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用α-苯基苯并吡喃作为饲料添加剂饲喂中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)10 d后,测定了其对中华绒螯蟹血淋巴细胞中相关免疫因子的影响。实验设3个α-苯基苯并吡喃添加重复组,分别为A组(2 mg/kg)、B组(4 mg/kg)、C组(6 mg/kg)和1个对照重复组(0 mg/kg)。结果表明:α-苯基苯并吡喃添加剂量为4 mg/kg(B组)可显著地提高中华绒螯蟹血淋巴细胞中酚氧化酶(PO)、溶菌酶(LSZ)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活力(P<0.05),说明具有生物活性的α-苯基苯并吡喃可刺激中华绒螯蟹机体免疫相关酶活性的提高。 相似文献
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为了探究低氧胁迫下中华圆田螺(Cipangopaludina cathayensis)肝脏组织基因的差异表达,本研究通过高通量测序技术,分析中华园田螺低氧胁迫组(2.5 mg/L)和常氧组(6.9 mg/L)某些基因的差异表达,并对差异基因进行生物信息学分析,进一步采用实时荧光定量PCR (RT-qPCR)对关键差异表达基因进行验证。结果显示,测序共获得232 379条基因(unigenes),与对照组比较,低氧胁迫组筛到176个差异基因,包含64个上调基因和112个下调基因。GO功能注释分析显示,差异基因主要富集在生物学过程中的几丁质代谢过程和含氨基葡萄糖的复合代谢过程,细胞组分中的胶原三聚体成分,分子功能中的几丁质结合功能和糖衍生物结合功能。KEGG通路富集分析显示,差异基因主要集中于环境信息处理、遗传信息处理、代谢和生物系统这4大类通路。6个关键差异基因的RT-qPCR结果显示,热休克蛋白70B2和热休克蛋白β-6基因表达量上调,几丁质酶蛋白4、α-1胶原蛋白(XIV)、α-4胶原蛋白(XIV)、5-磷酸酶蛋白基因表达量下调,证实了转录组测序结果的可靠性。本研究发现,低氧胁迫激活了中华圆田螺适应缺氧的生理活动,并获得了低氧胁迫下中华圆田螺肝脏组织中相关功能基因的表达信息,为深入研究中华圆田螺响应低氧胁迫的调控机制提供了基础数据和理论依据。 相似文献
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以中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)为研究对象,蟹初始体质量为(71.25±1.13)g。设计对照组(不额外添加氨氮,水中本底氨氮质量浓度约为1 mg/L)、低浓度组(10 mg/L NH4Cl)、中浓度组(50 mg/L NH4Cl)、高浓度组(100 mg/L NH4Cl)4种不同的氨氮质量浓度,分别于胁迫的第1天、3天、5天、15天抽取血淋巴进行相关免疫指标测定,并观察氨氮胁迫15 d后对肝胰腺组织结构的影响。结果表明:(1)3个处理组的血细胞密度(DHC)在胁迫初期(第1天和第3天)均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);在胁迫第5天,各组血细胞密度均升至最高;但至第15天时,高浓度组的DHC下降,显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。低浓度的氨氮胁迫在短期内可促进超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,高浓度的氨氮胁迫却抑制其活性;随胁迫时间延长,SOD活性变化趋势与DHC相似,CAT活性在胁迫第5天时出现显著下降(P<0.05),且3个氨氮处理组显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而第15天时各组之间差异不显著。丙二醛(MDA)含量随胁迫时间延长而不断增加,不同浓度的氨氮胁迫使MDA增加速度不同,浓度越高,MDA在体内累积量越大;(2)与对照组相比,3个氨氮处理组的中华绒螯蟹在遭受氨氮胁迫15 d后,其肝胰腺B细胞数量均减少,转运泡体积明显增大,细胞核增大且数量增多;而且在高浓度组中,中华绒螯蟹的部分肝小管基膜破裂、细胞结构模糊,少量细胞核解体。结论认为,随着氨氮胁迫浓度的增加和胁迫时间的延长,中华绒螯蟹DHC逐渐下降,MDA含量逐渐增加,机体非特异性免疫防御系统遭到损伤,同时机体细胞和组织受到伤害甚至出现死亡。研究结果从免疫学与形态学的角度阐明了氨氮胁迫对中华绒螯蟹的毒害机制。 相似文献
