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鸡的体型参数与鸡肉风味因子的相关性研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文对AA鸡、京白鸡、新浦东滩浦东鸡和土杂鸡四种不同类型鸡的鸡肉风味因子和体型参数的测定结果进行了深入的研究。结果表明：鸡的胸角，胸宽、胸深与绝大多数鸡肉风味因子呈显著（P＜0．05）或极显著（P＜0．01）的相关关系。活体重和体斜长也和部分风味因子呈显著或极显著的相关关系。 相似文献
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土杂鸡肌肉风味的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对３０只土杂鸡和ＡＡ鸡，京白鸡，新浦东鸡的肌肉品质的全面分析，揭示了土杂鸡肉质优于其他鸡种的主要原因是由于土杂的肌间面积比较大，肌小节长度较大，红肌纤维含量较高，亚油酸和亚麻酸的含量较高。 相似文献
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能动过ＡＡ、京白、新浦东和土杂鸡各３０只（公母各半，共１２０只）８个血液理化指标及主要经济性状的分析知道：鸡的类型不同血液成分存在差异；血液理化指标与部分活 、屠体的经济性状存在着显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）或极显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）的相关。 相似文献
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本研究旨在探讨日粮蛋白质水平对30～60日龄的云南部分地方鸡肉品质的影响.选取平均体重接近的云南茶花鸡、武定鸡、盐津乌鸡为试验对象,以土杂鸡和从肉鸡做对照,各品种鸡96只,随机分为3组,分别饲喂3种不同的蛋白质水平日粮(CP水平分别为17.50%、18.00%和19.50%).试验结果表明:(1)品种对鸡肌肉组织学特性的影响差异显著(P＜0.05),地方鸡的肌纤维直径显著低于土杂鸡和AA肉鸡,肌纤维密度则相反.(2)日粮对肌肉组织学特性的影响不大(P＞0.05),但日粮Ⅱ的胸肌肌纤维直径和密度略高于其他两个日粮.(3)鸡肉胸肌理化特性在不同品种同差异显著(P＜0.05),地方鸡尤其是荼花鸡嫩度显著高于土杂鸡和从肉鸡(P＜0.05).(4)饲喂高蛋白质水平日粮的鸡肉品质优于低蛋白质水平日粮的,但差异不显著(P＞0.05).综上所述,地方鸡的肌肉品质优于AA肉鸡和土杂鸡,随着日粮蛋白质水平的提高,肉质有改善的趋势. 相似文献
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浦东鸡是上海地区特有的地方家禽遗传资源，2006年列入《国家遗传资源保护名录》，具有肉质鲜美的优点〔1〕。近几年随着市场上对优质肉鸡的需求日趋旺盛，针对改良型浦东鸡肉品质的研究也逐步增多。肌肉嫩度是反映肌肉品质的一个重要方面，主要由肌肉组织学（肌纤维直径、密度）和肌肉剪切力来反映〔2〕。本试验选择仙居鸡、石岐杂鸡2个地方品种鸡与浦东鸡杂交，放置于林荫下和舍内2种环境条件中饲养，通过测定鸡的肌纤维直径、密度和肌肉剪切力，来研究不同饲养方式对浦东鸡杂交F1代肌肉嫩度的影响。 相似文献
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鸡的性别和屠体部位对鸡肉风味的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对四个类型鸡的鸡肉风味与性别、屠体部位的相关性研究表明 :性别和部位对鸡肉风味有明显的影响 ;各风味因素的腿部效应值大部分为正值 ,且极显著 (P <0 .0 1)大于胸部效应值 ;公鸡效应值大部分为正值 ,且极显著大于母鸡效应值 ;在性别与部位的交互作用中 ,土杂鸡的公鸡效应值大部分大于其它鸡 ;从而可知 ,土杂鸡中的公鸡肉质风味是最好的 相似文献
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品种和日龄对鸡肉滋味呈味物及香味前体物含量的影响 总被引：22，自引：2，他引：20
比较不同日龄石歧黄鸡和AA肉鸡滋味呈味物及香味前体物含量差异。如果表明:日龄对鸡风味相关物含量有显著影响,随着日龄的增加,鸡肉pH值及游离氨基酸、硫胺素含量显著降低(P<0 05),而DM、CP、肌苷酸及其相关物含量显著增加(P<0 05)。品种对鸡肉DM、EE、脂肪酸、游离氨基酸、还原糖、肌苷酸等物质含量具有显著影响(P<0 05),石歧黄鸡游离氨基酸含量显著低于AA肉鸡(P<0 05),其余指标均显著高于AA肉鸡(P<0 05)。在DM、CP及游离氨基酸等指标上观测到日龄与品种的互作效应(P<0 05)。 相似文献
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本研究通过检测鸡NLRC5基因编码区域单核苷酸多态位点,以期分析与免疫性状相关的遗传标记。采用PCR-SSCP方法对3个鸡品种NLRC5基因编码区SNPs进行检测,仅在外显子8区域发现多态位点,其中在文昌鸡中检测到AA、BB和AB 3种基因型,如皋鸡中检测到AA和AB 2种基因型,安卡鸡中仅存在AA基因型。序列分析结果显示,NLRC5基因外显子8存在G43A同义突变。测定部分免疫性状,分析不同鸡品种之间以及不同基因型与免疫性状间的关联性,结果表明:安卡鸡H/L值、ND抗体滴度、IL-1浓度均显著高于如皋鸡和文昌鸡(P0.05),AI抗体滴度极显著低于其他2个品种(P0.01),如皋鸡SBRC抗体滴度最高,但3个品种之间差异不显著(P0.05);不同基因型同免疫性状之间,AA型个体各项性状值均优于AB和BB型个体,但是差异不显著(P0.05)。综合分析,中国地方品种文昌鸡、如皋鸡的抗性优于安卡鸡种,AA型可能是NLRC5基因在机体免疫应答能力的有利基因型。 相似文献
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A.J. Buitenhuis T.B. Rodenburg M. Siwek M.G.B. Nieuwland M.A.M. Groenen H. Bovenhuis 《Livestock Production Science》2005,93(1):95-103
The detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) of behavioural traits has mainly been focussed on mouse and rat. With the rapid development of molecular genetics and the statistical tools, QTL mapping for behavioural traits in farm animals is developing. In chicken, a total of 30 QTL involved in pecking-related traits, open-field behaviour, tonic immobility, response to novel objects, and response to a restraint test were detected in different studies. In the search for a useful early predictor for feather pecking (FP) behaviour in adult laying hens, the following was found: FP in young animals is not a predictor for FP in adult animals, however, open-field behaviour in young animals is genetically correlated with FP in adult hens. Before the implementation of FP behaviour or open-field behaviour in breeding programmes, it is essential to know more about the correlation between these behavioural traits and also their relationship with production traits. Nevertheless, with the QTL for behavioural traits and the chicken genome sequence in progress, a better understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms of behavioural traits will be feasible. 相似文献
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三个鸡品系的遗传差异与杂种优势关系的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用RAPD标记分析了武定鸡快羽系、绿壳蛋系和合成系间的遗传差异,进行了三个鸡品系间的杂交试验,并应用简单的线性相关分析了遗传距离指数与杂种优势的关系。分析结果表明快羽系与绿壳蛋系间的遗传差异较小,而快羽系与合成系间的遗传差异较大。品系间遗传距离指数与F1代各性状观察值均为正相关,但相关不显著;与杂种优势率之间也均为正相关,但只与13周龄存活率、种蛋受精率有显著的相关关系。表明RAPD标记在预测杂种优势上具有一定参考价值。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT1. The survivability, innate and adaptive immunity, growth and production traits up to 72 weeks of age were determined in Ghagus, Nicobari (unimproved indigenous) and White Leghorn (WLH) breeds and the study investigated links between innate and adaptive immunity and survivability and production traits.2. At 20 and 40 weeks of age, there was a significant effect of breed on innate immunity assessed by measuring titres of natural antibody (NAb) binding to rabbit red blood cells (RRBC) and adaptive immunity assessed by measuring specific antibody titre (SpAb) to Newcastle disease virus.3. Highest survivability was in WLH (91.6%) followed by Nicobari (87.1%) and Ghagus (82.9%) breeds. Growth traits at different ages were higher (P< 0.001) in Ghagus followed by WLH and Nicobari breeds. Egg production up to 72 weeks was higher (P < 0.001) in WLH followed by Nicobari and Ghagus breeds, whereas egg weight at different ages was higher (P < 0.001) in WLH than Ghagus and Nicobari breeds.4. NAb titres measured at 20 weeks were significantly (P = 0.002) associated with the survivability of hens during 20 to 72 weeks of age. Breed-wise analysis showed a significant (P = 0.019) association between NAb titres at 20 weeks and survivability in the Ghagus breed. Furthermore, NAb titres at 20 weeks were higher in hens which survived to 72 weeks compared with those that died (P = 0.002).5. Measuring NAb titres to RRBC is quick, economical and simple. This method has potential to be used in a breeding programme to increase survivability of laying hens. 相似文献
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G. Minozzi J.P. Bidanel F. Minvielle B. Bed'Hom D. Gourichon Y. Baumard M.H. Pinard-van der Laan 《Livestock Science》2008,119(1-3):221-228
