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1.
为探究奶牛免疫布鲁氏菌A19疫苗(以下简称A19疫苗)后的抗体变化规律及向外排菌的风险,使用A19疫苗免疫30头3月龄奶牛,在首免和加强免疫后3个月内,通过虎红平板凝集试验(RBT)和试管凝集试验(SAT)进行抗体检测,采用荧光定量PCR方法,进行血液以及口鼻、阴道拭子的布鲁氏菌核酸检测。结果显示:首免后6 d,奶牛抗体开始出现阳转,60 d后绝大部分奶牛抗体转阴,而加强免疫后3d,又出现抗体阳转;仅在首免后2 d内的阴道拭子和首免后6 d内的血液中检测到布鲁氏菌核酸,而在口鼻拭子中以及其他时间点的血液和阴道拭子中均未检测到布鲁氏菌核酸。结果表明,A19疫苗免疫奶牛抗体阳转快,排菌期短,安全性高。  相似文献   

2.
为了比较布鲁氏菌病温敏凝胶疫苗经不同黏膜途径免疫的效果,本研究采用BABL/c小鼠为实验动物模型,制备了用于黏膜免疫的布鲁氏菌病温敏凝胶活疫苗(S2株),比较了该疫苗与常规疫苗黏膜免疫(阴道灌注、点眼、口服、直肠灌注)后的体表排菌,研究了黏膜免疫与注射免疫的抗体反应规律差异及保护效果。结果显示:凝胶疫苗能够在34℃～36℃完成由液态到凝胶态的相转变,适合所选小鼠黏膜途径的免疫;凝胶疫苗从免疫后第2 d开始停止排菌,常规疫苗的排菌持续到免疫后第4 d;黏膜免疫小鼠抗体效价比注射免疫低25%～80%,并且在免疫后45 d左右微量试管凝集试验(MSAT)结果显示前者抗体效价即下降至1∶50以下或接近1∶50,下降速度显著快于注射免疫;对阴道灌注、点眼、口服、直肠灌注及注射免疫的小鼠攻毒结果显示对照组小鼠的出菌指数为6.47,免疫组的单位保护(对照出菌指数-免疫出菌指数)分别为3.89、3.81、3.32、3.25、4.08,其中阴道灌注、点眼2种黏膜免疫小鼠的单位保护更接近注射免疫的单位保护(4.08)。研究结果提示,凝胶疫苗比常规疫苗在免疫后更可以显著减少体表排菌,抗体持续时间更短、使得对疫病的诊断干扰更低,此外,凝胶疫苗免疫也具有接近注射免疫的单位保护。因此,采用布鲁氏菌病凝胶疫苗进行黏膜免疫更有利于布鲁氏菌病的鉴别诊断。  相似文献   

3.
[目的]探究湖羊经布鲁氏菌S2疫苗免疫后的血清抗体消长规律。[方法 ]采用皮下注射25亿CFU(正常剂量)、口服免疫100亿CFU(正常剂量)、口服免疫150亿CFU(1.5倍剂量)3种免疫方法,对试验湖羊进行S2疫苗接种。在免疫前后的不同时间点,采集血液,分离血清,通过虎红平板凝集试验(RBT)和试管凝集试验(SAT)检测血清抗体水平。[结果 ]皮下免疫组在免疫后7 d出现抗体,21 d达到峰值,平均抗体效价最高为1:400,RBT和SAT抗体阳性率均为100%;免疫后120 d,RBT、SAT血清抗体阳性率分别为53%、56%;血清抗体存续时间为240 d。1.5倍剂量口服组免疫后21 d,RBT、SAT抗体阳性率分别为80%、83%,平均抗体效价最高为1:230.9,血清抗体存续时间为150 d。正常剂量口服免疫组在免疫后14 d产生抗体,21 d的抗体阳性率最高,RBT、SAT抗体阳性率分别为50%、57%,平均抗体效价最高为1:156,血清抗体存续时间为120 d。[结论 ]布鲁氏菌S2疫苗皮下免疫效果明显优于口服免疫效果,但可能存在免疫副反应;1.5倍剂量口服优于正常剂量口服。  相似文献   

