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在20、25和30℃三个恒温与78%恒湿条件下,于室内比较了20代、80代的人工转染含沃尔巴克氏体的孤雌产雌品系和未感染的两性生殖品系松毛虫赤眼蜂的卵寄生数、羽化数、羽化率、成虫寿命、单雌产卵量,并对松毛虫赤眼蜂体内共生菌沃尔巴克氏体进行分子检测,以研究两个不同世代的孤雌产雌品系松毛虫赤眼蜂体内共生菌的遗传稳定性。结果表明,在20℃时,20代的孤雌产雌品系松毛虫赤眼蜂的羽化率低于两性品系松毛虫赤眼蜂;80代的孤雌产雌品系松毛虫赤眼蜂的羽化数和成虫寿命低于两性品系松毛虫赤眼蜂;在25℃时,80代的孤雌产雌品系松毛虫赤眼蜂的羽化率低于两性品系松毛虫赤眼蜂;其余温度条件下羽化数、羽化率、成虫寿命和单雌产卵量均无显著差异。在20和25℃时,两个不同世代的孤雌产雌品系松毛虫赤眼蜂羽化数、羽化率等指标均高于30℃时的孤雌产雌品系松毛虫赤眼蜂,但3个温度条件下各生物学指标差异均不显著。PCR分子检测显示20代和80代的孤雌产雌品系松毛虫赤眼蜂检测结果均为阳性。经室内数代繁殖生殖方式稳定。 相似文献
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为明确温度、遗传背景和雌蜂日龄对孤雌产雌松毛虫赤眼蜂生殖表型和Wolbachia滴度的影响,在22℃和29℃下处理两种遗传背景（彰武、西丰）的孤雌生殖松毛虫赤眼蜂,逐日统计子代蜂生殖表型指标（雄性比,间体率）、适合度指标（日产卵量,羽化率）和Wolbachia滴度。结果发现,29℃下子代蜂雄性比和间体率显著高于22℃处理的子代蜂,但29℃下雌蜂体内Wolbachia滴度和日产卵量均显著低于22℃处理的雌蜂。彰武种群雄性比显著高于西丰种群,但其日产卵量显著低于西丰种群。随母代蜂日龄增加,子代蜂雄性比和间体率均上升,但日产卵量和羽化率均下降。结果表明温度、遗传背景和日龄均影响孤雌产雌松毛虫赤眼蜂生殖表型。研究结果将为改善孤雌产雌赤眼蜂规模化繁育和田间应用提供参考。 相似文献
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胞内共生菌Wolbachia可诱导赤眼蜂产雌孤雌生殖,而高温可使感染Wolbachia的赤眼蜂产雄比例增加。本文以感染Wolbachia孤雌产雌生殖的食胚赤眼蜂Trichogramma embryophagum为材料,采用30℃和35℃高温处理卵、幼虫、预蛹、蛹和成虫等不同发育阶段的虫体,统计子代蜂发育历期、寄生数、羽化率和性比。结果表明,与25℃对照相比,高温缩短了子代蜂各发育阶段的历期,其中蛹、成虫和全世代历期显著缩短。处理的发育阶段和持续时间不同,子代的出雄率不同,而且随着处理时间的延长,对食胚赤眼蜂子代的寄生和羽化有一定的影响。基于高温处理后子代出雄率指标分析,F3代卵和幼虫经高温处理后代子代雄蜂比率最高,达到了20.54%和23.78%,明显高于预蛹期和蛹期处理的雄蜂率。结果表明,高温处理后感染Wolbachia的食胚赤眼蜂生殖方式改变的敏感发育阶段为卵期和幼虫期,本研究可为进一步揭示Wolbachia调控赤眼蜂生殖的机理提供理论参考。 相似文献
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实验室条件下以感染沃尔巴克氏体的引进种卷蛾赤眼蜂、食胚赤眼蜂、短管赤眼蜂为材料,比较分析3种赤眼蜂连续3代喂食抗生素后子代雄蜂率、寄生和羽化情况。除卷蛾赤眼蜂F2代外,取食四环素后3种赤眼蜂各世代寄生率均降低,其中食胚赤眼蜂的寄生率与对照相比明显下降;3种赤眼蜂间寄生率没有明显差异。随着取食抗生素世代的增加,3种赤眼蜂子代雄蜂率逐渐增大,短管赤眼蜂F1代开始出现雄蜂,F3代雄蜂率高达54.54%,明显高于卷蛾赤眼蜂（20.58%）和食胚赤眼蜂（13.94%）;食胚赤眼蜂3个世代羽化雄蜂率均最低,说明其产雌孤雌生殖方式比较稳定,较适合作为赤眼蜂种间沃尔巴克氏体水平人工转染的供体。 相似文献
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比较了采自梨小食心虫卵中的松毛虫赤眼蜂在不同温湿度下的发育历期、成蜂寿命以及平均单雌产卵量、子代雌蜂数。结果显示,不同温、湿度下,松毛虫赤眼蜂发育历期、成蜂寿命、子代雌蜂数量均存在差异。松毛虫赤眼蜂在18~30℃时的发育历期、成蜂寿命随温度的升高而缩短;相对湿度在55%以上时羽化率均在80%以上:高温、低湿条件明显影响松毛虫赤眼蜂成蜂寿命;子代雌蜂数量均在成蜂羽化的第1天达到高峰。随着时间延长,雌蜂数量减少。本研究结果表明,室内繁育梨小食心虫卵松毛虫赤眼蜂的适宜温度为22~28℃,RH55%最为合适。 相似文献
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对孤雌产雌的食胚赤眼蜂Trichogramma embryophagum Hartig进行25、28、30和35℃不同温度处理,统计F1、F2及F3代的寄生、羽化和性比,同时测定不同温度下食胚赤眼蜂对寄主米蛾卵的选择。结果表明,不同温度处理后,孤雌产雌食胚赤眼蜂的寄生数及雌蜂数随温度升高而下降,且随处理代数增加呈下降趋势。25~35℃下,单雌寄生数在F1代为64.3~69.6粒,而F3代在30和35℃仅为17.4和20.33粒。高温处理后,产雌孤雌生殖的食胚赤眼蜂出现雄蜂,雄蜂率随温度及处理代数增加而显著增加,在F2代35℃下雄蜂率达到了66.17%。温度对食胚赤眼蜂寄主选择有显著影响,在20~30℃寄主选择所用的时间随着温度的升高而缩短,与供试其他温度相比,30℃下赤眼蜂能够做出寄主选择且选择寄主的蜂数最多。研究结果为孤雌产雌赤眼蜂的生防应用提供理论指导。 相似文献
