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草地贪夜蛾是今年新侵入我国的世界性重大农业害虫,主要为害玉米等作物,给我国玉米等粮食作物生产安全带来巨大隐患。为筛选防治草地贪夜蛾的安全高效药剂,设计并开展此试验。试验结果表明15%甲维·茚虫威悬浮剂20mL/667m 2+激健助剂15mL/667m 2、15%甲维·茚虫威悬浮剂20mL/667m 2、6%氯虫苯甲酰胺·阿维菌素悬浮剂50mL/667m 2、10亿孢子/mL甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒悬浮剂100mL/667m 2+3%甲维盐微乳剂25mL/667m 2、3%甲维盐微乳剂50、25mL/667m 2、3%甲维·虱螨脲悬浮剂100mL/667m 2、5%阿维菌素乳油50mL/667m 2、10亿孢子/mL甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒悬浮剂150mL/667m 2均能较好防治玉米草地贪夜蛾,药后7d防效均在79.4%以上,药后14d防效均在80.59%以上,可作为防治玉米草地贪夜蛾的优选应急用药措施。 相似文献
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本文试验了常见的6种生物农药和7种化学农药对草地贪夜蛾的防治效果。结果表明,生物农药25%乙基多杀菌素水分散粒剂防治草地贪夜蛾效果最好,各次药后3d的防效均在93%以上,且田间危害症状也最轻;8 000IU/μL苏云金杆菌悬浮剂、20亿PIB/mL棉铃虫核型多角体病毒悬浮剂、5.7%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐水分散粒剂对草地贪夜蛾也有较好的防治效果;100亿孢子/mL短稳杆菌悬浮剂,80亿孢子/mL金龟子绿僵菌可分散油悬浮剂对草地贪夜蛾基本无效。化学农药35%氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂、6%阿维·氯苯酰悬浮剂、25%甲维·茚虫威水分散粒剂、10%虫螨腈悬浮剂、10%甲维·虫螨腈悬浮剂、12%虱脲·虫螨腈悬浮剂对草地贪夜蛾防效较好,两次施药后3d防效也可达90%以上;20%甲氰菊酯乳油对草地贪夜蛾防效较差,两次施药后3d防效在74%以下。田间虫量大,世代重叠严重时,以上药剂施药7d后必须进行第二次施药,且需连续3次以上才能有效控制草地贪夜蛾为害,否则将造成大量玉米植株死亡。 相似文献
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《中国植保导刊》2021,(9)
为筛选草地贪夜蛾应急防控药剂,选择甲维盐单剂及复配制剂,设置常量和减量施用处理,进行玉米田药效验证。结果表明,药后3、7、10 d,各施药处理均表现出一定的防效,其中,复配剂25%甲维·茚虫威水分散粒剂、5%高氯·甲维盐微乳剂常量处理的防效接近或显著高于甲维盐单剂;12%甲维·氟酰胺微乳剂+激健、6%阿维·氯苯酰悬浮剂+15%茚虫威乳油两减量(较常规用量减少20%)处理在药后3 d防效稍差,药后7 d防效分别升至94.71%、87.07%,药后10 d防效均达到95%以上。各药剂施用10 d后,相应处理区草地贪夜蛾幼虫存量减少,玉米最初受害状大程度得以恢复。 相似文献
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甲维盐·氯虫苯甲酰胺组合物对草地贪夜蛾室内毒力测定及田间防治效果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为筛选出甲维盐与氯虫苯甲酰胺复配防治草地贪夜蛾的最佳配比,采用浸虫法测定了甲维盐、氯虫苯甲酰胺及组合物对草地贪夜蛾的室内毒力,并基于最佳增效配比进行了田间防治效果评价试验。结果表明,甲维盐和氯虫苯甲酰胺复配组合在二者质量比介于2∶8～7∶3范围内表现增效作用,以3∶7时增效作用最大,共毒系数CTC为173。基于该比例加工获得10%甲维盐·氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂,并以此开展田间防治草地贪夜蛾效果评价,结果表明,施药浓度高于有效剂量37.5 g/hm~2时,药后3、14 d对草地贪夜蛾的防效分别达到88%和84%以上,表现出良好的速效性和持效性。甲维盐和氯虫苯甲酰胺以质量比3∶7混配是防治草地贪夜蛾的良好配方。 相似文献
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本试验采用植保无人机和机动喷雾器2种施药器械,开展了甲维·高氟氯水乳剂和苏云金杆菌悬浮剂2种农药对晚播甜糯玉米田草地贪夜蛾的防效试验。结果表明,甲维·高氟氯水乳剂(高效氯氟氰菊酯4%,甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐1%)150 mL/hm2和苏云金杆菌悬浮剂(8 000IU/mL)7 500 mL/hm2对草地贪夜蛾均有防效,且二者持久性都较长。药后3 d,甲维·高氟氯表现出较好的速效性,无人机施药和机动喷雾器施药防效分别为75.09%、79.64%。比较不同施药器械的防效发现,在施药后7 d,同种药剂的机动喷雾器施用的防效高于植保无人机施药防效;但药后10 d,同种药剂采用不同施药械施药的处理田间防效没有显著差异。综合考虑防治效果和环境因素,建议使用植保无人机喷施苏云金杆菌防治玉米田草地贪夜蛾。 相似文献
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草地贪夜蛾在江苏北部早播麦田的发生与防治 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)是我国重要的外来入侵害虫,2019年8月22日于江苏北部东辛农场发现草地贪夜蛾为害玉米,9月26日水稻田间零星见虫,10月22日在早播小麦上初次发现草地贪夜蛾造成危害,小麦被害率达52.60%,百株虫量20.4头。进一步研究发现5.7%甲维盐WG防治草地贪夜蛾药后7 d防效达96.45%,表现较好,可用于麦田草地贪夜蛾的防治。根据当前草地贪夜蛾为害小麦的严峻形势,我们必须加强对麦田草地贪夜蛾的监测与防控。 相似文献
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无人机施药是防治草地贪夜蛾的有效手段。海南是草地贪夜蛾的周年繁殖区,在海南开展飞防试验,筛选适合飞防的杀虫剂、无人机机型及施药时期,并研究施药时间点对防效的影响。结果表明,在草地贪夜蛾周年繁殖区进行2次飞防,防治效果均显著高于人工喷雾处理,且防控成本较低;无人机喷施氯虫苯甲酰胺的防治效果较好,第2次药后7 d防效达94.6%,显著高于茚虫威和甲维盐;在玉米苗期和小喇叭口期施药的效果最佳,药后7 d防效分别为94.3%和91.3%,显著高于大喇叭口期或抽雄期施药;在海南省东方市开展飞防,早7时或晚7时施药的防效较高。 相似文献
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Christopher D. Keating Lindy M. Holden-Dye Robert J. Walker 《Pest management science》1996,46(3):263-266
