共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 718 毫秒
1.
为优化亚麻籽胶与壳聚糖复合膜的成膜工艺，以亚麻籽胶和壳聚糖为主要材料制备复合膜，研究亚麻籽胶膜液∶壳聚糖膜液(V/V)、壳聚糖质量浓度和甘油添加量对复合膜性能的影响，并以复合膜性能综合评分为考察指标，结合主成分分析法和响应面试验法，优化复合膜制备工艺参数。结果表明，复合膜最优制备工艺为：亚麻籽胶膜液∶壳聚糖膜液(V/V)为20∶10，壳聚糖质量浓度1.0 g/100 mL，甘油质量分数21%；在此条件下制备的复合膜性能综合评分为0.724，膜的各项指标分别为：拉伸强度(18.16±0.17)MPa，断裂伸长率57.15%±0.14%，水蒸气透过率(1.30±0.02)(g·mm)/(h·m2·kPa)，氧气透过率(7.30±0.08)cm3/(m2·d·Pa)，透光率95.55%±0.09%。该研究结果可为复合膜在食品保鲜中的应用提供理论基础。 相似文献
2.
《农产品加工．学刊》2017,(21)
以乳清蛋白和壳聚糖为原料制备复合膜,同时利用天然无毒的京尼平作为交联剂,研究其制备工艺。通过单因素试验研究成膜材料比例、热处理温度、塑形剂、交联剂对乳清蛋白和壳聚糖复合膜性能的影响,并对复合膜进行表征和抑菌性研究。结果表明,京尼平可以作为交联剂用来制备乳清蛋白和壳聚糖复合膜,并且可以较好地改善复合膜的拉伸性能和阻隔性能,膜制备的最佳工艺条件是乳清蛋白(WPC)与壳聚糖(CS)配比为6:4,甘油添加量4%,热处理温度70℃,京尼平添加量0.4%,此时复合膜的拉伸强度(TS)1.79 MPa,断裂伸长强度(E)30.28,透光率(T)37%,水蒸气透过率(WVP)1.25,溶解性(S)34%。在此条件下制得的复合膜具有良好的阻隔性能、抗拉强度、致密性和抑菌性能,可用于食品保鲜和抗菌内外包装的使用。 相似文献
3.
二氧化钛对鱼皮明胶纳米可食膜理化及保鲜性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究将相对于明胶含量分别为30 ∶1、20 ∶1和10 ∶1的二氧化钛（TiO2）添加到鱼皮明胶（Fish skin gelatin, FSG）中,开发出一系列TiO2-FSG抗菌纳米可食膜,并对其机械性能、阻隔性能和保鲜性能进行比较分析。结果表明：成膜液组分中TiO2的含量越高,TiO2与FSG的相互作用越强,导致可食膜的厚度和断裂伸长率逐渐增大,外观颜色变白,抗拉强度、水溶性和水蒸气透过系数逐渐降低。二氧化钛-鱼皮明胶可食膜对李斯特菌（Listeria monocytogenes）、金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureas）、大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）和铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa）具有显著性抑制作用,尤其是对革兰氏阳性菌的抑制效果明显,对冷藏猪肉具有良好的保鲜效果。二氧化钛-鱼皮明胶可食膜在食品保鲜包装方面具有巨大的应用潜力。 相似文献
4.
本研究将相对于明胶含量分别为30∶1、20∶1和10∶1的二氧化钛(Ti O2)添加到鱼皮明胶(Fish skin gelatin,FSG)中,开发出一系列Ti O2-FSG抗菌纳米可食膜,并对其机械性能、阻隔性能和保鲜性能进行比较分析。结果表明:成膜液组分中Ti O2的含量越高,Ti O2与FSG的相互作用越强,导致可食膜的厚度和断裂伸长率逐渐增大,外观颜色变白,抗拉强度、水溶性和水蒸气透过系数逐渐降低。二氧化钛-鱼皮明胶可食膜对李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureas)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)具有显著性抑制作用,尤其是对革兰氏阳性菌的抑制效果明显,对冷藏猪肉具有良好的保鲜效果。二氧化钛-鱼皮明胶可食膜在食品保鲜包装方面具有巨大的应用潜力。 相似文献
5.
《农产品加工．学刊》2021,(11)
以复合膜抗拉强度、断裂延伸率、水蒸气透过率、油脂透过率、透光率、氧气透过率和溶水时间为参数指标,分析了普鲁兰多糖、明胶、乳酸和油茶粕提取物的添加对复合膜的影响,并通过响应面法优化了其组分含量组成为(质量比):1.5%普鲁兰多糖,5%明胶,15%油茶粕提取物。最优工艺下保鲜复合膜抗拉强度预测值为107.22 MPa,实际值为113.21 MPa,断裂延伸率为15.48%,水蒸气透过率为189.21 g/(m2·d),氧气透过率为0.14 m L/(m2·d),透光率为87.21%(600 nm),溶水时间为22 s,未检出油脂透过率。结果表明,明胶和油茶粕提取物对膜的抗张拉强度影响较大。 相似文献
6.