Crossbreeding parameters of immune response traits were estimated from a set of well characterized crossbred populations derived from three chicken lines selected over 12 generations for three different general immune response traits and their F1, F2 and backcrosses. The three traits investigated were the selection criteria from each of the lines, i.e. antibody response to the Newcastle disease virus vaccine 3 weeks after vaccination (ND3), cell-mediated immune response (response to phytohemagglutinin, PHA) and phagocytic activity measured as carbon clearance (CC). Crossbreeding parameters included direct and maternal additive line effects, direct and maternal heterosis as well as direct epistatic recombination loss. They were estimated as linear combinations of genetic group effects estimated using animal model methodology. Significant line differences were obtained for ND3 and, to a lesser extent, CC. They were mainly due to direct effects, maternal effects being significant for none of the 3 traits. Significantly negative direct heterosis effects were also observed for ND3 and CC, but not for PHA. Maternal heterosis effects were not estimated for CC. They were non significant for PHA, and negative and significant (− 0.78 ± 0.24) for ND3. The significant favourable recombination gain estimated for ND3 (3.21 ± 0.88) indicates that epistatic interactions could be important for this trait.The present work shows that it was worthwhile to complete second generation crosses to be able to assess to what extent immunity gained by selection is maintained in advanced crossbred generations, and to compare the transmission of immune traits implicated in different aspects of immunity. 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2019,(12)
为深入了解家禽肉品质性状形成的分子机制,本实验测定金茅黑鸡胸肌的肉品质,利用RNA-seq技术进行转录组测序,分析转录组基因表达量与肉品质性状间的关联性。结果显示:与金茅黑鸡14周龄肉色显著相关的基因5个,pH57个,剪切力33个,系水力17个;PLEKHS1、MUC等基因为影响肉色的候选基因,LHX9、SPDEF、GRXCR1等基因为系水力的候选基因,NPY、POMC、FGF20、MGAT4C和GUK1基因为影响肌肉pH的候选基因,EDAR基因和HS6ST3基因为肌肉剪切力的主要候选基因;功能分析发现这些基因在调节肌肉纤维、肌间脂肪沉积、脂类代谢、糖代谢过程和磷酸二酯酶水解等方面发挥重要作用,进而影响胸肌肌肉品质的形成。 相似文献
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Genetic correlations between lean growth and litter traits in U.S. Yorkshire,Duroc, Hampshire,and Landrace pigs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The objective of this study was to estimate breed-specific genetic correlations between lean growth and litter traits for four U.S. swine breeds. Records for lean growth and litter traits on Yorkshire, Duroc, Hampshire, and Landrace pigs collected between 1990 and April 2000 in herds on the National Swine Registry Swine Testing and Genetic Evaluation System were analyzed. A bivariate animal model and restricted maximum likelihood procedures were used to estimate genetic and environmental correlations between lean growth rate, days to 113.5 kg, backfat, and loin muscle area with litter traits of number born alive, litter weight at 21 d, and number weaned. Most genetic correlation estimates between lean growth and litter traits were small in magnitude and consistent across