The neuropeptide AF2 has a complex set of actions on the dorsal muscle strip of Ascaris suum, including a potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. Caffeine at 100 μm and 5 mm inhibited this potentiation, as did 100 μm theophylline in two out of six studies. The cyclic-AMP-potentiating compounds IBMX, dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin had no effect on the AF2-induced potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. These preliminary data suggest that the potentiating action of AF2 is not mediated by a cAMP pathway. 相似文献
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Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere. 相似文献
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棉花黄萎病菌致病型的AFLP分析 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
选用41个棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)代表菌系,在温室条件下,对4个棉花品种鄂荆1号(感)、中棉所12(耐)、文-5(抗)和唐棉2号(抗)进行致病性测定,结果可将供试菌系分为落叶型与非落叶型2类。选取8对AFLP引物PCR扩增的结果中,统计带型稳定、清晰且有多态性的条带,共169条作系统聚类分析,将上述菌系分为2大类,第一类为非落叶型菌系,包括10个非落叶型菌系和1个过渡菌系;第二类为30个落叶型菌系。根据聚类分析建立树状图,发现菌系与地理来源存在一定的相关性,而依据菌系致病力强弱分类则相关关系不大。选用25对EcoRⅠ和MseⅠ引物组合,对供试的41个V.dahliae进行AFLP扩增,筛选到2对引物E64(GACTGCGTACCAATTCGAC)、M53(GATGAGTCCTGAGTAACCG)和E49(GACTGCGTACCAATTCCAG)、M65(GAT-GAGTCCTGAGTAAGAG),能分别扩增出433bp和110bp2条仅为V.dahliae非落叶型菌系独有的特异片段,可将落叶型与非落叶型菌系分开,这2条特异片段被命名为EM433和EM110。 相似文献
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The mode of action of the 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazoline acaricide/insecticide etoxazole has been argued to be moulting inhibition, but experimental results supporting this hypothesis are lacking. This study investigated the effect of etoxazole on chitin biosynthesis in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Etoxazole induced moulting defects in fall armyworm larvae similar, if not identical, to those caused by benzoylphenylureas, a well-known class of insecticidal chitin biosynthesis inhibitors. Furthermore, in contrast to untreated larvae, the chitin content in the integuments of larvae several days after treatment did not differ from that in freshly ecdysed individuals, thus suggesting strong chitin biosynthesis inhibition in vivo. A more detailed investigation of the inhibitory potential by incubating cultured integument pieces from larvae of S. frugiperda with [14C]N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, a radiolabelled chitin precursor, revealed I50 values of 2.95 and 0.071 microM for etoxazole and triflumuron respectively. The incorporation of radiolabel into potassium hydroxide-resistant material was inhibited by etoxazole in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these results, it is concluded that the acaricidal and insecticidal mode of action of etoxazole is chitin biosynthesis inhibition. 相似文献
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为了研究青稞种子外部和内部携带真菌情况,比较不同杀菌剂对青稞种子的带菌消毒效果和对幼苗生长的影响,为青稞种子播前包衣处理和种传真菌病害防控提供依据,采用离体平皿法对云南迪庆‘云青1号’、‘云青2号’和‘短白青稞’3个主栽品种进行带菌检测,并对种子进行拌种或浸种处理测定6种杀菌剂对种子消毒效果,分析杀菌剂对种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试青稞种子表面携带的优势菌群为青霉(Penicilliumspp.)、镰刀菌(Fusariumspp.);种子内部寄藏的真菌主要为镰刀菌、核腔菌(Pyrenophoraspp.)、附球菌(Epicoccumspp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)、链格孢(Alternariaspp.)和木霉(Trichoderma spp.)。青稞不同品种的种子表面及内部携带的真菌种类差异较大。致病性测定表明,镰刀菌对种子萌发和幼苗生长影响最大,后期出现幼苗坏死现象。45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP对青稞种子携带真菌均有显著抑制作用和消毒效果,50%福美双WP消毒效果最优,达100%;45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP处理对青稞种子发芽和幼苗生长均无显著影响。 相似文献