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芙新姬小蜂Neochrysocharis formosa是潜叶蝇类害虫的优势天敌。在中国已发现孤雌产雌品系(thelytokous strain)和两性品系(arrhenotokous strain)。以实验室连代饲养的芙新姬小蜂两种品系为研究对象,比较了两种品系在5个温度梯度(18、22、26、30和34℃)下未成熟期的生活史参数。结果表明:卵-幼虫历期、蛹历期和整个未成熟期均随温度升高而缩短;相同温度条件下,孤雌品系和两性品系雌蜂的未成熟期的发育历期,在18、22和30℃下均为孤雌品系显著短于两性品系,在26℃下,二者无显著差异,在34℃下则为前者显著长于后者;5个温度下,孤雌品系雌蜂个体大小和卵子数均分别显著低于两性品系雌蜂。综合分析表明,两种品系在未成熟期的生活史特征参数方面发生了较大程度的分化。 相似文献
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柞蚕卵繁育的松毛虫赤眼蜂已被用于防治多种鳞翅目害虫.为改善雌蜂对害虫的嗜好性,本研究以亚洲玉米螟卵、幼虫和雌蛾腹部提取液及正己烷对照溶液,在孤雌产雌品系和两性品系子代蜂幼期及羽化前期施加气味刺激,调查子代雌蜂对玉米螟卵的选择偏好.结果发现,对照组孤雌产雌品系雌蜂对玉米螟卵选择率显著高于两性品系;经提取液驯化的两性品系雌... 相似文献
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新疆棉铃虫赤眼蜂种系筛选—对温湿度的反应 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对采自新疆棉铃虫的2个暗黑赤眼蜂地理品纱和1个广赤眼蜂品系以及从乌孜别克斯坦引进的2个暗黑赤眼蜂地理品系进行了对温湿度反应的比较研究。各赤眼蜂种（系）后代性比之间的差异受温湿度组合的影响较小。同一种系中，雌蜂倾向于在较高温度下产更多的卵，达到更高的寄生率，但性比（雄／雌）随温度升高而增大。在高温（35℃）低温（45％）条件下，暗黑赤眼蜂吐鲁番品纱的后代中雌性所占比较最高，其羽化率和发育历期与最高的种（系）无显著差异，尽管其寄生率仅次于最高的暗黑赤眼蜂喀什种群。说明赤眼蜂吐鲁番种群最能适应新疆高温干旱的气候环境，是一比较好的侯选品系。 相似文献
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Christopher D. Keating Lindy M. Holden-Dye Robert J. Walker 《Pest management science》1996,46(3):263-266
The neuropeptide AF2 has a complex set of actions on the dorsal muscle strip of Ascaris suum, including a potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. Caffeine at 100 μm and 5 mm inhibited this potentiation, as did 100 μm theophylline in two out of six studies. The cyclic-AMP-potentiating compounds IBMX, dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin had no effect on the AF2-induced potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. These preliminary data suggest that the potentiating action of AF2 is not mediated by a cAMP pathway. 相似文献
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Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere. 相似文献
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棉花黄萎病菌致病型的AFLP分析 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
选用41个棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)代表菌系,在温室条件下,对4个棉花品种鄂荆1号(感)、中棉所12(耐)、文-5(抗)和唐棉2号(抗)进行致病性测定,结果可将供试菌系分为落叶型与非落叶型2类。选取8对AFLP引物PCR扩增的结果中,统计带型稳定、清晰且有多态性的条带,共169条作系统聚类分析,将上述菌系分为2大类,第一类为非落叶型菌系,包括10个非落叶型菌系和1个过渡菌系;第二类为30个落叶型菌系。根据聚类分析建立树状图,发现菌系与地理来源存在一定的相关性,而依据菌系致病力强弱分类则相关关系不大。选用25对EcoRⅠ和MseⅠ引物组合,对供试的41个V.dahliae进行AFLP扩增,筛选到2对引物E64(GACTGCGTACCAATTCGAC)、M53(GATGAGTCCTGAGTAACCG)和E49(GACTGCGTACCAATTCCAG)、M65(GAT-GAGTCCTGAGTAAGAG),能分别扩增出433bp和110bp2条仅为V.dahliae非落叶型菌系独有的特异片段,可将落叶型与非落叶型菌系分开,这2条特异片段被命名为EM433和EM110。 相似文献