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性早熟是中华绒螯蟹养殖过程中普遍存在的一个问题。为发掘中华绒螯蟹性早熟相关的重要功能基因,实验采用Illumina Hiseq 2000高通量测序技术获得了正常与性早熟雌蟹的Y-器官转录组数据,并进行比较分析。结果显示,测序分别获得44 619 538和43 052 958个clean reads,比对发现2655个差异表达基因,Gene Ontology(GO)功能分类分析将文库中的差异表达基因归类到3大功能(生物过程、细胞组分和分子功能)的42个类别中。KEGG富集分析将文库中的差异表达基因富集到134条特定的KEGG代谢途径,其中4条是显著性富集,包括酮体合成和降解、丁酸甲酯代谢、神经营养因子信号通路和碱基切除修复通路。通过RNA-seq技术获得了丰富的中华绒螯蟹Y-器官转录组信息,为中华绒螯蟹新基因克隆、性早熟成因与预防和Y-器官的研究提供有价值的数据。 相似文献
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中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)亲体初始体质量为(80.228±6.270)g。实验采用2×3因子设计,设置pH 6.5条件下的3个硫化物浓度组LS1(0.1 mg/L)、MS1(0.33 mg/L)和HS1(1.0 mg/L),以及pH 8.5下的3个硫化物浓度组LS2(0.1 mg/L)、MS2(0.33 mg/L)和HS2(1.0 mg/L),共6个处理组;另设一个不添加硫化物的对照组CTR(自然pH值为7.5),设2个平行处理,分别在实验后第10天、20天和30天取样,以性腺指数(GSI)、卵巢卵黄磷蛋白(Lv)含量、卵巢Lv总含量和卵巢蛋白质含量的变化为评判指标,研究了硫化物胁迫对中华绒螯蟹亲体卵巢发育的影响。结果表明,不同pH条件下各处理组的GSI在30 d时均低于对照组,其中HS组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。在各取样时间点,所有处理组蟹卵巢的Lv含量均低于对照组,且MS和HS组在前20 d显著低于对照组(P<0.05),但这种差异随时间的推移而逐渐减小;至暴露结束时仅HS1组蟹的卵巢Lv含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。各处理组蟹的卵巢Lv总含量始终低于对照组,且这种差异随时间的推移而逐渐增大;第10天时仅HS1组的Lv总量显著降低,而时间延长至30 d后,各处理组Lv总量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论认为,慢性硫化物胁迫会抑制中华绒螯蟹雌体的卵巢发育,相比之下,弱酸条件下水体中硫化物的毒性作用有所增强。 相似文献
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在水温(23±2)℃下，采用63 cm×43 cm×20 cm水族箱和半静态毒性实验法，设(0.00μg/L、28.25μg/L、56.5μg/L、113μg/L和226μg/L)5个噻虫嗪(C8H10Cl N5O3S)浓度梯度，测定了平均壳长(2.78±0.23)cm中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)幼蟹血淋巴细胞数量、肝胰腺和血淋巴相关免疫酶活性以及肝胰腺和鳃组织免疫和代谢基因表达情况，研究了噻虫嗪对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹的21 d亚急性毒性效应，为噻虫嗪在稻田养殖河蟹的合理用药提供理论依据。结果表明：噻虫嗪对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹的96 h半致死浓度(LC50)为452μg/L，安全浓度(SC)为45.2μg/L。噻虫嗪暴露第14 d和21 d,113μg/L和226μg/L噻虫嗪组河蟹的血淋巴细胞数量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)；第1 d、4 d、7 d和14 d,28.25μg/L噻虫嗪组河蟹超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)，第7 d、14 d和21 d,226μg/L组SOD活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05)；第4 d、7 d、... 相似文献
