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1.
HA蛋白位点变异影响H7N9亚型流感病毒特性的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
2013年春，我国首次出现人感染H7N9亚型禽流感疫情，对家禽养殖和公众健康均产生了严重危害，并且在第5波流行期又演变出血凝素（hemagglutinin，HA）蛋白裂解位点处存在插入突变的高致病性禽流感病毒株。HA作为A型流感病毒表面表达丰度最高的糖蛋白，在介导病毒与宿主细胞表面受体的结合、促进病毒囊膜与细胞膜的融合、刺激机体产生中和抗体等方面具有至关重要的作用。本文围绕H7N9病毒，简要综述了HA蛋白的结构与功能，及其关键功能氨基酸位点变异影响病毒生物学特性的研究进展，以期为深入解析HA蛋白在H7N9病毒感染致病中的作用提供重要参考。 相似文献
2.
新城疫是当今全球范围内最严重的禽类传染病之一。其病原新城疫病毒是单股负链RNA病毒,编码NP、P、M、F、HN和L 6种结构蛋白,其中最主要的是位于囊膜上的F和HN两种糖蛋白。F蛋白具有使病毒囊膜与宿主细胞膜融合,致使病毒穿入宿主细胞膜的作用,是决定病毒毒力的关键因子;HN蛋白具有血凝素和神经氨酸酶两种活性,这两种活性对于NDV侵染细胞具有重要的作用。这两种糖蛋白不仅对NDV的毒力及致病性方面起着决定性作用,而且也是诱导产生保护性抗体的蛋白。作者主要对这两种蛋白的结构与功能作一概述。 相似文献
3.
《中国预防兽医学报》2021,(4)
正新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)是在世界范围内严重威胁家禽养殖业的重要病原。NDV属于副黏病毒家族中的代表性成员,是一种具有囊膜的单股、负链RNA病毒。对于副黏病毒来说,病毒囊膜与细胞膜融合,通常能够利用宿主细胞的内吞通路侵入细胞。但近年来研究发现,除了在细胞表面完成膜融合这一经典侵入途径之外,副黏病毒同样能够劫持宿主细胞的内吞通路进入细胞。 相似文献
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《蚕业科学》2017,(2)
病毒入侵是病毒感染宿主细胞的第一步,涉及病毒与宿主细胞受体的结合、膜融合等过程,而这些过程是由病毒的囊膜蛋白所介导。已知昆虫杆状病毒中存在GP64和F 2种不同类型的囊膜蛋白。感染鳞翅目昆虫的核型多角体病毒(NPV)中的GroupⅠ组病毒同时具有F蛋白和GP64蛋白的同源物,但是F蛋白不是膜融合蛋白;GroupⅡ组NPV和颗粒病毒(GV)以及感染双翅目昆虫的病毒仅有F蛋白的同源物,而在感染膜翅目昆虫的病毒中,这2种蛋白质的同源物均不存在。F蛋白又可分为Fa和Fb 2类。在GroupⅡ组NPV中,Fa是出芽型病毒粒子的膜融合蛋白,能介导低p H依赖的膜融合;而在GroupⅠ组NPV中,Fb蛋白的功能目前尚不明确,其膜融合活性被认为在进化历程中被GP64所取代。本文重点综述昆虫杆状病毒囊膜蛋白F的研究进展。 相似文献
6.
鸡传染性支气管炎是一种世界性分布的严重影响养鸡业的高度接触性传染病,其病原是一种最早发现的冠状病毒鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)。IBV入侵细胞的受体是目前IBV研究中的热点之一。已知IBV囊膜上的纤突蛋白(S)是宿主组织和细胞嗜性及致病性的主要决定因素,S蛋白通常断裂为S1和S2两部分,S1与宿主细胞膜上的细胞受体相结合,在S2的作用下病毒囊膜与宿主细胞膜融合,IBV与受体结合之后于中性或微碱性pH时发生构象改变,从而获得病毒进入宿主细胞的能力。对于IBV的受体研究主要集中于IBV可能使用的几种功能性受体,包括氨肽酶N、唾液酸、硫酸乙酰肝素等。 相似文献
7.
《动物医学进展》2021,42(10)
A型流感病毒(IAV)的宿主谱广泛,对人类健康和畜禽养殖均构成严重威胁。神经氨酸酶(neuraminidase, NA)作为IAV囊膜表面主要的糖蛋白之一,在病毒的感染过程中至关重要,是常用的抗病毒药物作用靶点。以往关于NA蛋白的研究主要聚焦于其通过切割宿主细胞表面唾液酸与血凝素(hemagglutinin, HA)之间的α-2,6或α-2,3糖苷键以促进新生病毒粒子释放的功能方面,而近来不断有证据表明,神经氨酸酶蛋白在受体结合和宿主适应性方面同样发挥关键作用。论文综述了神经氨酸酶蛋白的结构特征,并对神经氨酸酶蛋白的酶催化活性、受体结合功能以及与HA蛋白的功能平衡方面进行了总结,以期为深入理解IAV感染的分子机制提供参考。 相似文献
8.
