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3种豆科牧草愈伤组织继代培养抗褐化的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
《中国农学通报》2017,(22)
为解决3种豆科牧草愈伤组织继代培养中的褐化问题,以‘新牧4号’紫花苜蓿、普通红豆草和‘海法’三叶草愈伤组织为材料,探讨不同防褐化措施在3种豆科牧草愈伤继代培养过程中抗褐化效果的影响。结果表明,在苜蓿和红豆草愈伤组织的继代培养中,对愈伤组织褐化抑制效果较好的是AgNO_3,浓度为0.02 g/L时,褐化率分别为13%、15%,愈伤组织褐化程度强弱依次是PVP柠檬酸AgNO_3;在三叶草愈伤组织的继代培养中,对愈伤组织褐化抑制效果较好的是AgNO_3,浓度为0.015 g/L时,褐化率为32%,愈伤组织褐化程度强弱依次是柠檬酸PVPAgNO_3。一定浓度的AgNO_3不仅能有效控制褐化,还在一定程度上促进了愈伤组织的生长。 相似文献
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《分子植物育种》2020,(11)
本研究以薄壳山核桃品种苗‘波尼’幼嫩叶片为外植体,设置不同消毒方法、不同蔗糖浓度、不同褐化抑制剂及不同植物生长调节剂浓度及配比,研究其对叶片诱导愈伤组织形成的影响。结果表明,不同消毒方法对薄壳山核桃叶片愈伤组织形成影响显著,以0.1%HgCl_2消毒2 min效果最好,污染率为15.6%,且愈伤组织生长状态最好;不同蔗糖浓度对叶片愈伤组织形成的影响以30 g/L效果好,愈伤诱导率达75.6%;不同褐化抑制剂对叶片愈伤组织影响较小,其中以0.2 g/L PVP效果最好,不仅褐化率低且愈伤诱导率高;不同植物生长调节剂浓度及配比对薄壳山核桃叶片愈伤组织形成影响显著,以4/5MS+0.75 mg/L TDZ+0.5 mg/L6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA培养基与改良DKW+0.4 mg/L TDZ+0.4 mg/L IBA培养基诱导效果最好,研究发现低浓度的TDZ (0.2～0.4 mg/L)促进愈伤组织形成,高浓度的TDZ (0.8～2.0 mg/L)抑制愈伤组织形成。本研究可筛选出诱导叶片愈伤组织的最佳方法,为后期愈伤组织诱导不定芽提供科学依据。 相似文献
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为进一步优化刺梨叶片愈伤组织诱导条件,本试验以‘贵农1号’、‘贵农2号’、‘贵农5号’、‘贵农7号’4个不同基因型刺梨叶片为试材,采用组织培养法研究预处理、取样时间、植物生长调节剂、抗褐化剂对叶片愈伤组织诱导及降低褐化率的影响。结果表明：100 mg/LVc浸泡12 h后,可显著提高4个基因型叶片愈伤组织诱导率,降低其褐化率,其中‘贵农1号’诱导率最高为97.44 %;春季是不同基因型叶片最佳取材时间,3月份叶片愈伤组织诱导率均达到最高值且褐化率最低;适合‘贵农1号’和‘贵农2号’叶片愈伤组织诱导的植物生长调节剂组合为1.0 mg/L6-BA+0.5 mg/LNAA,而‘贵农5号’和‘贵农7号’叶片愈伤组织诱导最适宜的植物生长调节剂组合为1.0 mg/L6-BA+1.0 mg/LNAA+1.0 mg/LTDZ;3种抗褐化剂对4种基因型刺梨叶片愈伤组织增殖培养的效果大小为AgNO3>柠檬酸>PVP;添加柠檬酸或AgNO3可明显降低刺梨叶片愈伤组织褐化率,其中以2.0 g/L柠檬酸或0.4 g/LAgNO3最为适宜,4个基因型叶片愈伤组织褐化率均达到最低值。该试验获得了4种基因型愈伤组织诱导的最适宜生长调节剂组合,降低了褐化率,为后续离体再生体系的建立奠定了基础。 相似文献
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研究植物外源激素6-BA和NAA不同配比对甘薯愈伤分化、继代扩繁、试管苗移栽后生长的影响,建立高效的甘薯茎尖离体脱毒培养和快速繁殖技术体系。以推广应用面积较大的甘薯品种‘烟薯25’、‘普薯32’、‘龙薯9号’和‘商薯19’为试验材料,在MS培养基中添加6个不同浓度配比的6-BA、NAA,配制愈伤分化培养基和继代扩繁培养基。探讨茎尖组织愈伤率、成苗率、愈伤组织直径、叶片数,同时调查试管苗移栽成活率、叶片数量、株高、基部茎粗等的差异,研究组培苗愈伤分化、继代扩繁和移栽后生长的最佳配方。‘烟薯25’和‘普薯32’的愈伤分化成苗率在A4处理(1.