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调查了甘肃省临洮县为害百合的地下害虫种类, 并以主要发生为害种类为供试对象, 采用拌土法测定了几种生物（源）农药对主要害虫的室内毒力和致死中时。调查发现小云斑鳃金龟Polyphylla gracilicornis、棕色鳃金龟Holotrichia titanis为主要发生及为害种类, 不同时间发生种类存在差异, 9月份以小云斑鳃金龟幼虫发生为害为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的66.16%, 平均种群密度为10.48头/m2, 10月份, 则以棕色鳃金龟幼虫发生为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的96.86%, 平均种群密度为7.79头/m2, 主要取食百合根系和鳞茎, 造成根系数量减少, 鳞茎出现不规则褐色缺口或凹陷斑。药剂筛选结果表明, 1.8%阿维菌素乳油、200亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌粉剂对两种蛴螬均具有较高的杀虫活性和速效性, 药后7 d时, 校正死亡率在82.22%以上, 对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫和棕色鳃金龟幼虫的LC50分别为0.161、0.060 mg/g和5.558×107、0.362×107孢子/g, LT50分别为2.237 d（2.2 mg/g）、1.393 d（2.2 mg/g）和6.645 d（40.0×107孢子/g）、4.940 d（2.0×107孢子/g）, 这两种生物（源）农药对两种蛴螬的LC50和LT50值均略大于两种化学农药25%二嗪磷乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油处理的, 且对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性均低于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性, 致死中时则长于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的致死中时。 相似文献
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Sj J. Gerbrandy 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(5):269-276
The variability of dormancy of sclerotia of ten isolates ofSclerotium cepivorum was investigated. Of all isolates tested, the freshly harvested sclerotia were dormant. After drying for 48 hours the sclerotia of six isolates were able to germinate, two isolates stayed dormant and two isolates were infested by hyperparasitic fungi. After storage in soil at 5°C or 20°C, the sclerotia of the different isolates exhibited considerable differences in respect to germination capability, but all isolates showed highest germination after a treatment of 8 weeks at 20°C followed by 8 weeks at 5°C. The sclerotia of all isolates showed an increased capacity to germinate withoutAllium extracts at 10°C after pretreatment at 30°C for 28 days. 相似文献
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Zahida Iqbal Syuntaro Hiradate Akio Noda Sei-Ichi Isojima Yoshiharu Fujii 《Weed Biology and Management》2002,2(2):110-115
The allelopathic potential of buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum ) was investigated. Field study showed that living buckwheat reduced weed biomass compared with plots without buckwheat. Laboratory study revealed that root exudates suppressed root and shoot growth of weeds and reduced weed dry weight. Sequential partitioning of the aqueous ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of buckwheat showed that the chloroform extract caused an 80% reduction in radicle elongation of lettuce seedlings at a concentration of less than 100 p.p.m. Fagomine, 4-piperidone and 2-piperidinemethanol were isolated and identified by 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance from the chloroform extract. These compounds caused a 50% inhibition of radicle elongation in lettuce seedlings at concentrations of less than 100 p.p.m. These results suggest that compounds 1, 2, and 3 might act as allelochemicals and affect the growth or germination of different plant species. 相似文献