鉴定杆状病毒与宿主昆虫细胞间的互作蛋白,对于进一步研究病毒受体的特性与功能,理解病毒与宿主细胞的相互作用关系具有重要意义。为了阐明苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒(Ac MNPV)出芽型病毒粒子(BV)囊膜蛋白GP64是否与宿主细胞表面蛋白存在互作,利用蛋白酶K消化处理Tn细胞系的细胞膜蛋白,结果表明BV不能感染经300μg/m L蛋白酶K消化处理的Tn细胞,免疫荧光检测BV病毒粒子不能吸附于Tn细胞膜上。利用病毒覆盖蛋白印迹实验(VOPBA)及质谱初步鉴定的结果显示,Tn细胞膜上的翻译控制肿瘤蛋白(TCTP)是与BV囊膜蛋白GP64互作的候选蛋白。 相似文献
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10.
病毒蛋白糖基化较为常见,但糖基化的类型各不相同。病毒的糖基化蛋白具有识别宿主细胞,介导病毒囊膜与宿主细胞融合以及引起病毒免疫逃避现象等多种生物学特性。人类免疫缺陷病毒的GP41与猪呼吸与繁殖综合征病毒GP5蛋白上存在诱骗表位,诱骗表位抑制临近中和表位的识别。GP5蛋白膜外区上非中和表位A表位会降低临近中和表位B表位的免疫原性,使针对B表位中和抗体延缓产生。除了两个表位位置临近外,寡糖链对B表位的遮蔽或许是造成该现象的主要因素。本文就糖基化的类型,病毒糖基化蛋白的生物学特性以及与糖基化作用相关的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GP5蛋白诱骗表位进行了介绍以期阐明糖基化作用与免疫应答现象之间的联系。 相似文献
11.
Mettenleiter TC 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,113(3-4):163-169
Herpes virions are complex particles that consist of more than 30 different virally encoded proteins. The molecular basis of how this complicated structure is assembled is only recently beginning to emerge. After replication in the host cell nucleus viral DNA is incorporated into preformed capsids which leave the nucleus by budding at the inner nuclear membrane resulting in the formation of primary enveloped virions in the perinuclear space. The primary envelope then fuses with the outer leaflet of the nuclear membrane, thereby releasing nucleocapsids into the cytoplasm. Final envelopment including the acquisition of more than 15 tegument and more than 10 envelope (glyco)proteins occurs by budding into Golgi-derived vesicles. Mature virions are released after fusion of the vesicle membrane with the plasma membrane of the cell. Thus, herpesvirus morphogenesis requires a sequence of envelopment--de-envelopment--re-envelopment processes which are distinct not only in the subcellular compartments in which they occur but also in the viral proteins involved. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the complex protein-protein interactions involved in herpesvirus assembly and egress. 相似文献
12.
During and after their synthesis, the envelope proteins of influenza viruses are extensively modified by glycosylation, disulfide-bond formation, oligomerisation and proteolytical cleavage. These modifications have an enormous impact on folding and transport of the proteins to the plasma membrane and are also crucial for the infectivity and pathogenicity of the resulting virus particles. Here we summarize the results of 25 years of research on the linkage of fatty acids to proteins (palmitoylation), a modification we discovered with viral glycoproteins including the influenza virus spike proteins. The fundamental biochemistry of the attachment of fatty acids to the hemagglutinin (HA) and to the ion-channel M2 is described which has been instrumental in revealing similar modifications in cellular proteins. Finally, the functional consequences of palmitoylation for entry of viruses into target cells by HA-mediated membrane fusion and for assembly and release of virus particles from infected cells are discussed. 相似文献
13.
禽白血病病毒（Avian leukosis virus,ALV）入侵宿主细胞的关键是病毒裳膜与宿主细胞膜的融合,AI。V在此过程中采用病毒一宿主细胞膜融合机制,这一机制的关键是病毒与细胞受体结合后跨膜蛋白一系列构象的变化。此外,ALV入侵宿主细胞后会引起严重的免疫抑制,继而引发肿瘤的产生。在对一些与ALV有相同感染机制的病毒的研究中发现,引起免疫抑制的关键区也是跨膜蛋白。因此进一步在分子水平上深入研究跨膜蛋白有助于正确认识病毒侵染的本质,做到更为有效的预防与治疗ALV感染。 相似文献
14.
