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对奶牛急性乳腺炎病原菌进行了分离和鉴定,鉴定出致病菌是金黄色葡萄球菌和B群无乳链球菌.用平皿二倍稀释法测定了克林霉素等12种药物对临床分离的16株金黄色葡萄球菌和10株无乳链球菌的MIC.结果显示,金黄色葡萄球菌和无乳链球菌对克林霉素敏感.临床疗效试验结果表明,克林霉素组的治愈率与感染对照组比较差异极显著(P＜0.01),克林霉素组治愈率、有效率与其它对照组比较差异显著(P＜0.05),表明克林霉素对奶牛乳腺炎病的治疗有很好的疗效. 相似文献
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旨在研究奶牛隐性乳房炎导致产奶量下降和乳成分的变化.使用气相色谱仪测定57头荷斯坦奶牛(其中32头患隐性乳房炎)乳中脂肪酸组分,比较正常乳和隐性乳房炎乳中脂肪酸的组分.结果表明:共检出21种脂肪酸,隐性乳房炎乳中棕榈油酸(C16:1)的含量高于正常乳,其他20种脂肪酸均低于正常乳,其中有9种显著低于正常乳(P<0.05),2种极显著低于正常乳(P<0.01);隐性乳房炎降低了牛奶中脂肪酸的总含量及饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸的含量;隐性乳房炎乳中饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸的百分比高于正常乳,多不饱和脂肪酸的百分比则低于正常乳.结果提示,隐性乳房炎影响奶牛脂肪酸合成过程,改变了脂肪酸的组分. 相似文献
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饱和脂肪酸对高温环境条件下泌乳中期奶牛产奶性能及牛奶脂肪酸组成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文旨在研究饱和脂肪酸对高温环境条件下泌乳中期奶牛产奶性能和牛奶中脂肪酸组成的影响.选择产后150～210 d的中国荷斯坦奶牛48头,根据产奶量、分娩时间和胎次分为对照组(SFA 0)、1.5%(SFA 1.5)和3.0%(SFA 3.0)饱和脂肪酸试验组.试验期间牛舍最小湿热指数(THI)在72以上.试验结果,日粮添加饱和脂肪酸提高4%乳脂校正产奶量(P＜0.05),SFA 1.5与SFA 3.0脂肪组之间差异不显著(P＞0.05).乳脂和总固形物含量,SFA 3.0组高于对照组(P＜0.05),SFA 1.5组与对照组和SFA 3.0组间差异均不显著(P＞0.05).乳蛋白、乳糖、乳尿素氮和乳中体细胞评分各组间差异均不显著(P＞0.05).日粮添加饱和脂肪酸的量对乳脂和乳总固形物呈线性增加(P＜0.05),对乳蛋白的含量呈二次曲线增加(P＜0.05).中链、长链、长链不饱和、总不饱和、t10c12CLA、总饱和脂肪酸、长链不饱和与总不饱和脂肪酸的比例各组间差异均不显著(P＞0.05).SFA 3.0组短链脂肪酸低于对照组(P＜0.01)和SFA1.5组(P＜0.05),SFA 1.5组与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05).日粮添加饱和脂肪酸呈线性降低乳中短链脂肪酸含量(P=0.03)和c9t11CLA含量(P＜0.01),SFA 0、SFA1.5和SFA 3.0组乳中c9t11CLA含量分别为0.72、0.64和0.55 g/100 g脂肪.结果表明,泌乳中期热应激奶牛日粮添加饱和脂肪酸可显著提高产奶量、乳脂率和乳中总固形物含量;对乳中脂肪酸组成无明显影响;c9t11CLA含量显著降低,但仍在正常范围之内. 相似文献
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该研究考察了不同相对分子质量的壳聚糖对奶牛乳房炎致病菌的体外抑菌效果,以壳聚糖和聚维酮碘为主效消毒成分研制奶牛乳头保护膜药浴剂,分别使用壳聚糖乳头保护膜药浴剂(左乳区,试验组)和聚维酮碘药浴剂(右乳区,对照组)对奶牛乳头进行药浴,通过乳中营养成分、体细胞数(SCC)及体细胞评分(SCS)、隐性乳房炎发病率等指标评价壳聚糖乳头保护膜的使用效果。结果表明,相对分子质量为50×10~3的壳聚糖对6种致病菌的抑菌效果最好;且在乳头保护膜中添加1.00%的壳聚糖后,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌的抑菌效果要显著大于未添加组(P0.05);乳区试验结果表明,试验28 d后试验组和对照组之间的乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖含量、总固体含量和SCC、SCS差异不显著,28 d时,试验组和对照组隐性乳房炎的发病率分别为9.38%和14.58%,此外试验组14 d的SCC显著低于0 d(P0.05),而对照组的差异不显著。表明壳聚糖乳头保护膜药浴剂可有效地预防奶牛乳房炎。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2017,(21)
为了研究乳腺炎家兔血清中抗氧化酶类活性和急性期蛋白含量的变化,试验采用复制乳腺炎病例的方法对金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)性乳腺炎家兔血清中抗氧化酶类活性和急性期蛋白含量进行研究。结果表明:试验组家兔血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)在乳腺接种金黄色葡萄球菌后均呈现先降低后升高的趋势,部分时间点试验组与对照组比较差异极显著(P0.01);试验组丙二醛(MDA)含量在乳腺接种金黄色葡萄球菌后极显著升高(P0.01),血清淀粉样蛋白(SAA)和C反应蛋白(CRP)含量在乳腺接种金黄色葡萄球菌后也极显著升高(P0.01)。说明家兔发生金黄色葡萄球菌乳腺炎后对机体氧化/抗氧化系统、血清急性期蛋白有明显影响。 相似文献
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为探讨乳黄消口服液滋阴、扶正及祛邪的功效,本研究观察乳黄消口服液对阴虚模型大鼠临床症状、饮食量、饮水量、体重、胸腺指数、脾脏指数、总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T_3)、总甲状腺素(T_4)和促甲状腺激素(TSH)含量的影响,以及对小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能及对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌和副乳房链球菌抑制作用的影响。结果显示,试验组大鼠在乳黄消口服液给药后精神正常,易抓取,但被毛光泽仍较差,有脱毛现象,大便正常。与模型组相比,试验组大鼠体重(P0.05)、胸腺指数(P0.05)、脾脏指数(P0.05)、TSH含量(P0.05)上升,饮食量(P0.05)、T_3(P0.05)、T_4含量(P0.05)下降,但均与阴性对照组差异不显著(P0.05);与模型组相比,试验组大鼠饮水量显著下降(P0.05),但仍显著高于阴性对照组(P0.05)。乳黄消口服液给药后高、中、低剂量组与阴性对照组间吞噬指数均差异显著(P0.05),乳黄消口服液高、中剂量组与阴性对照组相比吞噬百分比差异显著(P0.05);乳黄消口服液对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌及副乳房链球菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为12.50、1.56、0.20和0.39 mg/mL。综上所述,乳黄消口服液可改善大鼠阴虚临床症状,增强巨噬细胞吞噬功能,抑制奶牛乳房炎主要病原菌,具滋阴、扶正和祛邪的功效,可用于奶牛乳房炎的治疗。 相似文献
