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1.
<正>采用高效液相紫外检测法,测定了健康鸡灌服80 mg·kg-1阿德呋啉后血浆中药物浓度,药物浓度-时间数据用3P97药代动力学程序软件处理。血药浓度-时间数据符合一级吸收二室开放模型,其主要药代动力学参数分别为:血浆消除半衰期(T1/2β)(2.414±0.252)h,达峰时间(Tpeak)(1.429±0.053)h,达峰浓度(C max)(499.941±21.295)ng·m L-1,药时曲线下面积(AUC)(2624.528±124.690)ng·h·m L-1。阿德呋啉在试验鸡体内的相对生物利用度为61.94%。结果表明:阿德呋啉在健康鸡体内的药代  相似文献   

2.
应用反相高效液相色谱法（RP—HPLC）研究奥比沙星在健康家兔体内的药物动力学规律。家兔以10mg/kg的单剂量肌肉注射奥比沙星,取给药后不同时间的血浆,用高效液相色谱仪测定血浆中奥比沙星的质量浓度,MCPKP药物动力学软件程序处理血浆药物浓度与时间数据。房室模型分析表明,免肌注给药的药时数据适合吸收二室开放模型：吸收和消除半衰期（T1／2Ka,T1/2β）分别为0．2669h和7．1546h;达峰时间（Tmax）为0．563h;峰浓度（Cmax）为4．8717μg／mL;药时曲线下面积（AUC）为18．4535mg／L·h。奥比沙星在家免体内的主要药动学特征为：吸收迅速,分布快,消除较缓慢,达峰时间短,峰浓度高,药时曲线下面积大。  相似文献   

3.
本试验旨在探讨加丽素红中角黄素在鸡体内的药代动力学特征.选取19周龄的海兰蛋鸡12只,单次灌胃口服加丽素红9.6 mg/kg BW,在72 h内不同时间段分10次采集静脉血,用高效液相色谱法测定鸡血清中角黄素的质量浓度,并利用3P97药代动力学程序软件处理血药浓度-时间数据.结果如下:加丽素红经口服给药后,角黄素在鸡体内的血药浓度-时间数据符合一级吸收一室模型,其理论方程为C=0.471(e-0.036-e-0.190),主要药代动力学参数为:吸收半衰期t1/2(Ka)=(3.643±0.205)h,消除半衰期t1/2(Ke)=(19.263±1.312)h,达峰时间Tmax=(10.795±1.007)h,达峰浓度Cmax=(0.259±0.048)μg/mL,血药浓度-时间曲线下面积AUC=(10.607±1.029)μg/(mL·h),总体清除率CLB=(0.905±0.076)L/(kg·h),表观分布容积Vd=(2.515±0.133)L/kg.上述结果表明,角黄素在鸡体内血药浓度的变化表征了加丽素红在鸡体内代谢的变化规律,具有吸收分布较迅速、达峰快、体内分布广泛、消除速度较慢等特点.  相似文献   

4.
近年来水产养殖中的常用药物恩诺沙星在鲫中的残留问题比较突出,但目前国家未对其在鲫中的休药期作出明确规定。为做到鲫养殖中科学合理使用恩诺沙星,在12~15℃水温条件下,以60mg/kg.b.w.剂量,对体质量为(250±10)g的健康方正银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)灌服恩诺沙星;在灌服后0~120d内不间断采样,用高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪检测,研究恩诺沙星及其代谢产物环丙沙星在方正银鲫鳃、血浆、肌肉、皮肤、肝脏和肾脏中的代谢及消除规律,从而为恩诺沙星在方正银鲫中的休药期制定提供参考。结果显示:灌药后,恩诺沙星在方正银鲫血浆、肌肉、肝脏、鳃、肾脏和皮肤中的达峰时间tmax分别为9、18、24、24、48和48h,肾脏、肝脏、肌肉、血浆、鳃和皮肤中的达峰浓度cmax分别为30.490、21.372、18.715、16.636、15.157和11.663mg/kg;皮肤中的消除半衰期t1/2β最大,为338.2h,血浆中最小,为93.303h;代谢产物环丙沙星的代谢及消除趋势与恩诺沙星大致相同,血浆中达峰值产生最早,tmax为18h,肾脏中的峰浓度最大,cmax为547.26μg/kg。结果表明,方正银鲫以单次口灌60mg/kg.b.w.剂量恩诺沙星,皮肤和肌肉中的恩诺沙星和环丙沙星总量需要1200度日才能满足限量要求。本研究为恩诺沙星在鲫鱼养殖中的科学使用提供了数据支撑。  相似文献   

