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1.
试验旨在对本实验室研发的用于奶牛乳头消毒的二氧化氯消毒剂进行实验室杀菌效果评价,并对二氧化氯的杀菌机理进行初步研究。采用定量法杀菌试验对二氧化氯奶牛乳头消毒剂进行实验室杀菌效果评价;利用透射电子显微镜观察二氧化氯作用后金黄色葡萄球菌超微结构的改变;利用流式细胞仪测定二氧化氯作用后金黄色葡萄球菌细胞膜通透性的变化。定量法杀菌试验结果显示,当该消毒剂中二氧化氯的含量高于1.2 mg/L时,对无乳链球菌、铜绿假单胞菌的杀灭对数值高于3.00,即杀菌率高于99.9%;二氧化氯含量高于0.6 mg/L时,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌杀灭对数值高于3.00,即杀菌率高于99.9%;二氧化氯的含量为0.3 mg/L时,仍能有效杀灭表皮葡萄球菌、停乳链球菌;而二氧化氯含量高于28 mg/L,对于枯草芽孢杆菌的杀菌率才能达到100%。透射电子显微镜超微结构观察结果显示,100 mg/L二氧化氯作用于金黄色葡萄球菌5 min时,细胞膜出现了轻微的皱缩,细胞壁与胞膜之间出现了轻微的空隙,绝大多数细胞仍保持原有形态;作用15 min后,金黄色葡萄球菌形态发生了较明显的变化,细胞膜发生了明显的皱缩,细胞壁与细胞膜完全脱离,细胞质也出现了凝集。流式细胞仪检测金黄色葡萄球菌细胞膜通透性变化发现,二氧化氯处理后金黄色葡萄球菌细胞膜通透性发生了改变,其中含量为50 mg/L二氧化氯作用15 min后细胞膜通透性改变最明显。结合实验室杀菌效果评价结果发现,二氧化氯对细菌细胞膜通透性的改变仅仅是致死细菌的原因之一,二氧化氯对细菌的杀灭机理较复杂,仍需进一步的探索。  相似文献   

2.
《畜牧与兽医》2015,(1):64-66
甲酚纳米乳消毒剂中甲酚含量测定的标准曲线方程为:Y=18.21X+0.003 9(r=0.999 0),甲酚在0.01~0.05μg/m L检测范围内线性关系良好,最低检测限浓度为0.000 4μg/m L;精密度试验相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.07%;重复性试验的RSD为1.17%;平均回收率为99.50%,RSD为1.36%。利用建立的方法测得甲酚纳米乳消毒剂中甲酚的平均标示量为99.29%,RSD为1.07%。结果表明,紫外分光光度法测定甲酚纳米乳消毒剂含量的方法线性关系良好,精密度高,重复性好,准确度高,可作为甲酚纳米乳消毒剂产品生产过程和临床应用的质量控制方法。  相似文献   

3.
建立了同时测定兽用制剂中氟苯尼考、糠酸莫米松、盐酸特比萘芬含量的高效液相色谱法。C8(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱分离,甲醇-0. 02%三乙胺水溶液(75∶25)为流动相,流速为1.0 m L/min,采用224 nm作为氟苯尼考及盐酸特比萘芬的检测波长、250 nm作为糠酸莫米松的检测波长分别进行检测。氟苯尼考、糠酸莫米松、盐酸特比萘芬线性范围分别为0.49～49.20μg/m L(r=1.000)、0.24～7.96μg/m L(r=1.000)、0.25～50.00μg/m L(r=1.000),其回收率(n=9)分别为100.80%、102.83%、101.37%。测得兽用制剂中氟苯尼考、糠酸莫米松、盐酸特比萘芬含量分别为15.46mg/m L、2.07 mg/m L、15.35 mg/m L。结果表明该方法可用于兽用制剂中氟苯尼考、糠酸莫米松及盐酸特比萘芬的含量的测定。  相似文献   

4.
为了探索应用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定母猪血清的多巴胺(DA)、五羟色胺(5-HT)的条件,并试图快速准确测定妊娠母猪血清内DA、5-HT的含量,试验以12头妊娠母猪为试验群体,于妊娠期第103天耳静脉采血并进行HPLC测定。试验色谱条件:色谱柱CAPCELL PAK C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),柱温35℃,流动相为甲醇和0.1 mol/L磷酸二氢钾(15∶85),p H值为4.6,激发波长为254 nm,发射波长为338 nm,流速为1.5 m L/min。结果表明:母猪血清DA平均含量为(37.84±6.45)μg/m L、血清5-HT含量为(48.00±22.82)ng/m L。  相似文献   

5.
为探讨能准确测定芪楂口服液中黄芪甲苷含量的方法。试验采用HPLC-ELSD法,色谱柱为Agilent C18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水(82:18),流速为1.0m L/min,蒸发光散射检测器,漂移管温度为105℃,载气(氮气)流量为2.8L/min。结果表明,黄芪甲苷含量在20-120μg/m L(r=0.9995)范围内呈良好的线性关系,平均加样回收率达99.15%,RSD为0.94%(n=6)。HPLC-ELSD法测定芪楂口服液中黄芪甲苷含量的方法准确可靠,能有效的实现该制剂中黄芪甲苷含量的测定。  相似文献   