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张宏志 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2018,(9)
正引起奶牛乳腺炎的重要病原体有无乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌等。细菌一旦侵入奶牛乳腺就会迅速增殖,乳腺炎的发生取决于细菌在乳房内繁殖的能力。奶牛患乳腺炎将严重影响牛奶的产量和品质。预防措施包括选择优良体型和体质的奶牛、减少对奶牛乳头的损伤、保持挤奶环境卫生、挤奶员挤奶操作正确、挤奶前后对乳头药浴等。1传播途径无乳链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌主要在挤奶时经乳头管进入乳房,而大肠杆菌则在非挤奶时间感染。尽管上述细菌都能 相似文献
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Hoedemaker M Korff B Edler B Emmert M Bleckmann E 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2001,48(5):373-383
The effect of an autogenous vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus on S. aureus prevalence and mastitis, as well as on somatic cell count (SCC), was studied in a dairy herd with a high prevalence of S. aureus. The vaccination group (n = 35; 22 cows and 13 heifers) and the control group (n = 36; 23 cows and 13 heifers) received the vaccine or a placebo, respectively, according to the following protocol: all animals: basic immunization (twice, 3 weeks apart); cows: booster dose at the time of drying off, 5 and 2 weeks before calculated calving date; heifers: booster dose 2 and 5 weeks before calculated calving date. The vaccine or the placebo was administered subcutaneously in the area of the supramammary lymph nodes. Quarter milk samples were collected monthly and subjected to SCC and bacteriological evaluation. At this time, the animals were also checked for signs of clinical mastitis. Non-clinical S. aureus mastitis diagnoses were based on udder quarter SCC and a positive S. aureus culture. In order to compare the SCC in individual whole milk samples, records from the monthly milk quality testing were evaluated. Cow and udder quarter prevalence of S. aureus intramammary infections calculated for the experimental animals and quarters, respectively, did not differ between groups. However, during the lactation period following the boostcr dose, the prevalence of S. aureus increased in both groups (P < 0.05). The cumulative incidence of various mastitis diagnoses (clinical, subclinical, latent infection) due to S. aureus on an animal basis did not differ between groups. On an udder quarter basis, the cumulative incidence of subclinical mastitis was higher in vaccinated animals than in control animals (33.8 versus 26.0%; P < 0.05). This was mainly due to a higher cumulative incidence of subclinical mastitis in vaccinated than control heifers. The SCC in composite milk samples did not differ between groups, but increased as lactation progressed. The herd prevalence of S. aureus differed considerably throughout the study period, but declined consistently to below 10% at the end of the study period. Recent herd checks revealed a prevalence of S aureus infections of < 5%. It is concluded that the autogenous bacterin tested in this study did not have the desired effect on the prevalence of S. aureus infections and mastitis or SCC. The decline in S. aureus prevalence was very probably due to other factors than specific immunization against S. aureus. 相似文献
