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1.
实验研究了30日龄肉鸡按55.38mg/Kg.体质量剂量灌服10%硫酸锰溶液后不同时间采血,应用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定血药浓度,经微机处理得出血药浓度及药动学参数,血药浓度-时间曲线符合一级吸收一室开放模型,最佳药时方程:C=80.8013(e-0.0709t-e-0.4402t)。主要药动学参数:t1/2Ka为1.5747hrs,t1/2Ke为9.7698hrs,tp为5.6617hrs,Cmax为48.3581ug/L,AUC为967.9305(μg/L).h。根据单剂量给药参数,计算出多剂量给药参数。τ定为12h,(C∝)max为95.997μg/L,c为80.6609μg/L,(C∝)min为4.0668μg/L,D*为3.2794mg/Kg.BW,D0为1.8789mg/Kg.BW,R为1.7454。  相似文献   

2.
实验研究了30日龄肉鸡按55.38mg/kg·bw剂量灌服10%硫酸锰溶液后不同时间采血,应用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定血药浓度,经微机处理得出血药浓度及药动学参数,血药浓度-时间曲线符合一级吸收一室开放模型,最佳药时方程:C=80.8013(e-0.0709t-e-0.4402t)。主要药动学参数:t1/2Ka为1.5747hrs,t1/2Ke为9.7698hrs,tp为5.6617hrs,Cmax为48.3581ug/L,AUC为967.9305(μg/L)·h。根据单剂量给药参数,计算出多剂量给药参数。τ定为12h,(C∝)max为95.997μg/L,为80.6609μg/L,(C∝)min为4.0668μg/L,D为3.2794mg/kg·bw,D0为1.8789mg/kg·bw,R为1.7454。  相似文献   

3.
强痛宁在犬血浆中的药代动力学研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
强痛宁及其衍生物是目前临床医学中应用最为广泛的麻醉性镇痛药物.近年来,随着动物麻醉特别是复合麻醉的发展,在动物医学领域对强痛宁研究和应用越来越广泛.本研究采用高效液相色谱法-紫外检测器测定犬血浆中强痛宁浓度的方法.并用MCPKP自动化药动学分析程序对实验数据进行分析.分析结果表明:实验犬静脉注射2μg/kg强痛宁后,血药经时过程符合无吸收的三宣开放性模型,其理论方程为:Cp(t)=11.911 e-0.6020t+7.040 e-0.091 70t+5.013 e-0.005 093t;主要药动学参数:t1/2π为1.591 min、t1/2α7.892 min、t1/2β为140.283 min;kel为0.00 902 min-1;V1为153.372 mL/kg、VB为306.535 mL/kg;CL为2.379 mL·kg-1·min-1;AUC为906.040μg·min·L-1;TCP为237.503 min.  相似文献   

4.
磺胺间甲氧嘧啶在猪体内的药代动力学及生物利用度   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
健康猪只5头,按50 mg.kg-1剂量分2个阶段分别给猪静注、肌注,研究其在猪体内的药代动力学规律。采用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中的药物浓度。采用3P97药代动力学程序软件处理药时数据。结果静注药时曲线符合一室开放模型,其理论方程为C=139.6 e-0.24 t,V(c)为(0.38±0.02)L.kg-1,AUC为(537.7±37.6)μg.h.mL-1,t1/2Ke为(2.84±0.08)h,CL(s)为(0.09±0.005)L.kg-1.h-1。肌注药时数据符合一室开放模型,其理论方程为C=19.2(e-0.04 t-e-0.73 t),t1/2Ka为(0.87±0.14)h,t1/2Ke为(16.3±1.9)h,C(m ax)为(15.4±0.6)μg.mL-1,AUC为(427±43)μg.h.mL-1,F为(79.5±8.0)%。表明本制剂肌注后在猪体内吸收较好,具有较长的半衰期,为一种长效制剂。以化脓链球菌为例,肌注剂量有效浓度维持时间为72 h。  相似文献   

5.
实验研究了30日龄肉鸡单次肌注(0.6mg/Kg)亚硒酸钠注射液后不同时间采血,用流动注射氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法测定血硒浓度,经微机处理得出血硒浓度及药动学参数,血硒浓度-时间曲线符合一级吸收一室开放模型,最佳药时方程:C=100.2001(e-0.0197t-e-1.6428t)。主要药动学参数:t1/2Ka为0.421 9h,t1/2Ke为35.121 5h,tp为3.312 4h,Cmax为93.986 5μg/L,AUC为5 025.314 9(μg/L).h。根据单剂量给药参数,计算出多剂量给药参数。  相似文献   