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调查了甘肃省临洮县为害百合的地下害虫种类, 并以主要发生为害种类为供试对象, 采用拌土法测定了几种生物（源）农药对主要害虫的室内毒力和致死中时。调查发现小云斑鳃金龟Polyphylla gracilicornis、棕色鳃金龟Holotrichia titanis为主要发生及为害种类, 不同时间发生种类存在差异, 9月份以小云斑鳃金龟幼虫发生为害为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的66.16%, 平均种群密度为10.48头/m2, 10月份, 则以棕色鳃金龟幼虫发生为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的96.86%, 平均种群密度为7.79头/m2, 主要取食百合根系和鳞茎, 造成根系数量减少, 鳞茎出现不规则褐色缺口或凹陷斑。药剂筛选结果表明, 1.8%阿维菌素乳油、200亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌粉剂对两种蛴螬均具有较高的杀虫活性和速效性, 药后7 d时, 校正死亡率在82.22%以上, 对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫和棕色鳃金龟幼虫的LC50分别为0.161、0.060 mg/g和5.558×107、0.362×107孢子/g, LT50分别为2.237 d（2.2 mg/g）、1.393 d（2.2 mg/g）和6.645 d（40.0×107孢子/g）、4.940 d（2.0×107孢子/g）, 这两种生物（源）农药对两种蛴螬的LC50和LT50值均略大于两种化学农药25%二嗪磷乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油处理的, 且对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性均低于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性, 致死中时则长于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的致死中时。 相似文献
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The mode of action of the 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazoline acaricide/insecticide etoxazole has been argued to be moulting inhibition, but experimental results supporting this hypothesis are lacking. This study investigated the effect of etoxazole on chitin biosynthesis in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Etoxazole induced moulting defects in fall armyworm larvae similar, if not identical, to those caused by benzoylphenylureas, a well-known class of insecticidal chitin biosynthesis inhibitors. Furthermore, in contrast to untreated larvae, the chitin content in the integuments of larvae several days after treatment did not differ from that in freshly ecdysed individuals, thus suggesting strong chitin biosynthesis inhibition in vivo. A more detailed investigation of the inhibitory potential by incubating cultured integument pieces from larvae of S. frugiperda with [14C]N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, a radiolabelled chitin precursor, revealed I50 values of 2.95 and 0.071 microM for etoxazole and triflumuron respectively. The incorporation of radiolabel into potassium hydroxide-resistant material was inhibited by etoxazole in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these results, it is concluded that the acaricidal and insecticidal mode of action of etoxazole is chitin biosynthesis inhibition. 相似文献
