状腺激素（T3和T4）含量和非特异性免疫功能。结果表明,饲料中添加甲状腺激素对草鱼血清中甲状腺激素含量和非特异性免疫功能（头肾和脾脏溶菌酶活性、头肾NO含量）有显著影响（P〈0.05）,且两者变化趋势相似。故认为甲状腺激素能够调控草鱼的非特异性免疫功能。壳聚糖对草鱼血清中甲状腺素含量和非特异性免疫功能（吞噬活性、头肾和脾脏溶菌酶活性、头肾NO含量）也有显著影响（P〈0.05）,而且在各实验组有较为相似的变化趋势。综合以上结果认为,壳聚糖可以通过内分泌途径甲状腺激素水平的变化实现对草鱼非特异性免疫功能的调控。鉴于0.50%壳聚糖组具有最强的非特异性免疫功能,认为在本实验条件下,壳聚糖在草鱼饲料中的适宜添加量为0.50%。 相似文献
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在饲料中对自制复合免疫增强剂设计了四个添加剂量(投喂免疫增强剂浓度0‰、投喂免疫增强剂浓度1‰、投喂免疫增强剂浓度2‰、投喂免疫增强剂浓度3‰)分别投喂大菱鲆和血鹦鹉鱼。30d后测定各组试验鱼血清的溶菌酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性和总超氧化物歧化酶活性,并分别进行攻毒试验。结果表明投喂免疫增强剂浓度1‰、2‰的大菱鲆的溶菌酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性和总超氧化物歧化酶活性皆显著高于对照组(P0.05);三个实验组鱼的人工感染死亡率分别为50%、45%和100%,方差分析表明两个实验组皆显著低于对照组(P0.05)。投喂血鹦鹉鱼试验各测定酶指标都是2‰组最高,并且显著高于对照组(P0.05),攻毒试验死亡率投喂投喂免疫增强剂浓度2‰组最低。因此可以证明投喂本复合制剂可以明显提高大菱鲆和血鹦鹉鱼的酶活性及抗应激能力,并且适宜投喂比例为2‰。 相似文献
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在基础饲料中添加0.5%的壳聚糖,采用3种不同的投喂方式(方式A:连续投喂基础饲料,对照组;方式B:连续投喂添加0.5%壳聚糖的饲料,连续组;方式C:先投喂0.5%壳聚糖饲料再投喂基础饲料且每15天间隔投喂,不连续组)饲喂初始体重(19.46±0.04)g的草鱼60d后,对草鱼进行饥饿胁迫处理[各投喂方式分为投喂组(feeding,F)和饥饿组(starvation,S)],以生长、一氧化氮(nitrogenoxide,NO)含量和溶菌酶(lysozyme,LSZ)活性为指标考察壳聚糖不同投喂方式对草鱼抗饥饿胁迫处理的能力。结果显示,(1)连续组和不连续组60d时草鱼增长率和增重率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),15d饥饿处理后也呈现投喂组和饥饿组的增长率和增重率高于对照组的趋势(P>0.05);(2)对照组头肾、肝胰脏NO含量和血清、头肾溶菌酶活性饥饿组显著高于投喂组(P<0.05),连续组除头肾外NO含量和各组织溶菌酶活性饥饿组显著低于投喂组(P<0.05)或与投喂组无显著差异(P>0.05),不连续组除脾脏外NO含量和除肝胰脏外的溶菌酶活性饥饿组显著低于投喂组(P<0.05)或与投喂组无显著差异(P>0... 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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