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大菱鲆源鳗弧菌耐药表型及耐药基因检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《水产科学》2015,(8)
对分离自大菱鲆、具有不同理化性质的30株致病性鳗弧菌,采用K-B纸片扩散法检测其耐药表型,PCR法检测β-内酰胺类TEM基因、氨基糖苷类ant(3″)-Ⅰ基因、磺胺类Sul1基因和四环素类tet(A)基因,分析其耐药基因与耐药表型间的关系,以查明大菱鲆源致病性鳗弧菌不同类型常见耐药基因的携带状况,并探讨耐药基因与耐药表型的相关性。结果表明:所检30株鳗弧菌均携带TEM、ant(3″)-Ⅰ和Sul1基因,但未检出tet(A)基因;所有菌株均具有多重耐药性,大部分菌株耐抗菌类药物达6~8种;耐药基因的携带与耐药表型间存在一定相关性,但并非完全对应。 相似文献
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《水产科学》2015,(5)
从7起牙鲆迟钝爱德华氏菌感染病例中分离到130株致病菌,每个病例挑选5株共计35株,用K-B纸片扩散法检测其耐药表型;用PCR方法检测!-内酰胺类TEM基因、氨基糖苷类ant(3")-Ⅰ基因、磺胺类Sul3基因和四环素类tet(A)基因,分析耐药基因与耐药表型间的关系,以查明牙鲆源致病性迟钝爱德华氏菌不同类型常见耐药基因的携带状况,探讨耐药基因与耐药表型之间的相关性。结果显示,所检的35株迟钝爱德华氏菌均携带TEM基因和ant(3")-Ⅰ基因,62.9%(22/35)携带Sul3基因,未检出tet(A)基因;所有菌株均具有多重耐药性,大部分菌株耐抗菌类药物达7~9种;耐药基因的携带与耐药表型间存在较密切的相关性,但并非完全对应。 相似文献
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异育银鲫源嗜水气单胞菌对磺胺类耐药性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解异育银鲫源嗜水气单胞菌对磺胺类药物的敏感性和磺胺类耐药基因的携带情况。采用纸片扩散法和微量肉汤稀释法测定了36株受试菌株对常见4种磺胺类药物的敏感性;应用PCR法检测菌株染色体DNA和质粒DNA磺胺类Sul1、Sul2和Sul3耐药基因。试验结果表明,试验菌株对磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺异噁唑、磺胺甲噁唑的耐药率分别为83.34%、72.22%、66.66%、69.45%;36株嗜水气单胞菌的染色体和质粒中均检测到Sul1和Sul2基因,Sul1基因在染色体和质粒中的检出率分别为30.56%和25.64%,Sul2基因在染色体和质粒中的检出率分别为83.33%和91.67%,Sul3基因在染色体和质粒中均未检出。异育银鲫源嗜水气单胞菌对磺胺类药物的耐药性不容乐观,其耐药性与Sul2和Sul1基因有较大相关性。 相似文献
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致病性嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)是近年中国各地大规模流行的淡水养殖鱼类暴发性疾病的主要病原,本研究针对GenBank中登录的致病性嗜水气单胞菌的气溶素基因(hlyA)、溶血素基因(aerA)以及为气单胞菌属所特有的内参照基因16S rRNA保守区设计了3对特异性引物,通过进行多重PCR反应体系优化,多重PCR产物的测序鉴定与特异性和敏感性实验,试图建立一种检测致病性嗜水气单胞菌的多重PCR检测方法。对8株嗜水气单胞菌、16株相关菌株进行多重PCR检测,结果显示,非致病性分离株均未扩增出毒力基因hlyA和aerA,而致病性分离株则至少含有hlyA基因;对40份送检的水产动物样品进行多重PCR检测,结果与常规微生物学检测符合率为97.5%。多重PCR检测方法具有较高的敏感性与特异性,最低可检测模板量为10 ng的样品。该方法的建立对水产动物嗜水气单胞菌病的快速诊断和分子流行病学的调查有重要意义。 相似文献
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采用PCR方法,对分离于发病宽体金线蛭(Whitmania pigra)、中国林蛙(Rana temporaria chensinensis)、牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellua)、青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)的42株致病性嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)进行了外膜蛋白(OMP)基因的检测;将代表菌株的外膜蛋白基因通过DNAStar软件与GenBank中报道的4株嗜水气单胞菌(FJ437030.1、AF183931.1、AF276639.2、CP000462.1)和1株温和气单胞菌(A.sobria,FJ437029.1)参考菌株进行了核苷酸同源性比较分析。结果表明,所检不同来源嗜水气单胞菌的OMP基因携带率为100%;所测代表菌株的OMP基因与参考菌株的同源性在86.0%～99.2%之间。所测得的不同来源嗜水气单胞菌OMP基因的同源性98.3%～100%,其中分离于宽体金线蛭的HTQ010505-1与青鱼的HL060811-4两菌株间同源性高达100%。 相似文献