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Takahashi H Komatsu T Hodate K Horino R Yokomizo Y 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2005,52(1):32-37
Summary The effect of intramammary injection of recombinant bovine interleukin-8 (rbIL-8, 1 mg/10 ml of saline) on quarter milk levels of somatic cell count (SCC), chemiluminescence (CL) activity and counts of total bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was investigated, using 10 Holstein cows with an early stage or a late stage of subclinical mastitis naturally infected with S. aureus. In the late-stage group, milk SCC and CL activity had significant rises with maximum levels at 6 h, following maintained high levels thereafter post-cytokine injection. The counts in milk total bacteria and S. aureus were insignificantly decreased, being increased back on day 7 post-cytokine injection. Thus, the cytokine was inefficient for the late-stage subclinical mastitis. However, in the early-stage group milk SCC and CL activity declined to under pre-injection levels on day 7 after marked and significant rises at 6 h and day 1 post-cytokine injection. The milk total bacterial count decreased significantly on days 0.25 and 2. Furthermore, the milk S. aureus count was decreased significantly on days 1, 2, 3 and 7 by the cytokine injection. These results suggest that the rbIL-8 has a potential as a therapeutic agent of the subclinical mastitis of dairy cows, if the cytokine is applied at an initial stage of infection. 相似文献
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饲粮中添加黄花蒿乙醇提取物对奶牛产奶性能及乳脂中共轭亚油酸含量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文旨在研究饲粮中添加黄花蒿乙醇提取物对奶牛产奶性能及乳脂中共轭亚油酸(CLA)含量的影响。试验选取体重(600±29)kg、胎次2~3胎、泌乳期(158±3)d及泌乳量(22.8±1.8)kg/d的泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛15头,采用完全随机区组设计分为3组,每组5头,进行为期40 d的饲养试验,其中1~9 d为预试期,10~40 d为正试期。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组和试验2组分别在基础饲粮中添加96和160 g/(d·头)的黄花蒿乙醇提取物。结果表明:整个试验期间,2个试验组的产奶量(第24、31和40天)、乳脂率、乳脂产量、乳蛋白率、乳蛋白产量、非脂固形物含量以及乳脂中的饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、短链脂肪酸、中链脂肪酸和长链脂肪酸含量与对照组相比均无显著差异(P0.05);2个试验组的乳脂中CLA含量分别比对照组提高了30.7%和38.6%,其中试验2组与对照组差异显著(P0.05)。由此得出,饲粮中添加适量的黄花蒿乙醇提取物对奶牛产奶性能没有明显影响,但可以提高其乳脂中CLA含量,从而优化乳脂中脂肪酸的比例。 相似文献
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为研究不同乳脂率德宏奶水牛乳腺组织中FATP1基因的表达情况,试验选取216头处于泌乳盛期的健康德宏奶水牛,分为高乳脂率组(H组)、中乳脂率组(M组)和低乳脂率组(L组),采集乳样,用乳品分析仪测定乳脂率,利用气相色谱法测定脂肪酸含量。采集乳腺组织,利用荧光定量PCR法检测FATP1基因的mRNA表达水平,并与乳脂率和脂肪酸含量进行相关性分析。结果表明:H组乳脂率、总脂肪酸含量和长链脂肪酸含量均极显著高于M组和L组(P<0.01),M组显著高于L组(P<0.05)。不饱和脂肪酸含量H组极显著高于L组(P<0.01),显著高于M组(P<0.05),而M组与L组无显著差异(P>0.05)。FATP1基因mRNA表达水平为H组极显著高于L组(P<0.01),而H组与M组、M组与L组均无显著差异(P>0.05)。相关性分析表明,乳脂率与乳中总脂肪酸、长链脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸含量间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),FATP1基因mRNA表达量与乳脂率、脂肪酸总量、长链脂肪酸含量、不饱和脂肪酸含量均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。研究表明在乳脂合成的过程当中FATP1基因对脂肪酸的摄取和转运起到重要的调控作用。 相似文献
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Effect of intramammary injection of rboGM-CSF on milk levels of chemiluminescence activity, somatic cell count, and Staphylococcus aureus count in Holstein cows with S. aureus subclinical mastitis 
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下载免费PDF全文 Hideyuki Takahashi Masaharu Odai Kenji Mitani Shigeki Inumaru Shozo Arai Rieko Horino Yuichi Yokomizo 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2004,68(3):182-187
