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鸡舍环境是影响家禽健康和产品质量的重要因素之一，改善其生活环境不仅关乎家禽福利，而且更能提升家禽养殖水平和生产性能。鸡舍环境作为复杂且多维度的范畴，涵盖了温度、湿度、空气流通等多种因素，这些交互叠加的参数指标对鸡群福利养殖的综合评价起着重要的影响。目前我国家禽福利的评估标准尚未统一，福利养殖与环境参数有机结合的评价体系有待进一步研究。文章通过对国内外相关文献的搜集，集中阐述了家禽舍内环境参数控制及其福利养殖的研究进展和现状，以期为鸡舍环境参数精准设定与现代化福利养殖的有效评价提供理论依据，从而深度优化、改善养殖环境，全面推动家禽养殖快速健康发展。 相似文献
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为了给我国家禽养殖企业制订生产布局决策和环境管理部门制订政策和管理办法提供参考意见和建议,笔者选取2004—2015年我国30个省、市及自治区的家禽养殖业数据,在对家禽养殖业生产变动与空间布局分析的基础上,运用空间计量的方法考察了环境规制对我国家禽养殖业的影响机制。结果表明:我国家禽养殖业环境规制具有空间上的关联性,在布局上存在层次分明的聚集现象;环境规制与家禽养殖业之间呈倒N型的非线性关系,养殖业密度随着环境规制的增长呈先下降、后上升、再下降的趋势;东部沿海地区受到环境规制的严格制约,养殖密度逐渐下降,而中西部省份环境规制的加强倒逼养殖规模化和技术革新,家禽养殖总体呈上升趋势;环境规制的差异使得家禽养殖业从东南沿海地区向中西部地区转移,家禽养殖业空间格局存在着北移西进的新趋势。 相似文献
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正近年来,我国的家禽业不断向集约化、产业化发展,但在养殖规模增加的同时,家禽的生产性能却未得到相应提高,反而有下降趋势,许多养殖者认为复杂的病情是罪魁祸首,却忽视了养殖环境的重要性。根据笔者多年来的养殖经验,可以说禽病是养出来的,病因固然重要,但养殖环境才是家禽发病、生产性能降低的根源。只有为家禽提供良好的环境,才能起到预防疾病的作用,从而保证家禽健康生长并创造出良好的养殖效益。1舍外大环境影响1.1场址选择养禽场一定要选择地势高、阳光充足 相似文献
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曹崇海 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2018,(10)
热应激可通过多种途径影响家禽的生理功能和生产性能,通过改善禽舍环境、减少养殖数量、调整日粮结构等综合有效措施,减少热应激的危害,提高家禽生产的经济效益。 相似文献
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《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2017,(9)
家禽养殖生产是关系人类食品健康的关键部分。但是,家禽养殖在实际生产中可能会受到疫病的影响,不利于家禽生产和食品安全。为改善家禽的生产水平和疫病防治效果,需结合实际情况,科学地展开兽药的应用。故此,本文针对家禽养殖生产中的兽药合理使用展开研究,旨在提升兽药的合理应用效果,规避食品安全隐患。 相似文献
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一空气质量对家禽生产的影响 由于国内气候环境、养殖环境及养殖模式与国外有着较大区别，家禽传染性疾病仍然是困扰养禽业的主要问题之一，威胁着养殖场的安全和收益。目前国内家禽传染病种类较多且呈增加之势，并且死亡率较高，是国外的数倍；新的传染病不断出现；另外家禽免疫抑制性疾病增多，混合和继发感染普遍。 相似文献
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在家禽养殖过程中,受养殖环境与技术的影响,在家禽生产过程中对生发很多常见疾病,这些疾病严重影响到家禽的健康.如果不及时采取有效措施防治疾病,严重的话会引起禽类成群死亡,经济损失比较大,因此现阶段研究家禽常见疾病与防治对策具有十分重要的现实意义. 相似文献
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正近年来,我国的家禽业不断向集约化、产业化发展,在养殖规模增加的同时,家禽的生产性能未得到相应提高,反而有下降趋势。对此,许多养殖者只认为复杂的病情是罪魁祸首,却忽视了养殖环境的重要性。根据笔者多年来的养殖经验,可以肯定的说:禽病是养出来的。病因虽然重要,但养殖环境才是家禽发病、生产性能降低的根源。只有为家禽提供良好的环境,才能起到预防疾病的作用,才能保证家禽健康生长,并提高养殖效益。 相似文献
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将90羽健康蛋雏鸡随机分成9组,每组10羽,其中Ⅰ组为对照组,Ⅱ～Ⅸ为试验组.用中草药黄芪多糖、淫羊藿多糖、当归多糖、生物制剂犊牛胸腺肽、化学合成药左旋咪唑、脂质体、维生素E和亚硒酸钠8种具有免疫增强作用的药物,配合鸡新城疫(ND-lasota)疫苗注射使用,采用β-微量血凝抑制试验(ND-HI),α-醋酸萘酯酶染色(ANAE)及试验各组免疫器官相对重量的变化,检测了参试雏鸡的三项免疫指标.结果表明,所选用的药物都不同程度的增强了鸡的免疫功能,并依据其自然特性、免疫增强机理及其特异性,从中筛选出了5种免疫增强剂药物,为下一步筛选高效、经济、实用的复合免疫增强剂的研究提供依据. 相似文献
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FIV/HIV infections are associated with an early robust humoral and cellular anti-viral immune response followed by a progressive immune suppression that eventually results in AIDS. Several mechanisms responsible for this immune dysfunction have been proposed including cytokine dysregulation, immunologic anergy and apoptosis, and inappropriate activation of immune regulatory cells. Studies on FIV infection provide evidence for all three. Cytokine alterations include decreases in IL2 and IL12 production and increases in IFNγ and IL10 in FIV+ cats compared to normal cats. The elevated IL10:IL12 ratio is associated with the inability of FIV+ cats to mount a successful immune response to secondary pathogens. Additionally, chronic antigenic (FIV) stimulation results in an increase in the percent of activated T cells expressing B7 and CTLA4 co-stimulatory molecules in infected cats. The expression of these molecules is associated with T cells that are undergoing apoptosis in the lymph nodes. As ligation of CTLA4 by B7 transduces a signal for induction of anergy, one can speculate that the activated T cells are capable of T cell–T cell interactions