5.
研究了氧氟沙星缓释注射液肌注给药后在猪体内的药物动力学特征,给药剂量为10mg/kg,采用反相高效液相色谱荧光检测法(HPLC-FLD)测定血浆中氧氟沙星浓度。采用3p97药物动力学程序软件处理药-时数据,得出相关药物动力学参数。静注氧氟沙星注射液在猪体内的药物动力学过程符合无吸收一室开放式模型,肌注氧氟沙星注射液、缓释注射液在猪体内的药物动力学过程均符合一级吸收一室开放式模型。氧氟沙星缓释注射液的吸收半衰期(t1/2ka)为(0.292 0±0.102 4)h,消除半衰期(t1/2ke)为(6.902 2±0.901 9)h,达峰时间(Tmax)为(1.379 5±0.373 2)h,达峰浓度(Cmax)为(2.148 1±0.296 1)μg/mL,生物利用度为(95.70±12.56)%,在猪体内的持效时间(MIC=0.5μg/mL)为(15.736 4±1.854 2)h,与氧氟沙星注射液相比,该制剂的吸收半衰期延长,消除半衰期延长,达峰时间延迟,峰浓度降低,生物利用度提高,持效时间延长。  相似文献   

6.
采用高效液相色谱-质谱法,研究肌肉注射给药方式下,喹乙醇及其代谢物在罗非鱼(Tilapiafish)体内的药物代谢动力学.罗非鱼注射给药20 mg/kg后,其血浆、肌肉、肝脏中药物浓度-时间曲线关系符合一级吸收的二室开放动力学模型.喹乙醇在罗非鱼体内消除较快,在血液、肌肉、肝脏中的消除半衰期(t 1/2β)分别为5.2...  相似文献   

7.
《畜牧与兽医》2016,(3):84-88
本文对鲫以15 mg/kg·bw的剂量单次口灌甲砜霉素进行药物动力学参数模拟研究,以15 mg/kg·bw的剂量连续口灌给药3 d进行药物残留研究。结果表明甲砜霉素的药—时曲线均较符合有吸收一室开放模型,10℃水温条件下甲砜霉素在鲫体内的主要药物动力学参数为:吸收半衰期(t1/2ka)4.63 h;峰浓度(Cmax)5.71μg/m L;达峰时间(Tmax)10.94 h;消除半衰期(t1/2β)13.68 h;表观分布容积(Vd/F)1.53 L/kg;清除率(CLb)0.08 L/(h·kg);药时曲线下面积(AUC)195.99μg·h/m L。25℃水温条件下甲砜霉素在鲫体内的药物动力学参数为:吸收半衰期(t1/2ka)2.72 h;峰浓度(Cmax)5.60μg/m L;达峰时间(Tmax)6.98 h;消除半衰期(t1/2β)9.87 h;表观分布容积(Vd/F)1.6 4L/kg;清除率(CLb)0.12 L/(h·kg);药时曲线下面积(AUC)130.16μg·h/m L。不同水温条件下甲砜霉素在鲫鱼各组织中的代谢明显不同,表现为水温升高甲砜霉素消除则加快,水温降低甲砜霉素消除则变慢。结果还显示在两个温度下,甲砜霉素在鲫鱼主要组织中消除均较慢,在给药72h后,仍可在在皮肤、肌肉、肾脏组织中检测到甲砜霉素。同时,皮肤中的药物代谢速率相对于其他组织较慢,因此,建议把皮肤作为甲砜霉素药物残留的靶组织。若以15 mg/kg·bw的剂量连续口灌给药甲砜霉素后,建议甲砜霉素在鲫鱼体内的休药期定为:在10℃至少为10d,在25℃至少为6 d。  相似文献   