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA)下最高,‘龙薯9号’和‘商薯19’愈伤分化成苗率在A3处理(1.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA)下最高;‘烟薯25’在B4处理(0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.4 mg/L NAA)下继代扩繁培养长势较好,移栽后成活率高、生长快,‘普薯32’、‘龙薯9号’和‘商薯19’在B3处理(0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA)下继代扩繁培养长势较好、移栽后成活率最高、生长快。在... 相似文献
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为研究洋葱愈伤诱导体系建立问题,对洋葱种子幼苗、鳞茎盘、幼嫩花序不同组织进行愈伤诱导,同时对愈伤组织进行继代培养和发芽诱导筛选。结果表明,12份洋葱种子材料未诱导出愈伤组织,12份洋葱球的鳞茎盘只有‘早春黄3号（不育系）’诱导出愈伤组织;22份洋葱花序在黑暗条件进行愈伤诱导,诱导率为100%,说明洋葱不同组织对愈伤的诱导发生存在差异,洋葱幼嫩花序培养基诱导率100%,说明洋葱最佳诱导愈伤的组织为幼嫩花序。对不同材料愈伤进行继代培养,‘早春黄3号（不育系）’和‘黄金大玉葱’愈伤生长最快;利用液体培养基进行继代培养,能够快速、高效扩繁愈伤组织。选用27份不同梯度组合的培养基对愈伤组织进行出苗诱导,在光照条件下,开始会有绿色组织形成,全部诱导出根,均未诱导出苗。石蜡切片观察外植体诱导愈伤和继代培养愈伤无差异,再生培养基诱导后有根形态形成。说明不同成分的培养基诱导洋葱愈伤组织,其内部促进生根的激素增加,导致根的诱导发生。通用型洋葱愈伤组织的诱导形成,为不同基因型的洋葱诱导出苗、生根奠定材料基础,对洋葱基因编辑等技术应用具有促进作用。 相似文献
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以‘洛阳红’牡丹组培苗为试材,探讨了不同基本培养基、激素配比、培养条件、抗褐化物质对‘洛阳红’牡丹继代苗增殖生长、生根及褐化的影响。结果表明：DKW基本培养基适宜‘洛阳红’牡丹继代增殖;培养基中附加2.0～3.0mg/L BA与0.5mg/L IAA或0.05mg/L NAA配比有利于继代苗分化、生长,而附加玉米素ZT效果不佳;20～25℃对‘洛阳红’继代苗增殖影响不大,30℃下试管苗很快老化、枯死,不宜采用;1/2MS附加0.2mg/L NAA或2.0mg/L IAA与2.0mg/L IBA配比可促进‘洛阳红’牡丹试管苗不定根诱导;继代和生根培养基中附加0.5g/L PVP可有效减轻‘洛阳红’牡丹组培苗褐变,促进继代苗分化、生长,但对生根没有明显影响。 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
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D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
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Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
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E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
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[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
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Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
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Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献