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耐喹诺酮类药物嗜水气单胞菌的分离鉴定及电镜观察 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究对吉林省内12个水域采集和送检的66尾病鱼进行细菌分离鉴定,共检出46株嗜水气单胞菌疑似株,通过生化试验和PCR扩增气溶素基因aer鉴定法,确定其中22株为嗜水气单胞菌。进一步采用纸片扩散法和双倍稀释法测定嗜水气单胞菌分离株对多种抗生素的耐药性,其中部分菌株存在不同程度的耐药性,22株嗜水气单胞菌中有4株对喹诺酮类药物耐药,并且为交叉耐药。其对喹诺酮类药物的抑菌圈均小于19mm。嗜水气单胞菌耐喹诺酮类药物的检出率为18 2%。将病料中分离的8株嗜水气单胞菌在电镜下观察发现,2株耐药菌表面发现均匀分布的球形结构,而6株敏感菌表面未见此结构。 相似文献
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天津市周边地区养殖凡纳滨对虾肠道菌株的分离鉴定及耐药性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着抗生素在水产养殖业中的普遍应用,细菌耐药性成为环境和食品安全的主要问题。本文旨在通过对天津地区养殖凡纳滨对虾体内细菌的耐药信息进行分析统计,为凡纳滨对虾养殖业的疾病控制和提高水产品安全性提供理论指导。本研究对天津市津南区、汉沽区及西青区等对虾养殖基地取样的凡纳滨对虾进行肠道微生物的分离培养,抗生素药敏实验以及抗生素抗性基因的检测。共获得菌株1 219株,选取其中有代表性的215株菌株进行鉴定,结果显示,所鉴定菌株属于56种不同种属,主要以芽孢杆菌、副溶血性弧菌、葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、席罗弧菌、溶藻弧菌、格氏乳球菌、希瓦氏菌、霍氏肠杆菌、库特氏菌、施氏假单胞菌、荚膜红细菌、液化沙雷氏菌、不动杆菌、假单胞菌、假交替单胞菌及霍乱弧菌等为主。所鉴定菌株的抗生素药敏实验分析结果发现,凡纳滨对虾肠道微生物普遍存在抗生素抗性,其中β-内酰胺类的氨苄西林、糖肽类的杆菌肽、喹诺酮类的罗美沙星和磺胺类的磺胺抗药性最为明显。因此本文进一步对其中耐药种类较多且耐药性较强的82株细菌对四大类抗生素(链霉素类、磺胺类、四环素类和青霉素类)的抗性基因(str A-str B,sul II,sul II,sul III,tet A,tet C,tet G,blao XA-1,bla PSE-1,bla TEM)以及整合子(in T1和in T2)携带情况进行检测。研究结果表明,所检测耐药菌株均携带抗性基因,其中磺胺类抗性基因的检出率最高,可达63%,其次是青霉素类抗性基因,检出率为61.4%,整合子基因平均检出率为42.1%,四环素类相对较少为35.4%,且四环素类只检测出tet A抗性基因,其中67.1%的菌株存在多种耐药基因。 相似文献
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鲫源嗜水气单胞菌毒力基因多重PCR检测及ERIC-PCR分子分型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为快速了解鲫源嗜水气单胞菌株毒力基因携带情况及与菌株基因型的相关性,建立多重PCR法和ERIC-PCR分子分型,为临床快速检测、菌株分型和菌株致病性分析提供依据。通过单重PCR法检测出标准菌株ATCC7966内5个毒力基因气溶素(aerolysin,aer)、溶血素(hemolysin,hly)、细胞毒性肠毒素(cytotoxic enterotoxin,alt)、胞外蛋白酶(extracellular protease,ahp)和细胞肠兴奋性肠毒素(intestinal cells of excitatory enterotoxin,act),其扩增产物长度依次为300 bp、592 bp、442 bp、856 bp和500 bp。在此基础上,优化并建立特异性高,敏感度达7.2×102cfu·m L-1多重PCR法,用于检测从江苏射阳地区患病水产动物体内分离的17株嗜水气单胞菌5个毒力基因携带率。结果显示,毒力基因act的携带率为100%,而80%的菌株5个毒力基因均有检出。采用ERIC-PCR分子分型技术,以标准菌株ATCC7966为对照,对17株鲫源致病性嗜水气单胞菌进行基因分型,获得两种基因型,分别描述为A型和B型,其中B型菌株14株,带型与ATCC7966一致,认为是当地的主要流行株。探究菌株基因型与毒力基因分布相关性,携带5个毒力基因的均为B型菌株,而所有A型菌株存在一或多个毒力基因缺失,有可能是此类菌株更易发生毒力基因漂变,但还需进一步研究。 相似文献