4.
为了探究布鲁氏菌活疫苗A19免疫奶牛后对体液免疫水平及疫苗体外排菌的影响,选取90头3～4月龄布病抗体阴性犊牛,通过颈部皮下免疫布鲁氏菌活疫苗A19,测定免疫后4h、8h、24h、48h、72h和120h的犊牛体温变化,检测免疫30d后转阳性和排菌情况,免疫后90d检测抗体转阴水平。结果表明,犊牛免疫布鲁氏菌活疫苗A19后,体温变化明显,免疫后30d抗体转阳率100%,部分牛只可通过阴道向外界排菌,免疫后90d转阴率达到78.4%。本试验为牧场布病疫苗的使用及建立合理的布病净化程序提供了参考。  相似文献   

5.
[目的]探索成年绵羊经布鲁氏菌病疫苗S2株免疫后血清抗体的消长规律。[方法 ]采用"灌服100亿菌""灌服200亿菌"和"肌注50亿菌"三种不同免疫方法,对试验羊进行布鲁氏菌病S2株疫苗的免疫接种。在接种前和接种后不同时间点分别采集试验羊血清样品,用虎红凝集试验(RBT)和试管凝集试验(SAT)进行血清抗体检测。[结果 ]肌注组抗体上升较快,于免疫后10天达到峰值,然后快速下降,90天后下降速度减缓,但在180天时RBT和SAT阳性率仍分别为63.2%和84.2%,SAT平均凝集效价为1:178.9。2个口服组均在免疫20天后抗体达到最高,以后下降,分别于90天和120天降到最低,然后有所回升并维持在低水平波动;至180天时,口服组的RBT阳性率均下降为0,SAT阳性率分别下降为40.9%和23.1%,SAT平均凝集效价分别降至1:40.9和1:18.2。[结论 ]对采用布鲁氏菌病S2株活疫苗口服免疫6个月以后的羊群,可用虎红凝集试验进行布鲁氏菌病检疫的初筛。  相似文献   

6.
重组乳酸乳球菌分别经鼻腔和口腔免疫小鼠后,免疫后的测定时间内鼻腔免疫方法刺激呼吸道和肠道产生s-Ig A水平高于口服免疫方法,且肺泡冲洗液中s-Ig A水平差异极显著(P0.01),肠道黏膜s-Ig A水平无显著差异(P0.05);血清中Ig G抗体水平两种免疫方法均无显著差异(P0.05),但鼻腔免疫组抗体水平在最后一次免疫后7 d达到最高,在整个测定时间内维持在高水平,口服免疫组抗体水平在最后一次免疫后21 d达到最高水平,然后迅速下降;h1型细胞因子IL-2和IFN-γ水平滴鼻免疫组高于口服免疫试验组,差异不显著(P0.05),Th2型细胞因子IL-4水平在各组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。结果表明,重组乳酸乳球菌分别经鼻腔及口腔免疫小鼠后,能诱导机体产生黏膜免疫系统的体液免疫及Th1型细胞免疫反应,且滴鼻免疫方法优于口服免疫方法,为传染病的预防控制提供了新的免疫策略。  相似文献   

7.
为分析仔猪首次免疫猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)弱毒疫苗对血清细胞因子分泌水平的影响,本试验筛选PRRSV抗原与抗体均为阴性的7日龄仔猪40头,平均分为4组,其中试验A、B、C组均为14日龄首次免疫经典弱毒疫苗,试验A组35日龄二免用高致病性灭活疫苗,试验B组35日龄二免用经典弱毒疫苗,试验C组35日龄注射生理盐水,对照组均注射生理盐水。分别于首免后1,2,3周和二免后1,2,3,4,5,6周前腔静脉采血分离血清,采用细胞因子ELISA方法检测IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-2、IL-10和IL-12细胞免疫水平。结果显示,仔猪14日龄首次免疫弱毒疫苗后能迅速分泌细胞因子,首免3周以内,试验组IFN-γ分泌量均高于对照组,差异极显著(P0.01);试验组TNF-α分泌量高于对照组,差异极显著(P0.01),且试验A组试验B组试验C组,其差异不显著(P0.05);试验组IL-2分泌量高于对照组,试验A组最高,其差异显著(P0.05);试验组IL-10分泌量高于对照组,试验C组最高,其差异显著(P0.05);试验组IL-12分泌量高于对照组,试验A组最高,其差异显著(P0.05)。35日龄二免弱毒疫苗或灭活疫苗3周后,除IFN-γ外,试验A组的TNF-α、IL-2、IL-10和IL-12分泌水平均高于试验B组和试验C组。结果表明,14日龄首免PRRSV弱毒疫苗和35日龄二免PRRSV灭活疫苗的免疫效果优于仅单独2次免疫PRRSV弱毒疫苗或1次免疫PRRSV弱毒疫苗。  相似文献   