8.
本文对洛克沙胂在鲫鱼体内的砷残留及消除动力学进行了研究，鲫鱼在室内水池洛克沙胂溶液10mg／L(以As计)中连续暴露15天进行富集残留试验后转入清水中进行消除试验。采用微波消解处理和氢化物一原子荧光光度法测定鱼鳃、肌肉、血清和内脏中总砷含量。结果表明，砷在鱼体内的表现为吸收和分布较快，肌肉和血清中总砷水平仅为0．3～0．4mg／kg，内脏中残留最高达30．25mg／kg。洛克沙胂在鲫鱼组织中消除符合一级速率动力学过程，消除半衰期(t1／2)为2．5～2．8h，鱼鳃中砷浓度在初始2h内下降快，此后消除较慢，t1／2为9．45h。  相似文献   

9.
研究诺氟沙星盐酸小檗碱在眼斑拟石首鱼体内的药代动力学和残留消除规律。在水温28±2℃、盐度28条件下,将诺氟沙星(Norfloxacin,NFLX)盐酸小檗碱(Berberine hydrochloride,BBH)预混剂按450 mg/kg的剂量口灌眼斑拟石首鱼后,其血浆、肌肉、肝脏和肾脏中的药物浓度采用HPLC-MS/MS测定,药时数据用DAS3.0软件分析。结果显示:单剂量口灌给药后,眼斑拟石首鱼血浆中NFLX和BBH的药时数据均符合一级吸收二室模型;血药达峰时间(tp)分别为1.20、1.79 h,血药浓度峰值(Cmax)分别为358.40、144.89μg/L,药时曲线下面积(AUC0-∞)分别为8252.80、6454.52μg/(L·h),消除半衰期(t1/2β)分别为43.26、27.30 h;NFLX和BBH在鱼体各组织中的分布较广,灌服给药后,肌肉、肝脏和肾脏中NFLX和BBH的Cmax分别为418.05、230.76μg/kg;1745.94、901.09μg/kg;1143.45、997.09μg/kg,tp分别为1.5和1.5 h、1.5和2.0 h、1.5和2.0 h,AUC0-∞分别为7682.00、5596.30μg/(kg·h);31236.90、19096.85μg/(kg·h);22593.93、37509.17μg/(kg·h);NFLX和BBH在眼斑拟石首鱼体内消除速度较慢,灌服给药后肌肉、肝脏和肾脏的t1/2β分别为33.41、61.81 h;20.44、15.04 h;30.28、23.43 h。按450 mg/kg剂量连续5 d口灌给药后,眼斑拟石首鱼血浆、肌肉、肝脏、肾脏中的NFLX和BBH残留消除半衰期(t1/2)分别为30.24、33.33 h;40.76、61.60 h;38.68、36.96 h;43.77、59.40 h。以10μg/kg为最高残留限量,肌肉作为食用靶组织,在本试验条件下,建议休药期不得少于12 d。  相似文献   

10.
《畜牧与兽医》2014,(6):83-86
为了研究不同水温下多西环素在草金鱼体内过程,本试验采用对草金鱼以30 mg/kg的剂量单次口灌多西环素。结果显示:多西环素在草金鱼体内吸收迅速,分布广泛,消除半衰期长。房室模型分析表明,在2个水温条件下的药时数据均符合有吸收二室开放模型,15℃条件下的主要药物动力学参数为:吸收半衰期(T1/2ka)1.38 h;分布半衰期(T1/2α)2.06 h;达峰时间(Tmax)2.70 h;峰浓度(Cmax)4.57μg/mL;消除半衰期(T1/2β)62.57 h;药时曲线下面积(AUC)138.20μg·h/mL。25℃条件下的主要药物动力学参数为:吸收半衰期(T1/2ka)1.33 h;分布半衰期(T1/2α)0.77 h;达峰时间(Tmax)1.78 h;峰浓度(Cmax)4.06μg/mL;消除半衰期(T1/2β)25.73 h;药时曲线下面积(AUC)82.80μg·h/mL。  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

13.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

14.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

15.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

16.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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17.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

18.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

19.
正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in  相似文献   

20.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

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