近年来大量的研究结果表明,甲型流感病毒的非结构蛋白质1(NS1)是在感染病毒期间具有多个辅助功能的毒力因子,为揭示该人畜共患病毒的致病性机理提供重要参考价值。这篇文章综述了该病毒蛋白质一些最新研究进展,包括NS1的合成、结构、亚细胞定位及在病毒复制机制、宿主天然免疫应答或/和适应性免疫应答、细胞信号传导中发挥各种作用。作者重点阐述了NS1-RNA之间和NS1-蛋白质之间的相互作用,因为它们都是上述功能和过程的基础。同时突出不同毒株NS1蛋白可能特有的特性,鉴于此,也讨论了NS1对人和动物甲型流感病毒致病性的某些作用。最后概述NS1可能应用于流感疫苗的研制、新抗病毒药物的研发等。同时比较了乙、丙型流感病毒NS1研究新进展。 相似文献
15.
C J O'Loan W L Curran M S McNulty 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1992,39(6):459-466
The morphology and morphogenesis of five viruses isolated in Great Britain, France and South Africa from turkeys with rhinotracheitis were examined. The five isolates were antigenically related by immunofluorescence and were indistinguishable by negative contrast and thin section electron microscopy. Negative contrast electron microscopy of infected Vero cell cultures revealed ortho- or paramyxovirus-like particles and helical nucleocapsids 14 nm in diameter with a pitch of 6 nm. The viral nature of these structures was confirmed by immuno-gold labelling, using a hyperimmune rabbit antiserum to TRT virus and 15 nm gold-labelled goat anti-rabbit IgG. Ultrastructural changes characteristics of paramyxovirus infection were observed in Vero cell cultures infected with each of the five TRT virus isolates. These alterations, which included areas of localised thickening of plasma membrane, associated cytoplasmic inclusions of nucleocapsids and budding virus particles also labelled specifically following immunogold staining. These observations are in accord with the suggestion that TRT virus is an avian pneumovirus. 相似文献
16.
M Engels M Palatini A E Metzler U Probst U Kihm M Ackermann 《Veterinary microbiology》1992,33(1-4):69-78
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) and caprine herpesvirus 1 (CapHV1) are useful models to study virus-host interactions, as well as pathogenicity and latency, when comparing the outcome of infection in the natural and the foreign hosts. Molecular seroepidemiological analyses revealed that cross-reacting antibodies were mainly induced by glycoprotein gI (gB analogue), by the major capsid protein and by nonstructural proteins, whereas the most virus-specific antibodies were elicited by glycoproteins gIII and gIV. These glycoproteins, especially gIII (gC analogue), might therefore play an important role in the virus-host-interactions. As a basis for further studies, we re-evaluated observations concerning experimental infections with BHV1 and CapHV1 in the natural and the foreign hosts. All parameters indicated that both viruses were able to infect either host, but that the pathogenicity was restricted to the natural host. Latent virus could be reactivated exclusively from cows infected with BHV1. It was possible neither to reactivate BHV1 from goats, nor to reactivate CapHV1 from either species. The experiments indicated that the outcome of infection in the natural and the foreign host is dependent on host and viral factors, whereby gIII is only one important virus component involved. Further investigations in the host and host cell range of BHV1 and CapHV1 will help to clarify the role of factors responsible for virus-host-interactions. 相似文献
17.
Krapez U Steyer AF Slavec B Barlic-Maganja D Dovc A Racnik J Rojs OZ 《Avian diseases》2010,54(3):1075-1080
Fourteen avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1; Newcastle disease) viruses isolated from dead free-living and domestic pigeons in Slovenia between 2000 and 2008 were analyzed by a molecular characterization of a part of the fusion protein gene, which included the region encoding the fusion protein cleavage site. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Slovene pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) viruses do not cluster together but instead are divided into two groups--4bi and 4bii--of sublineage 4b. Nine Slovenian strains were placed in group 4bii. Five other strains clustered together with PPMV-1 from group 4bi. The sequence of the fusion protein cleavage site of all Slovenian strains was typical for pathogenic APMV-1. The 112RRQKRF117 motif was present in the strains from group 4bii, whereas strains from group 4bi displayed the 112GRQKRF117 motif. 相似文献
18.
外泌体（exosome）是通过细胞内多泡体与细胞膜融合产生的纳米级细胞外膜泡,广泛分布在血清、尿液、唾液和其他生物液体中。外泌体作为细胞间通信和遗传物质的重要转移载体,可通过受体介导的相互作用或通过各种生物活性分子（如细胞膜受体、蛋白质、mRNA和miRNA）的转移直接刺激靶细胞,从而发挥其生物学功能。文章主要综述了外泌体内含蛋白质和miRNA的功能及外泌体在临床中的应用。外泌体内蛋白质和miRNA的功能包括生理状态下诱导机体免疫、递呈抗原、参与细胞间信号传导;病理状态下改变肿瘤微环境、促进癌细胞增殖、侵袭、加快血管生成、促进癌症发展;以及某些病毒可将其组分包装、整合到外泌体中来实现细胞间传播,或劫持外泌体,实现免疫逃避。作者主要介绍了其作为肺癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌及结直肠癌等多种癌症早期诊断的生物性标志物,以及作为稳定性高、转运效率高、靶向性强的药物载体在临床中的应用。 相似文献