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正口蹄疫是由口蹄疫病毒引起的传染病,具有急性、热性及高度接触性特点。我国的《一、二、三类动物疫病病种名录》中口蹄疫是一类动物疫病,《国家中长期动物疫病防治规划(2012-2020)》中口蹄疫(A型、亚洲I型、O型)列为优先防治的国内动物疫病之一。小反刍兽疫是由小反刍兽疫病毒引起的高度接触性病毒性传染病,主要感染小反刍动物。小反刍兽疫是世界动物卫生组织法定报告动物疫病之 相似文献
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关于我国防控牲畜口蹄疫工作的现状与建议 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
口蹄疫(Foot and Mouth Disease,FMD)是由口蹄疫病毒引起的以偶蹄动物为主的急性、热性、高度传染性疫病,世界动物卫生组织(OIE)将其列为必须报告的动物传染病,我国规定为一类动物疫病。人曾因接触口蹄疫病畜及其污染的毛皮,或误饮病畜的奶,或误食病畜的肉品等途径而感染,因 相似文献
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为了解新沂市2017年5月份规模猪场生猪口蹄疫等重大动物疫病及猪伪狂犬病的免疫情况,随机抽取全市3个不同规模的猪场共计1145份血清样品,17个乡镇、街道办共采集散养户血清共340份,应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测重大动物疫病免疫抗体及伪狂犬病免疫抗体、野毒感染抗体水平,检测结果显示:规模猪场猪瘟(HC)、口蹄疫O型(FMD)和蓝耳病(PRRS)的抗体阳性率分别达到94.49％、91.09％和89.17％;免疫三价苗的场口蹄疫A型(FMD)、亚1的抗体阳性率分别为95％、95.58％;伪狂犬野毒感染抗体(gE)的阳性率为4.28％、免疫抗体(gB)的阳性率为87.68％;散养户猪血清猪瘟(HC)、口蹄疫O型(FMD)和蓝耳病(PRRS)的抗体阳性率分别为87.06％、81.3％、80.％,伪狂犬野毒感染抗体(gE)的阳性率为11.18％、免疫抗体(gB)的阳性率为40.29％;规模猪场的三种重大动物疫病的抗体阳性率平均都达到85％以上,规模猪场猪伪狂犬病的免疫效果较好. 相似文献
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《畜牧兽医科技信息》2016,(3)
正口蹄疫(foot and mouth disease,FMD)是一种高度接触性病毒传染病,传播速度快,发病率高,可对养殖业造成巨大的经济损失。世界动物卫生组织(OIE)将其列入A类动物传染病之列,我国农业部将其作为一类动物疫病中的重点重大动物疫病。目前,我国口蹄疫的主要防治措施依然是以灭活疫苗免疫为主,如何有效区分感染抗体与免疫抗体一直以来都是口蹄疫防控工作中亟待解决的重要难题。3ABC是口蹄 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献