6.
考察甘氨胆酸在大鼠血清中的药代动力学特征。采用固相萃取-反相高效液相色谱法测定了给药后不同时间大鼠血清中甘氨胆酸含量,并做了方法学考察。结果显示在0.15625~10.0μg/mL范围内甘氨胆酸浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,回归方程Y=39 579X+57 823,R2=0.9984;平均回收率98.49%;日内RSD 0.52%~2.00%,日间RSD 0.74%~4.98%;血清药时曲线符合一级吸收二室模型,药动学方程:C=41.17e-1.256t+84.7e-0.491t-125.87e-0.667t。结果表明,该方法适用于血清中甘氨胆酸含量的分析,并首次得到了有关药动学数据;甘氨胆酸口服给药后,在大鼠体内吸收快,消除较缓慢,在体内能保持较长时间的药物浓度,有利于其临床药理作用的发挥。  相似文献   

7.
氟苯尼考在鸡体内的药动学及其体内抗菌后效应研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为探讨氟苯尼考的药动学特征及抗菌后效应(PAE),制订临床给药方案,用微生物法测定鸡血清中氟苯尼考浓度。建立鸡组织笼感染模型,以菌落计数法测定氟苯尼考的体内PAE。结果显示内服给药后药-时数据符合一级吸收一室开放式模型,其药动学方程为C=4.7804(e-0.1096t-e-2.5858t),主要药动学参数:t1/2Ke=(6.42±0.83)h、Cmax=(3.96±0.42)μg/mL、AUC=(42.41±7.50)(μg/mL).h-1、Vd=(6.63±0.68)L/kg;氟苯尼考浓度在2MIC、4MIC和8MIC时,作用1h的体内PAE分别为0.35、1.20和1.48h,同时测定的体外PAE为0.23、0.93和1.17h。鸡内服氟苯尼考的给药方案为1日1次,维持剂量30mg/kg体重。  相似文献   

8.
张国红 《四川畜牧兽医》2002,29(7):31-31,34
本试验以6头长白猪(W18.3～18.8kg)为靶对象,进行了兽用长效粉针剂欧孢美诺单剂量用药的药代动力学研究;以2万IU/kg进行单剂量用药后,其药代动力学特征符合有滞留的一级吸收二室模型(C=2.289e-0.259t+8.241e-0.016t+10.53e-0.168t)具体参数为:Tl/2α2.68±0.12(h)、T1/2β43.31±2.06(h)、T1/2ka4.12±0.37(h)、Auc585.679±51.58(μ/mL·h)、vd3878.74±201.19(100mL/kg)、CLB620.61±19.88(mL/kg/min)、Tmax2.14±0.16(h)、Cmax38.59±2.089(μ/mL)。以0.25μ/mL为安唐西林的有效血药浓度,那么欧孢美诺在在猪体内的有效血药浓度维持时间tcp(ther)是216.48h。  相似文献   

9.
《畜牧与兽医》2015,(8):61-65
18头健康猪随机分成3组,分别按每公斤体重10 mg单剂量颈部注射环丙沙星注射液、盐酸林可霉素注射液及环丙-林可霉素长效注射液后,用高效液相色谱法分别测定环丙沙星和林可霉素的血药浓度,评价环丙-林可霉素长效注射液在猪体内的药物动力学特征。环丙-林可霉素长效注射液中环丙沙星及参比注射液主要药动学参数分别为:药时曲线下面积(AUC)23.62和15.67μg·h/mL,消除半衰期(t1/2β)12.34和5.22 h,达峰时间(Tp)1.54和0.94 h,吸收半衰期(t1/2α)0.45和0.27 h。林可霉素及参比注射液主要药动学参数分别为:AUC为25.68和18.40μg·h/mL,t1/2β为10.74和3.59 h,Tp为1.03和0.69 h,t1/2α为0.37和0.25 h。结果表明:肌内注射环丙-林可霉素长效注射液后,两药均迅速吸收,体内释放平稳,消除缓慢,具有长效和缓释的作用。  相似文献   

10.
实验研究了30日龄肉鸡单剂量52.86 mg/kg·BW剂量灌服1％硫酸锌溶液不同时间采血,应用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定血药浓度,经微机处理得出血药浓度及药动学参数,血药浓度-时间曲线符合一级吸收一室开放模型,最佳药时方程:Ci=27.63626 (e-0.166907t-e-0.0.35005t).主要药动学参数:t1/2Ka为1.98014 hrs,t1/2Ke为4.15290 hrs,tp为4.52561hrs,Cmax为7.36195μg/L,AUC为86.62806(μg/L)·h.根据单剂量给药参数,计算出多剂量给药参数.  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

13.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

14.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

15.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

16.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
  相似文献   

17.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

18.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

19.
正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in  相似文献   

20.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

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