6.
建立HPLC法测定二氧化氯乳头消毒剂中乳酸的含量并研究此方法的耐用性。采用HPLC法,色谱柱为资生堂Capcell Pak C18 MG（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相为0.1%磷酸水溶液-乙腈（97.5:2.5,V/V）,检测波长为215 nm,流速为1 mL/min,柱温为35℃,进样量为20 μL。结果表明：乳酸在200～1 000 μg/mL内线性关系良好（R2=0.9999）,检测限为5 μg/mL,定量限为13 μg/mL,精密度试验峰面积RSD均符合标准,平均回收率为98.50%,供试品工作液在24 h内稳定。耐用性试验结果显示,在测试范围内,检测波长、流速、柱温、流动相比例和色谱柱对样品中乳酸的含量测定均无影响,且分离度符合要求。结论：此方法操作简易,可靠性高,可以用作该乳头消毒剂中乳酸的质量控制。  相似文献   

7.
为研究消毒剂对兔球虫卵囊孢子化的抑制效果,选用聚维酮碘、二氧化氯和三氯异氰尿酸3种消毒剂,在不同浓度和作用时间下处理兔球虫卵囊,分别培养24、48和72 h后计算各条件下卵囊孢子化率。结果表明:处理5、15、30和60 min后,聚维酮碘(500 mg/L、1 000 mg/L、2 000 mg/L)、二氧化氯(以有效氯计,25 mg/L、50 mg/L、100 mg/L)各组对球虫卵囊孢子化无明显抑制作用,三氯异氰尿酸(以有效氯计,250 mg/L、500 mg/L、1 000 mg/L)对球虫卵囊孢子化有一定抑制作用,其中以培养24 h抑制作用最明显。  相似文献   

8.
奶水牛具有抗热应激能力强,乳脂率、乳蛋白率高的优点。云南省具有悠久的奶水牛养殖历史,通过对2019年全省奶水牛的DHI测定数据分析,得出季节对奶水牛产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖含量、总固体含量、非脂固体含量、体细胞数和尿素氮的影响,为奶水牛饲养管理提供依据。季节对产奶量、乳脂率、乳糖含量、总固体含量、非脂固体含量的影响不显著,产奶量从低到高的顺序为:夏季(5.3 kg/天)、秋季(5.5 kg/天)、冬季(5.6 kg/天)、春季(5.7 kg/天);乳脂率从低到高的顺序为:夏季(5.69%)、冬季(6.11%)、春季(6.16%)、秋季(6.33%);乳糖含量从低到高的顺序为:夏季(4.96%)、秋季(5.00%)、春季(5.06%)、冬季(5.10%);总固体含量从低到高的顺序为:夏季(15.51%)、春季(15.78%)、冬季(16.12%)、秋季(16.28%);非脂固体含量从低到高的顺序为:春季(9.83%)、夏季(10.02%)、秋季(10.15%)、冬季(10.21%)。季节对乳蛋白率有极显著影响(p0.01),从低到高的顺序为:春季(3.99%)、夏季(4.19%)、冬季(4.31%)、秋季(4.32%);季节对尿素氮的影响显著(p0.05),从低到高的顺序为:冬季(20.33mg/100 m L)、夏季(21.60 mg/100 m L)、春季(22.12mg/100 m L)、秋季(22.62 mg/100 m L);季节对体细胞数有显著影响(p0.05),从高到低的顺序为:夏季(42万个/m L)、春季(29万个/m L)、秋季(24万个/m L)、冬季(14万个/m L)。奶水牛对热应激的耐受力较强,但在夏季高温时仍表现出一定的热应激反应,奶水牛容易感染乳房炎。在奶水牛养殖中要注意防止热应激,饲料日粮配比要合理,注意环境卫生,防止乳房炎的发生。  相似文献   

9.
HPLC法测定猪血浆中帕托珠利的方法学建立   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
建立了HPLC法测定猪血浆中帕托珠利含量的方法。色谱柱为安捷伦ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相0.2%乙酸水溶液-乙腈(47∶53),柱温35℃,流速为1 m L/min,检测波长为250 nm。在本方法条件下,帕托珠利在0.1～10μg/m L浓度范围内线性关系良好(r0.999),检测限(LOD)为0.04μg/m L,定量限(LOQ)为0.1μg/m L,批内和批间回收率均大于90%,批内和批间精密度RSD均小于9%。本方法简单、准确、快速,可用于测定猪血浆中帕托珠利的含量。  相似文献   

10.
目的:建立酒石酸艾芬地尔注射液中的酒石酸艾芬地尔的含量测定方法.方法:采用C18色谱柱(4.6 mmX200 mm,5 μm),流动相为0.02mol/L磷酸二氢钾的0.1%三乙胺溶液(用磷酸调节pH至4.0)-甲醇(45:55),流速:1.0m1·min-t检测波长:275nm.结果酒石酸艾芬地尔的线性方程为A=133093+1714033 r=0.9999;酒石酸艾芬地尔的回收率为99.86%,RSD为0.61%.结论HPLC法准确、可靠、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于酒石酸艾芬地尔注射液的质量控制.  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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