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为研究B类Ⅰ型清道夫受体(SCARB1/SR-BI)在中华绒螯蟹代谢、生长以及免疫等生物学过程中的分子功能，实验对中华绒螯蟹Scarb1的克隆及时空表达进行了分析，观察了RNA干扰该基因后的相关组织结构和类胡萝卜素含量变化，筛选了该基因的SNP标记并与生长相关性状进行关联分析。结果显示，中华绒螯蟹的Scarb1由2个外显子和1个内含子组成，开放阅读框为2 415 bp，编码805个氨基酸；系统进化分析显示中华绒螯蟹与三疣梭子蟹的氨基酸同源性高达80.51%，具有较高的物种间保守性。该基因在不同蜕壳时期的肝胰腺、肠道、血淋巴细胞、心脏、鳃和肌肉组织中均有表达，但在肝胰腺、肠道和血淋巴细胞中的表达量相对较高。RNA干扰Scarb1后，组织切片观察发现肝胰腺的肝小管管腔模糊并产生了部分空泡化结构，肠道内膜的肌肉层和黏膜下层处出现显著空洞现象；肝胰腺的颜色由黄色变成灰白色，其中的类胡萝卜素含量显著下降。在该基因的第一外显子筛选到1个SNP位点(C432T)与蜕壳后体重和壳长增长率存在显著相关性。本研究结果为Scarb1在中华绒螯蟹的遗传研究和育种应用提供参考。 相似文献
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镉、汞单独及联合胁迫对中华绒螯蟹的急性毒性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《水产科学》2015,(4)
采用静水体外暴露法,根据Cd2+和Hg2+的24h全致死和无死亡质量浓度区间,按等对数间距设立6个质量浓度组,即Cd2+为25.00、52.23、109.13、228.00、476.37、993.27mg/L,Hg2+为3.00、7.26、17.58、42.57、103.06、249.53mg/L,研究了Cd2+和Hg2+对体质量48.58~87.09g的中华绒螯蟹的急性染毒;以Cd2+、Hg2+的96h半致死质量浓度为一个毒性单位,按照毒性比1∶1设置5个质量浓度组研究了镉-汞联合毒性。4d的试验结果表明,Cd2+对中华绒螯蟹的24、48、72、96h的半致死质量浓度分别为654.226、192.429、70.767、40.279mg/L;Hg2+对中华绒螯蟹的24、48、72、96h的半致死质量浓度分别为164.157、19.214、6.738、3.641 mg/L,Hg2+对中华绒螯蟹的毒性比Cd2+明显。Cd2+、Hg2+对中华绒螯蟹的安全质量浓度分别为4.994mg/L和0.079mg/L。Hg2+和Cd2+联合作用对中华绒螯蟹24、48、72、96h的相加指数分别为4.291、4.587、3.367和2.003,具有显著的协同效应。 相似文献
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选用草酸钾等 10种抗凝剂对中华绒螯蟹血淋巴进行抗凝试验，结果表明，1．67倍抗凝剂 8(0．23 mol/LNaCl、0．17mol/L葡萄糖、50．00mmol/L柠檬酸三钠、43．33mmol/L柠檬酸、16．67mmol/LEDTA- Na2，pH5．5)为中华绒螯蟹血淋巴一种比较理想的抗凝剂，当抗凝剂与血淋巴体积比为 2∶5时，这种抗凝剂不仅能有效延长中华绒螯蟹血淋巴的凝固时间达69．8min以上，而且还能较好地维持中华绒螯蟹血细胞形态的完整性。 相似文献
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中华绒螯蟹血淋巴内磺胺甲基异噁唑的测定及药代动力学研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定中华绒螯蟹血淋巴内磺胺甲基异唑含量。血淋巴从心区抽取,经甲醇去蛋白,3000r/min离心10min,取上清液进行HPLC检测。平均回收率,平均日间、日内精密度分别为97.5%、1.20%和2.1%。本方法测定磺胺甲基异唑的最低检测限为0.02μg/mL。研究了中华绒螯蟹单次口灌磺胺甲基异唑(100mg/kg蟹体重)后的药代动力学。中华绒螯蟹血淋巴中药-时曲线可用开放式二室模型拟合,其主要药动学参数中分布半衰期(t1/2α)、消除半衰期(t1/2β)分别为20.190h和79.586h;曲线下面积(AUC)、总体清除率(CLs)和表观分布容积(Vd)分别为431.268mg·h/L、0.277L/(kg·h)和26.082L/kg。本法适合于中华绒螯蟹血淋巴中磺胺甲基异唑含量分析。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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