8.
为开发一种安全有效的布鲁氏菌疫苗,解决现有A19、S2和M5等弱毒疫苗存在较强毒力可感染人,且无法通过血清学方法将其免疫抗体与野毒感染抗体进行鉴别区分的问题,本试验将含有噬菌体PhiX174裂解酶基因E的质粒转化至A19疫苗株,构建菌影疫苗(A19-BG)菌株,并检验其遗传稳定性及对小鼠的安全性、免疫效果和保护效果。结果显示,构建成功的A19-BG菌株传代20代仍稳定,热诱导48 h后可完全灭活,菌体穿孔明显。A19-BG疫苗免疫小鼠7 d后免疫部位无不良反应,14 d后脾脏无可见病理变化,与空白对照组相比脾脏重量无显著差异(P>0.05)。一免和二免后14 d,免疫小鼠的布鲁氏菌抗体、白细胞介素4(IL-4)和γ干扰素(IFN-γ)水平持续升高,产生了良好的体液和细胞免疫反应。布鲁氏菌2308强毒株攻毒免疫小鼠,免疫保护率可达87.5%,保护效果良好。结果表明,构建的A19-BG疫苗具有良好的稳定性、安全性、免疫效果和保护效果,有望成为一种极具潜力的布鲁氏菌新型疫苗。  相似文献   

9.
本试验初次建立了CpG ODN联合重组乳酸乳球菌滴鼻免疫BALB/c小鼠模型。结果得出CpG ODN佐剂协同重组菌抗原组血清中抗PRRSV特异性抗体IgG和呼吸道黏膜抗体s-Ig A均高于单独重组菌组(P>0.05)和单独佐剂组(P<0.01),佐剂CpG ODN协同重组菌抗原组的Th1型细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γ及黏膜淋巴因子IL-5的活性高于单独抗原组(P>0.05)及单独佐剂组(P<0.01)。试验结果说明CpG ODN作为佐剂与重组菌鼻腔免疫小鼠后,可以提高重组菌诱导的黏膜免疫反应和Th1细胞参与的系统免疫反应,为研究安全有效的重组菌黏膜疫苗奠定了基础。  相似文献   

10.
为研究蛹虫草多糖(CMP)对鸡新城疫苗免疫效果的影响,将200只14日龄雏鸡随机分为5组,除空白对照组(BC)外,均接种新城疫疫苗,28日龄第二次接种。第一次接种疫苗的同时,三个CMP40组鸡分别肌肉注射低、中、高浓度的多糖,免疫对照组(VC)和BC组注射等量生理盐水,每天1次,连续3 d。在第1次接种后的第7(D7)、14(D14)、21(D21)、28(D28)、35(D35)和42(D42)天采血,分别用MTT法和血凝抑制(HI)试验测定外周血淋巴细胞增殖和血清抗体效价变化,在D14、D21和D28用ELISA测定血清IL-4和IFN-γ浓度。结果显示,CMP40L组在所有时间点的A570值和血清抗体效价显著高于VC组和BC组(P0.05);低剂量的CMP40发挥佐剂性能的效果最好,同时可促进机体对IFN-γ和IL-4的分泌。  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

13.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

14.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

15.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

16.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

17.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

18.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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19.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

20.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

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