breeds. Backfat had the largest within-breed genetic correlations with number born alive (0.18 to 0.20) and litter weight at 21 d (-0.27 to -0.30). Estimates of genetic correlations between lean growth traits and number weaned were very small. Estimates of the environmental correlations between lean growth and litter traits also were very small for all traits and for all four breeds. Results indicate that selection for lean growth traits could have a long-term effect on litter traits. Including lean growth traits in a maternal-line evaluation using a multiple-trait model could increase the accuracy of the genetic evaluation for litter traits. 相似文献
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家蚕中赤蚁(sch)和油蚕(od)基因对数量性状影响的遗传分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
应用家蚕BC1世代数据 ,按标记基因型重新组合成 4种类型 ,以消除标记基因型间的差异。在 4种重新组合类型中就赤蚁 (sch)和油蚕 (od)基因对茧长、全茧量和茧层量等 3种数量性状的作用进行了遗传分析 ,发现这 2种质量性状基因对茧长的影响是由与茧长主基因相连锁的连锁效应引起的 ,而sch对全茧量和茧层量可能产生减效作用。F和t测验表明 ,这 2种数量性状值在 4种基因组合类型间无论是方差比值还是平均数都达到显著或极显著水平 ,所以可认为其差异是标记基因型差异所导致的结果 相似文献
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ABSTRACT1. Generating a robust egg albumen is one of the major factors contributing to interior egg quality owing to its nutritive value and superior appearance. However, the genetic factors regulating the proportion of thick albumen are poorly understood.2. In this study, 1330 eggs were collected from 450 Rhode Island White layers, aged 40 weeks, to measure egg compositional traits for three successive days. The restricted maximum likelihood method was applied to estimate genetic parameters for the thick-to-thin albumen ratio and other egg compositional traits. A univariate animal model was fitted to calculate heritability for each trait.3. The heritabilities of egg weight, yolk weight, albumen height, Haugh units, percentages of yolk, thick albumen, thin albumen and the thick-to-thin albumen ratio were 0.32, 0.34, 0.28, 0.47, 0.61, 0.39, 0.31, and 0.45, respectively. The percentage of thick albumen was negatively correlated genetically with all traits, and percentage of thin albumen was negatively correlated genetically with all traits except for Haugh units. The thick-to-thin albumen ratio was positively correlated genetically with egg weight, albumen height and Haugh units, with correlations ranging from 0.21 to 0.54.4. The results indicated that the percentage of thick albumen and the thick-to-thin albumen ratio were found to be moderately to highly heritable, and selection for the thick-to-thin albumen ratio could be conducive to the improvement of egg albumen quality. 相似文献
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为保护贵州地区倒毛鸡的种质资源和遗传多样性,研究其生长性能和肉用价值,试验对倒毛鸡的生物学特性、屠宰性能及肉品质进行了测定。结果表明:倒毛鸡的蛋重为(42.75±2.18)g,孵化率约为75%。倒毛鸡在0日龄时,公、母鸡之间的体重差异不显著(P0.05),30日龄后差异达显著水平(P0.05),180日龄平均体重公鸡为1 776.12 g、母鸡为1 455.68 g,差异显著(P0.05)。180日龄腹脂率母鸡高于公鸡,而活重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌重、腿肌重、屠宰率、全净膛率、腿肌率等性状指标公鸡优于母鸡,差异均显著(P0.05);其他性状指标在性别间差异不显著。公、母鸡腿肌p H值和剪切力均高于胸肌,失水率低于胸肌,公、母鸡之间差异均不显著(P0.05)。品尝实验显示,倒毛鸡肉质细嫩、味道鲜美,比普通土鸡更受欢迎。结论:倒毛鸡具有较好的肉用性能,有较大开发价值和发展前景。 相似文献