The effect of intramammary injection of recombinant bovine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rboGM-CSF, 400 microg/10 mL) on quarter milk levels of chemiluminescence (CL) activity, and somatic cell count (SCC) and shedding pattern of Staphylococcus aureus was investigated. Ten Holstein cows, naturally infected with S. aureus were used, with either early-stage or late-stage subclinical mastitis. Injection of rboGM-CSF caused a remarkable increase in milk CL activity with a peak at 6 h after the cytokine injection in the early- and late-stage groups. In the early-stage group, milk SCC stayed around preinjection level at 6 h, rose significantly on days 1 and 2, and was followed by a smooth and significant decline to an under preinjection level (below 200 000 cells/mL) on day 7 postinjection. Alternatively, in the late-stage group, milk SCC rose significantly at 6 h after the cytokine injection and maintained high levels thereafter. The milk S. aureus count decreased drastically by the cytokine injection in the early-stage group. The bacterial count was moderately decreased in the late-stage group, but increased back to preinoculation levels on day 7 after the cytokine injection. The results suggest that the rboGM-CSF has a potential as a therapeutic agent for S. aureus infection causing subclinical mastitis of dairy cows, if the cytokine is applied at the initial stage of infection. 相似文献
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Tenhagen BA Edinger D Baumgärtner B Kalbe P Klünder G Heuwieser W 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2001,48(10):601-607
A placebo-controlled field study was performed to evaluate the effect of a herd-specific vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus on intramammary infection (IMI), somatic cell count (SCC) and clinical mastitis. Three hundred and twenty-one heifers were assigned to two groups. Heifers in the vaccination group (n = 164) were vaccinated twice, i.e. 5 and 2 weeks before their expected calving date. Animals of the control group (n = 157) received the same treatment with a placebo containing no bacterial antigen. Quarter milk samples were collected immediately after parturition prior to the first machine milking, 3-4 weeks after calving and before the onset of treatment in animals with signs of clinical mastitis during the first 3 months after calving. For comparison of SCC the data from the monthly milk test records were evaluated. The prevalence of S. aureus in quarter milk samples taken at calving and 3-4 weeks post-partum did not differ significantly between the vaccine and control group. Incidence of clinical mastitis during the first 3 months after calving and the prevalence of S. aureus in quarter milk samples taken before the onset of treatment did not differ significantly between the groups. The SCC was lower in vaccinated than in control heifers. However, the difference was only significant on the third milk test day. Regarding prevalence of IMI with S. aureus and incidence of clinical mastitis the use of a herd-specific vaccine against S. aureus did not prove to be efficient on this farm. 相似文献
