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[目的]为了对大额牛与其他物种间分子系统进化研究以及为大额牛群体遗传资源评价、保护与开发利用提供理论依据.[方法]本研究依据普通牛溶菌酶(lysozyme, LYZ)基因已知序列设计引物,用PCR的方法扩增并测定了大额牛LYZ基因的编码区核苷酸序列(444 bp),并与GenBank 上8个物种相应基因编码区核苷酸序列进行比对分析.[结果]大额牛与普通牛、人、猪、家鼠、沟鼠、猊猴、鸡、斑马鱼各物种在LYZ基因编码区核苷酸序列上同源性大小分别为99.3%、76.6%、 79.4%、81.8%、71.3%、68.2%、58.9%、50.5%,并分别采用邻接法(NJ)和最大简约法(MP)构建了大额牛与其他物种间分子进化树,并得到了基本一致的拓扑结构.系统发育分析发现大额牛与普通牛首先聚为一类,再与其他物种聚为一类.该系统聚类结果与动物学分类一致,表明LYZ基因适合于构建不同物种间系统进化树.[结论]本研究为进一步探索大额牛与近缘物种间分子进化,阐明大额牛的真正起源奠定一定实验基础. 相似文献
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群体生存力分析在大额牛保种中的应用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
由于外来种的大量引进和杂交利用,我国地方畜禽品种资源受到严重威胁,一些品种已濒临灭绝。本文以大额牛为例,在国内外首次用群体生存力方法模拟分析该珍稀牛种资源的生存过程和系统压力及遗传等影响因素。结果表明,大额牛目前的状况很危险,按现在的生存状况,群体平均灭绝时间为52～78年。除非采取轮回交配制度、降低死亡率、减少灾害发生频率、合理的公母畜交配比例等措施。在畜禽遗传资源保护行动中,不仅需从遗传本身考虑,正确解决系统压力问题更重要。 相似文献
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独龙牛又名大额牛，在动物学上的分类属于脊椎动物门偶蹄目牛亚科准野牛属，其分类学名为Bibosfrontalis。原产于云南省贡山县的独龙江流域，是当地世居的独龙族人民智慧和勤劳的结晶，目前怒江流域也有少量存栏。据调查统计，2007年独龙牛存栏由20世纪70年代末发现时的79头，发展到了1200头左右，其中能繁公牛20头，能繁母牛1000头。遗传多样性是生物多样性的重要组成部分之一，是生物长期以来积累的宝贵财富，同时也是生物进化的物质基础， 相似文献
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由于外来种的大量引进和杂交利用，我国地方畜禽品种资源受到严重威胁，一些品种已濒临灭绝。本文以大额牛为例，在国内外首次用群体生存力方法模拟分析该珍稀牛种资源的生存过程和系统压力及遗传等影响因素。结果表明，大额牛目前的状况很危险，按现在的生存状况，群体平均灭绝时间为52～78年。除非采取轮回交配制度、降低死亡率、减少灾害发生频率、合理的公母畜交配比例等措施。在畜禽遗传资源保护行为中，不仅需从遗传本身考虑，正确解决系统压力问题更重要。 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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