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为了研究青稞种子外部和内部携带真菌情况,比较不同杀菌剂对青稞种子的带菌消毒效果和对幼苗生长的影响,为青稞种子播前包衣处理和种传真菌病害防控提供依据,采用离体平皿法对云南迪庆‘云青1号’、‘云青2号’和‘短白青稞’3个主栽品种进行带菌检测,并对种子进行拌种或浸种处理测定6种杀菌剂对种子消毒效果,分析杀菌剂对种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试青稞种子表面携带的优势菌群为青霉(Penicilliumspp.)、镰刀菌(Fusariumspp.);种子内部寄藏的真菌主要为镰刀菌、核腔菌(Pyrenophoraspp.)、附球菌(Epicoccumspp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)、链格孢(Alternariaspp.)和木霉(Trichoderma spp.)。青稞不同品种的种子表面及内部携带的真菌种类差异较大。致病性测定表明,镰刀菌对种子萌发和幼苗生长影响最大,后期出现幼苗坏死现象。45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP对青稞种子携带真菌均有显著抑制作用和消毒效果,50%福美双WP消毒效果最优,达100%;45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP处理对青稞种子发芽和幼苗生长均无显著影响。 相似文献
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Sj J. Gerbrandy 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(5):269-276
The variability of dormancy of sclerotia of ten isolates ofSclerotium cepivorum was investigated. Of all isolates tested, the freshly harvested sclerotia were dormant. After drying for 48 hours the sclerotia of six isolates were able to germinate, two isolates stayed dormant and two isolates were infested by hyperparasitic fungi. After storage in soil at 5°C or 20°C, the sclerotia of the different isolates exhibited considerable differences in respect to germination capability, but all isolates showed highest germination after a treatment of 8 weeks at 20°C followed by 8 weeks at 5°C. The sclerotia of all isolates showed an increased capacity to germinate withoutAllium extracts at 10°C after pretreatment at 30°C for 28 days. 相似文献
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Zahida Iqbal Syuntaro Hiradate Akio Noda Sei-Ichi Isojima Yoshiharu Fujii 《Weed Biology and Management》2002,2(2):110-115
The allelopathic potential of buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum ) was investigated. Field study showed that living buckwheat reduced weed biomass compared with plots without buckwheat. Laboratory study revealed that root exudates suppressed root and shoot growth of weeds and reduced weed dry weight. Sequential partitioning of the aqueous ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of buckwheat showed that the chloroform extract caused an 80% reduction in radicle elongation of lettuce seedlings at a concentration of less than 100 p.p.m. Fagomine, 4-piperidone and 2-piperidinemethanol were isolated and identified by 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance from the chloroform extract. These compounds caused a 50% inhibition of radicle elongation in lettuce seedlings at concentrations of less than 100 p.p.m. These results suggest that compounds 1, 2, and 3 might act as allelochemicals and affect the growth or germination of different plant species. 相似文献