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Serum amyloid A isoforms in serum and milk from cows with Staphylococcus aureus subclinical mastitis
Kovačević-Filipović M Ilić V Vujčić Z Dojnov B Stevanov-Pavlović M Mijačević Z Božić T 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,145(1-2):120-128
Serum amyloid A proteins (SAA) are very sensitive acute phase proteins, displaying multiple isoforms in plasma and different body fluids. They are currently under investigation as biomarkers of diseases. The aim of the present study was to compare the concentration and isoform expression of SAA in serum and milk of cows with bacteriologically negative milk (control group) and naturally occurring Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) subclinical mastitis (subclinical mastitis group). Somatic cell count (SCC) and bacteriological analyses were performed to establish the control and subclinical mastitis group. SAA concentration was evaluated using a commercial ELISA kit, while expression of different isoforms (serum A-SAA and milk M-SAA3 isoforms) was visualized by denaturing isoelectrical focusing and immunoblotting. The SAA concentrations in sera and milk of cows in the subclinical mastitis group were three and 100 times higher than in those from the control group of cows, respectively. Cows in the subclinical mastitis group had more acidic SAA isoforms in serum with the most prominent one at pI 5.5. This isoform was not detected in sera from the control group. Milk samples in the subclinical mastitis group contained abundant highly alkaline M-SAA3 isoforms and most of the serum isoforms, except for that at pI 5.5. In the subclinical mastitis group SAA isoforms with equivalent pI as serum isoforms accounted for 20% of the total SAA concentration in milk. There were significant differences in the concentrations and isoform patterns of SAA in serum and milk between the control and subclinical mastitis groups of cows. Also, we demonstrated that serum SAA isoforms were not transferred to milk proportion to their plasma content. 相似文献
18.
Nagahata H Ito H Maruta H Nishikawa Y Susukino H Matsuki S Higuchi H Okuhira T Anri A 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(9):893-898
In 57 Holstein cows where the dairy farm uses a milking parlor system, the somatic cell count (SCC) increased persistently in the bulk milk (monthly mean 52.3 x 10(4) cells/ml; range 21 to 94 x 10(4) cells/ml). We detected S. aureus in 24 (41.2%) of the 54 lactating cows and in 29 (12.8%) of 227 quarters of the 57 milking cows in the herd. A control program was implemented in an effort to eradicate S. aureus mastitis from this dairy farm. The control plan established improved handling of the lactating cows, improved milking procedures, dry-cow therapy, and culling of infected cows. The program was monitored for 3.5 years by frequent checkups on the rate of S. aureus infection, the SCC, and the changes in milk composition. Eighteen months after the control program was started, the rate of S. aureus infection in the quarter milk decreased dramatically, and no S. aureus isolates were found in the milk of the remaining cows. The SCC in the bulk milk of the herd dropped to a monthly mean of <20 x 10(4) cells/ml. In conclusion, the control program was effective for controlling persistent S. aureus mastitis in this dairy herd. 相似文献
19.
