共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
复合育种值是根据家畜个体本身、祖先、同胞及后裔的性能资料，采用估计育种值的方法计算所得。利用宁夏地区某牛场14头荷斯坦奶牛及其各种亲属（母亲、同胞、女儿）的产奶量对其产奶量复合育种值进行了计算，并根据复合育种值的高低对所选14头奶牛进行了排序，其中9号、13号、8号及12号奶牛具有较高的复合育种值，分别为6611．78、6519．58、6511．78和6506．08kg。据调查，此种排列与实际生产中表现相一致。因此，复合育种值为奶牛选种选配提供了重要依据，在家畜育种生产中具有重要的实践意义。 相似文献
2.
黑白花奶牛综合选择指数的制订与应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正> 应用数量遗传学原理制定一个奶牛多性状选择标准。对于提高奶牛选种效果有着重要意义。为此,我们在江西农业大学牧医系老师帮助下,制定了一个“4%标准奶与外貌评分两个不相关性状的选择指数”,并依据指数对183头(一、三、五胎次)奶牛进行了排队,今将结果与应用情况报告如下。 相似文献
3.
总性能指数(Total Performance Index,TPI)是美国奶牛育种中对荷斯坦牛进行遗传评估的综合选择指数。本文主要介绍了TPI公式的演变过程及其优越性,并对国外奶牛育种目标的发展变化进行了简述,为中国荷斯坦牛的育种工作提供了参考和学习资料。 相似文献
4.
北美奶牛育种指数变化及进展情况分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国奶牛》2016,(7)
总性能指数(Total Performance Index,TPI)和终身效益指数(Lifetime Profit Index,LPI)分别是美国和加拿大奶牛育种中对荷斯坦牛进行遗传评估的选择指数。本文主要通过分析TPI和LPI公式各性状指数变化及对美国TPI遗传增量的变化情况,来对北美奶牛育种目标的发展变化及遗传进展情况进行简述,为中国荷斯坦公牛及牧场奶牛育种工作提供一些参考和借鉴。 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
贵州省铜仁地区迪佳奶牛场于２０００年２月从浙江省引进奶牛２０头，据卖方称全部奶牛均已配上且处于妊娠期。１基本概况奶牛到达铜仁市以后，在奶牛场技术人员的精心饲养下，２０００年４月１５日开始产下第１头牛犊，其它奶牛也开始陆续产犊。但是１３号、１７号奶牛却未见妊娠表现，后经奶牛场人工授精技术员检查后，发现２头奶牛的卵巢发育不良，建议淘汰这２头奶牛，作为肉牛。后来在贵州大学黄教授指导下，我们对２头奶牛进行检查，发现１３号、１７号奶牛情况类似，左右卵巢发生实质性病变，我们对１３号奶牛进行直检发现，右卵巢近… 相似文献
8.
最佳线性无偏预测（BLUP）是评定畜禽种用价值的一种先进方法，将选择指数法和最小二乘估计方法有机结合，解决了选择指数法存在的问题。自20世纪70年代以来，BLUP法已在奶牛、肉牛、猪、羊及家禽的遗传改良中得到了广泛应用。本文主要就BLUP法的研究进展及相关问题进行综述、讨论，供参考。 相似文献
9.
不同选择指数对中国荷斯坦种公牛综合育种值排名的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究旨在探讨包含不同性状的综合选择指数对荷斯坦种公牛排队的影响。收集了全国199个牛场的664 284头荷斯坦牛产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳脂量、乳蛋白量、体细胞数以及35 281头荷斯坦牛的体型性状。然后采用多性状动物模型BLUP法预测生产性状和体型性状的育种值,计算3种不同综合选择指数下47头种公牛的综合育种值,并对其排队进行了比较。结果显示,使用包含产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、体细胞评分4个性状的综合选择指数（TMI1）和包含乳脂量、乳蛋白量、体细胞评分3个性状的综合选择指数（TMI2）对公牛的排队一致性很高,秩相关为0.94;只包含生产性状的综合选择指数（TMI1、TMI2）和加入了体型性状的综合选择指数（TMI3）对公牛的排队差异很大,秩相关分别为0.76和0.67。这些结果提示,乳脂量、乳蛋白量可以替代产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率纳入综合选择指数,体型性状进入综合选择指数对评价种公牛综合遗传素质具有重要作用。 相似文献
10.
各国奶牛群体的选育目标建立之后,选育目标一直在不断发展,选择指数中性状的组成、定义和权重等都在不断变化。奶牛的选育是从关注产奶性能而开始,随后增加了体型外貌性状。由于奶牛的健康和繁殖问题的增加以及社会对动物福利的不断关注,20世纪末,世界范围内平衡育种理念在奶牛育种中逐渐形成,一些重要的功能性状加入各国的选择指数中;进入21世纪后,随着奶牛养殖业和社会的发展,育种家们开始关注和研究更多的性状,部分新性状已经开始在育种实践中选育应用。本文通过整理奶牛育种中有关新性状的研究并收集各国奶牛选育方案中的相关信息,综述了近十年奶业发达国家在奶牛遗传选育中正在研究或已经开始应用的新性状,并将这些新性状分为生产效率相关的新性状、应对环境挑战的新性状、健康福利相关的新性状、产品和加工相关的新性状及管理相关的新性状五大类,总结了这些性状的选育背景、定义方法、遗传基础和选育应用情况等,最后还总结了奶牛育种中新性状的研究应用过程,以期为我国奶牛遗传育种研究和育种目标完善提供一定的借鉴。 相似文献
11.
12.
13.
本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
14.
魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
15.
Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
16.
17.
以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
18.
乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
19.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献