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1.
不同家禽红细胞悬液对禽流感血清抗体检测的影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
为探讨不同家禽红细胞对禽流感血清抗体检测的影响，对不同家禽的禽流感阳性血清分别经不同方法处理后，做了一系列对比试验。结果发现，经受体破坏酶(RDE)处理后，虽然可以消除异种家禽血清对异种家禽红细胞的非特异性凝集作用的影响，但因处理复杂，费用高，不宜推广应用；经鸡红细胞吸附处理，可明显降低水禽血清对异种红细胞的非特异性凝集作用，但处理费时；而用水禽红细胞检测同种水禽的禽流感血清抗体，可以有效去除血清非特异性凝集的影响．且更能准确地反映水禽经禽流感疫苗免疫后的抗体水平。因而，应选用与宿主来源相同的红细胞悬液检测水禽禽流感血清抗体。 相似文献
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为探讨不同种家禽红细胞对禽流感血清抗体效价的影响,对鸭、鹅的禽流感免疫血清分别经不同方法处理后,做了一系列对比试验。结果发现,受体破坏酶(RDE)可以完全去除水禽血清中的非特异性凝集抑制因子,但RDE处理血清的成本较高,在临床中不易广泛使用。用5%或20%鸡红细胞吸附处理,可减少水禽血清中非特异性凝集因子对检测的影响,但吸附不完全,且耗时。因此,做HI试验时最好用同种禽类的红细胞来检测血清的禽流感抗体效价,即鸭禽流感血清用鸭红细胞悬液,鹅禽流感血清用鹅红细胞悬液,这样几乎可完全排除非特异性凝集和非特异性凝集抑制因子对水禽禽流感抗体检测的影响。如果没有鸭、鹅的红细胞也可以使用鸡红细胞代替检测鸭、鹅血清,但鸭、鹅血清必须进行试验前的处理。 相似文献
3.
《中国畜牧兽医文摘》2012,(11)
为摸清不同种禽红细胞对禽流感血清抗体检测结果的影响,本试验通过对经20%鸡红细胞吸附处理后和不进行任何处理的鸡、鸭和鹅的禽流感阳性血清,分别用1%的鸡红细胞、鸭红细胞和鹅红细胞进行血凝试验(HA)和血凝抑制试验(HI)。结果发现,用鸡红细胞检测水禽血清会出现非特异性的凝集,经20%鸡红细胞吸附处理后能去除水禽血清中部分的非特异性凝集因子,而选用相应的禽红细胞进行禽流感抗体检测则不存在非特异性的影响。因此,进行禽流感血清抗体检测时应选用各自对应的禽红细胞。 相似文献
4.
水禽禽流感HI抗体检测方法的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2003年国家质量监督检验检疫总局出台了<高致病性禽流感诊断技术>(GB/T18936-2003)[1],标准中要求采用鸡红细胞作为血凝与血凝抑制试验的指示细胞监测禽流感抗体,这对于免疫鸡血清中的相应抗体水平监测比较合理[2-4],但对鸭、鹅及其他免疫禽类进行HI抗体水平监测时,常出现非特异性凝集现象[2-3],对检测结果的判定影响较大.有鉴于此,本试验拟对禽流感疫苗免疫后的水禽血清HI抗体检测方法进行探讨,研究适合免疫水禽禽流感HI抗体检测的方法. 相似文献
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鸭是禽流感传播链中的一个重要环节,能否有效防控鸭禽流感的关键之一是使用科学的检测方法.目前,是参照禽流感血凝(HA)和血凝抑制(HI)试验标准(GB/T18936-2003)[1],但是,鸭体内含有非特异性抑制因子,血清中的唾液酸残基会模拟红细胞受体,同红细胞受体竞争与流感病毒血凝素的结合,因而会导致非特异性抑制结果(假阳性)的出现,用鸡红细胞悬液检测水禽禽流感血清抗体时,常常存在非特异性凝集现象,出现前带和后带现象,有时能严重影响结果的判定.为此,本文采用不同种家禽的红细胞悬液做重复试验,探讨水禽血清的处理方法及不同种的家禽红细胞悬液对水禽禽流感血清抗体检测的影响, 在临床应用中,可为鸭禽流感免疫技术提供参考依据. 相似文献
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禽流感自1878年在意大利首次发生以来,该病不断蔓延。近年来,在许多国家和地区出现暴发和流行,成为严重危害养禽业健康发展的一种主要家禽传染病。加强禽流感的监测是预防和控制禽流感的重要措施。目前,基层单位大都采用微量红细胞血凝抑制试验(简称HI试验)来检测家禽禽流感血清抗体。但在检测过程中,笔者发现依照国标的要求采用鸡红细胞悬液来检测水禽禽流感血清抗体时,常常存在非特异性凝集现象。本试验用鸭红细胞悬液替代鸡红细胞悬液来检测水禽禽流感血清HI抗体,探讨是否能消除非特异性凝集因子对鸭禽流感HI试验的影响,现报道如下。1… 相似文献
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H5亚型禽流感疫苗对特禽及水禽的免疫效果观察 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
用H5N2亚型禽流感疫苗,分别免疫SPF鸡、乌鸡、珍珠鸡、贵妃鸡、火鸡、鸭及鹅,免疫后采血测定其HI抗体,观察我国现有的H5N2亚型禽流感疫苗对特禽及水禽的免疫效力.结果,免疫后3周,SPF鸡、乌鸡、珍珠鸡、贵妃鸡、火鸡、鸭及鹅的平均HI抗体滴度分别为2 7.2、2 7.6、2 4.3、2 4.83、2 4.6、2 6.2及2 5.3,乌鸡两次免疫,其中一次HI抗体为2 9.65.试验证明,SPF鸡、特禽及水禽用H5N2亚型禽流感疫苗免疫后,均能产生一定水平的HI抗体,但不同种类的家禽所产生的HI抗体滴度存在较大差异,以SPF鸡及乌鸡所产生的HI抗体滴度最高,而珍珠鸡、贵妃鸡及火鸡所产生的HI抗体滴度较低,水禽对H5N2亚型禽流感疫苗可产生一定水平的HI抗体. 相似文献
9.
从某一已免疫禽流感的种鹅场采取30份血样，分别以健康鸡红细胞悬液和健康皖西白鹅红细胞悬液为指示剂，对30份血样进行禽流感血凝和血凝抑制试验。结果：用鸡红细胞悬液作指示剂进行血凝试验，测出抗原4HAU为1：32；用鹅红细胞悬液作指示剂进行血凝试验，测出抗原4HAU为1：8以1：32倍数稀释抗原，分别用鸡红细胞和鹅红细胞悬液作指示剂进行血凝抑制试验，测出30份鹅血清禽流感H5免疫抗体效价的平均值分别为2^5.8和2^3.9；以1：8倍数稀释抗原，用鹅红细胞悬液作指示剂进行血凝抑制试验，测出30份鹅血清禽流感免疫抗体的平均效价为2^5.1。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献