本试验旨在探寻促进奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(BMECs)乳蛋白和乳脂合成的短链脂肪酸(乙酸、β-羟丁酸)和长链脂肪酸(油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸)的组合添加模式,为调控乳成分合成提供理论依据。BMECs经分离、纯化后,选取第2代细胞,分为5组,对照组不添加脂肪酸,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组添加的乙酸、β-羟丁酸浓度比例均为2.0(9.60 mmol/L)∶1.0(4.80 mmol/L),油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸的浓度比例分别为2.0(17.30μmol/L)∶13.3(115.05μmol/L)∶1.0(8.65μmol/L)和9.6(75.20μmol/L)∶7.4(58.00μmol/L)∶1.0(7.80μmol/L);Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组添加的乙酸、β-羟丁酸的浓度比例均为1.0(7.20 mmol/L)∶1.0(7.20 mmol/L),油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸的浓度比例分别为2.0∶13.3∶1.0和9.6∶7.4∶1.0,各组添加的短链脂肪酸(SCFA)和长链脂肪酸(LCFA)总浓度为14.541 mmol/L,每组3个重复。培养24 h后,检测细胞相对增殖率(RGR)、甘油三酯(TAG)的合成量以及乳蛋白和乳脂合成相关基因的表达量。结果表明:1)试验组BMECs RGR及TAG的合成量均显著高于对照组(P0.05);Ⅰ组RGR最高,TAG合成量最多。2)与对照组相比,Ⅱ组显著提高了核糖体蛋白S6激酶1(S6K1)、κ-酪蛋白(CSN3)基因的表达量(P0.05);Ⅳ组显著提高了CSN3、蛋白激酶B(AKT)、S6K1、真核翻译起始因子4E结合蛋白1(4EBP1)基因的表达量(P0.05);试验组信号转导和转录激活因子5(STAT5)基因的表达量显著降低(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验组二酰甘油酰基转移酶2(DG AT2)基因的表达量显著提高(P0.05),脂肪酸合成酶(FASN)基因的表达量显著降低(P0.05)。综上所述,在培养液中添加7.20 mmol/L乙酸、7.20 mmol/Lβ-羟丁酸、75.20μmol/L油酸、58.00μmol/L亚油酸、7.80μmol/L亚麻酸对BM ECs乳蛋白和乳脂合成相关基因的表达量有较好的促进作用。 相似文献
20.
Nagahata H Kawai H Higuchi H Kawai K Yayou K Chang CJ 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(7):885-894
Changes in inflammatory parameters, leukocyte surface markers, functional responses and cytokine mRNA expression of leukocytes of dairy cows with naturally occurring chronic Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) mastitis and healthy cows were determined to elucidate the leukocyte responses to S. aureus infection of the mammary gland. Increased values in inflammatory parameters and matrix metalloproteinase activities in milk revealed the characteristics of cows with chronic mastitis. Expression of L-selectin and CD18 molecules on neutrophils and proportion of CD8 cells in milk from cows with S. aureus mastitis were significantly (P<0.05) increased compared with those found in healthy cows. The FcR-stimulated CL response of blood neutrophils was significantly (P<0.05) decreased in cows with S. aureus mastitis. Significantly (P<0.05) decreased mitogenic responses of lymphocytes were found in cows with S. aureus mastitis; however, the values were not restored to those of healthy cows when stimulated with both mitogens and the cytokine IL-1β. The mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 on milk leukocytes from cows with S. aureus was found to be increased compared with that of healthy cows. The changes of immune responses found in cows with S. aureus mastitis appear to be influenced by the severity and duration of inflammation in infected quarters. The down-regulation of the leukocyte functions found in cows with S. aureus mastitis appears to be associated with the progress of the chronic stage of S. aureus mastitis. 相似文献