resulting in anergy and apoptosis. The inability of CD4+ cells from FIV+ cats to produce IL2 in response to recall antigens and the gradual loss of CD4+ cell numbers could be due to B7–CTLA4 interactions. The chronic antigenemia may also lead to activation of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells. Treg cells from FIV+ cats are chronically activated and inhibit the mitogen-induced proliferative response of CD4+CD25− by down-regulating IL2 production. Although Treg cell activation can be antigen-specific, the suppressor function is not, and thus activated Treg cells would suppress responses to secondary pathogens as well as to FIV. Concomitant with the well-known virus-induced immune suppression is a progressive immune hyper-activation. Evidence for immune hyper-activation includes polyclonal B cell responses, gradual replacement of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cell phenotypes with activation phenotypes (CD62L−, B7+, CTLA4+), and the chronic activation of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells. Thus lentivirus infections lead to severe immune dysregulation manifested as both chronic immune suppression and chronic immune activation. FIV infection of cats provides a number of advantages over other lentivirus infections as a model to study this immune dysregulation. It is a natural infection that has existed in balance with the cat's immune system for thousands of years. As such, the natural history and pathogenesis provides an excellent model to study the long-term relationships between AIDS lentivirus and host immune system function/dysregulation. 相似文献
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猪细小病毒BQ株灭活疫苗免疫剂量及免疫持续期的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为确定猪细小病毒(PPV)BQ株灭活疫苗(PPV-BQ)的免疫剂量及免疫持续期,本研究与市场上销售的2种PPV灭活疫苗A和B进行了比较。试验分6组,每组免疫3头PPV抗体阴性猪,1组～3组分别免疫BQ株灭活疫苗1mL、2mL、4mL,4组～5组按照说明书免疫A、B两种PPV灭活疫苗,6组为阴性对照组(免疫油佐剂)。两周后进行二免,定期检测血清抗体水平。结果表明,注射疫苗组均产生了PPV抗体,都能持续到免疫后24周。免疫不同剂量PPV-BQ各组间抗体水平差异不显著(p0.05),PPV-BQ与PPV-A抗体水平差异不显著(p0.05),与PPV-B抗体水平差异极显著(p0.01),显著优于PPV-B。PPV-BQ1mL免疫剂量即可达到或超过同类产品的免疫效果,是较为理想的PPV灭活疫苗。 相似文献
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African trypanosomosis: from immune escape and immunopathology to immune intervention 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Stijlemans B Guilliams M Raes G Beschin A Magez S De Baetselier P 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,148(1):3-13
African trypanosomes can cause prolonged chronic infections through a mechanism of antigen variation whereby they manipulate the humoral immune system of their hosts. However, besides antigenic variation these extracellular parasites exert other immunoregulatory activities mainly mediated by innate cells in particular macrophage-like (M) cells. In this review, the modulation of M cells through parasite factors and host cytokines as well as their role in parasite control and immunopathology will be examined. The concept of M cell polarization into distinct activation states (M1, M2) that may contribute to trypanosusceptibility or resistance will be discussed. Finally, the possibility to interfere with such activation states hereby providing new therapeutical modalities in the treatment of this infectious disease will be illustrated. 相似文献
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A I Hurvitz 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1982,181(10):1080-1082
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Interferons and immune reactivity 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J J Hooks B Detrick-Hooks A I Levinson 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1982,181(10):1111-1114