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养殖龟鳖源气单胞菌耐药性与质粒介导喹诺酮类耐药基因分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
为了解养殖龟鳖源气单胞菌的耐药情况及质粒介导的喹诺酮类耐药(PMQR)、喹诺酮类耐药决定区(QRDR)与耐药表型之间的关系;实验采用K-B纸片法测定了1996—2013年从广东地区患病龟鳖分离的67株气单胞菌对23种常见抗菌药物的耐药性,并检测5种PMQR基因qnrA、qnrB、qnrS、qepA和aac(6')-Ib-cr,同时分析PMQR基因阳性菌株染色体上gyrA、parC基因QRDR的突变情况。结果显示,67株气单胞菌对氨苄西林、头孢噻吩和磺胺复合物的耐药率分别高达100%、92.54%和83.58%,对喹诺酮类药物呈现中等耐药,耐药率介于19.40%~64.18%,而对亚胺培南、呋喃妥因、阿米卡星、头孢噻肟敏感性较高,耐药率低于10%;79.10%(53/67)的菌株对3类或以上抗菌药物具有耐药性。19.40%(13/67)的菌株携带PMQR基因,其中,8.96%(6/67)携带qnrS1基因、5.97%(4/67)携带qnrS2基因、7.46%(5/67)携带aac(6')-Ib-cr基因[其中2株同时携带qnrS2和aac(6')-Ib-cr基因]。13株PMQR基因阳性菌株均分别携带1~4个质粒,大小介于0.8~15 kb;其中6株在gyrA基因及parC基因上均发生变异,3株仅在gyrA基因上发生变异,另外4株未发现QRDR的基因突变。研究表明,广东地区龟鳖源气单胞菌对多种抗菌药物耐药并存在多重耐药现象;而且PMQR机制的存在预示着喹诺酮类耐药性很可能会在水产临床上更加快速而广泛地传播,应引起重视。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Qin-Cheng Huang Di‐Gen Qin Bei‐Ping Tan Tao Du Yuan-Zhi Yang Qi-hui Yang Shu‐Yan Chi Xiao-hui Dong 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(2):816-827
A 5 × 3 factorial growth trial was conducted to evaluate optimal dietary protein and lipid levels (dietary protein level, DP; dietary lipid level, DL) for juvenile Sillago sihama (S. sihama) (2.0 ± 0.02 g, initial weight). Fish were fed 15 diets containing 5 DPs (350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g/kg) and 3 DLs (60, 90 and 120 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The interaction between proteins and lipids significantly influenced the feed conversion ratio, condition factor, body composition, antioxidant indices and lipase activity (p < .05). DP 450 g/kg showed the highest average final body weight. DPs 500 and 550 g/kg significantly decreased the protein efficiency ratio (p < .05). DL 120 g/kg showed the highest percentage weight gain. The low feed conversion ratio was found in diets P45L12, P55L9 and P55L12. Diet P45L12 showed high superoxide dismutase activities. DP 450 g/kg showed the lowest average malondialdehyde content. Lipase activity was increased by increasing DP (p < .05) with a fall at DP 550 g/kg. Under the present experimental conditions, the optimal DP for S. sihama was 450 g/kg under the DL 120 g/kg. 相似文献