以绿豆淀粉和大豆分离蛋白为制膜原料,通过考察二者复合比例对可食性绿豆淀粉基复合膜性能的影响,研究可食性绿豆淀粉基复合膜的最佳复合比例,同时利用傅里叶红外光谱仪和扫描电镜对该复合膜进行结构表征,并考察其对青脆李贮藏品质的影响。结果表明：在绿豆淀粉与大豆分离蛋白复合比例为2∶1时,绿豆淀粉基复合膜表现出良好的膜性能,此时溶解度、水蒸气透过系数、抗拉强度和断裂伸长率分别为18%、1.2×10-5 g·mm·cm-2·h-1·Pa-1、35 MPa和21.4%。与绿豆淀粉膜相比,该复合膜组分间的相容性较好,且表面更平滑、均匀。在常温贮藏期间,用该复合膜涂膜的青脆李硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量等品质指标均优于未涂膜组,可作为青脆李的保鲜膜材料。 相似文献
7.
《农产品加工．学刊》2017,(7)
开发具有生物活性的鼠尾草酸可食性米糠蛋白复合膜,并研究其物理性能、结构及抗氧化活性。以米糠分离蛋白为成膜基质,添加鼠尾草酸制成复合膜,通过检测抗拉强度测试其机械性能,通过测定水蒸气透过率、透光率,通过扫描电镜等手段阐明其组织结构,并通过氧自由基清除能力判断其抗氧化性,研究和探讨鼠尾草酸米糠蛋白复合膜的理化性能。鼠尾草酸添加量在0~0.8%(W/V)时,随着添加量的增加,复合膜的透明度升高,颜色逐渐加深变为墨绿色,抗拉强度和断裂伸长距离均先升高后降低;0.5%鼠尾草酸添加量下米糠蛋白复合膜具有最大抗拉强度(984 g)和最长断裂距离(5.89 mm)。添加鼠尾草酸的米糠蛋白复合膜水蒸气透过率比未添加对照组有所提高,可见该膜具有较好的组织结构。添加鼠尾草酸的米糠蛋白复合膜,随着添加量的增大,该复合膜的自由基(DPPH·)清除活性提高,该复合膜的抗氧化活力(p0.05)显著提高。结果显示,所制备的鼠尾草酸米糠蛋白复合膜具有抗氧化性能,可应用于包装行业。 相似文献
8.
壳聚糖成膜剂包衣性能及对油松种子萌发的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
成膜剂是种衣剂的重要助剂及关键的功能性成分,壳聚糖的良好成膜性和生理活性,在种衣剂中具有重要应用价值。本文以油松为研究对象,通过制备0.2%和0.5%壳聚糖单膜溶液以及壳聚糖-聚乙烯醇和壳聚糖-纳米TiO2不同配比复合成膜剂,进行包衣性能测定和种子萌发安全性试验,筛选适合油松种子包衣的最佳配方。结果表明,对于油松种子壳聚糖成膜剂及复合成膜剂均能够快速成膜,其中复合成膜剂在成膜性、抗水溶能力以及包衣脱落率表现更优;不同成膜剂配方对种子发芽势、发芽率和活力指数影响显著,具有促进种子萌发作用;综合分析得出最佳成膜剂配方是0.2%壳聚糖+0.03 g纳米TiO2,最佳配方使成膜剂包衣性能有明显提高,并且与CK相比,发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数分别提高了22%、64%、15%、59%。 相似文献
9.
《农产品加工．学刊》2017,(3)
在玉米淀粉-海藻酸钠共混体系中,分别添加质量分数为0,0.05%,0.10%,0.20%,0.40%,0.80%的有机盐乙酸钠和柠檬酸钠至50 g/L淀粉悬液中,于90℃条件下搅拌40 min后流延成膜。测定包装膜机械性能、透光度、水溶性、水蒸气透过率,并用红外光谱(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)检测包装膜结构与形貌表征。结果显示,乙酸钠和柠檬酸钠的添加改变了包装膜机械强度,使膜透光度下降,水蒸气透过率、水溶性升高。SEM显示,添加乙酸钠包装膜表面凹凸不平,聚合大分子团分布不均匀;添加柠檬酸钠包装膜表面较为平整,有结晶现象,颗粒分布均匀。XRD分析表明,2种有机盐都增加了包装膜结晶度。 相似文献
10.
以壳聚糖为成膜剂,植酸为抗氧化剂,并添加丙三醇制备一种具有保鲜性能的壳聚糖-植酸复合膜。以复合膜的拉伸强度、断裂拉伸率、水蒸气透过系数、透光率为考察指标,进行单因素试验,再以拉伸强度为响应值,运用Design Expert 软件对壳聚糖添加量、植酸添加量、丙三醇添加量进行三因素三水平响应面试验设计。以感官品质、色差、电子鼻分析为指标,探究复合膜对鲈鱼保鲜风味效果的影响。结果表明,复合膜的最佳工艺配方为：壳聚糖添加量1.5 g/100 mL,植酸添加量0.06 g/100 mL,丙三醇添加量0.225%。此条件下制成的复合膜工艺最好,拉伸强度可达29.281 MPa。由该复合膜包裹的鲈鱼片可以保持较高的感官品质,有效控制L*、a*值的降低和b*值的升高。采用电子鼻进行气味检测,发现随着储藏时间的延长,PE保鲜膜包裹的鲈鱼肉响应强度大于复合膜组。按最优配方制备的壳聚糖-植酸复合膜对鲈鱼片具有一定的保鲜效果。 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
15.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
18.
W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
19.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
20.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献