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1.
反枝苋种子形态与组分研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对反枝苋种子形态特征和内含物组分含量进行了研究测定.结果表明:(1)反枝苋种子倒卵形或近圆形,边缘薄,成熟时黑色或黑褐色,具强光泽,种皮质硬,种脐位于种子基部缺口处,双子叶有胚乳种子.种子长宽为0.947 mm×1.068 mm,单粒重0.386 mg.(2)反枝苋种子发芽率为88％,在28℃恒温箱中约需1d便可萌发,是子叶出土幼苗.(3)反枝苋种子粗脂肪含量0.0684 mg/g,高于蛋白质(0.035 3 mg/g)和可溶性糖(0.0126 mg/g)的含量,还含有Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe、Mg、Ga、K、Na等矿质元素,且Mg、Ga、K、Na含量明显高于其他矿质元素. 相似文献
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新疆沙冬青种子特性分析及萌发条件的优化选择 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以生长在新疆乌恰县境内的新疆沙冬青种子为研究对象，进行了种子特性以及萌发条件优化选择的初步研究，结果表明：其果荚天然虫蛀率为63.67％，籽粒天然虫蛀率为25．16％，籽粒天然结实率为76．21％，籽粒的种径大小为长（6．232±0.14）mm，宽（4．917±0．25）mm，厚（1．609±0．1）mm，瘦籽率为3．15％，饱满种子千粒重为35．63g，瘦籽千粒重为18．36g。根据所测定的各处理的种子发芽率和种子发芽指数高低来优化选择最适宜的种子萌发条件，优化选择的结果：种子播种深度为2cm、土壤含水量为20％、温度与光照条件为30℃／10℃．14h／10h。 相似文献
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对新疆珍稀植物银沙槐种子中灰分、粗脂肪、总蛋白质、多糖、总黄酮、总生物碱、总多酚和矿质元素Cu、Zn、Ca、Fe、Mg、K、Cr、Mn等多种化学成分的含量进行测定与分析.结果表明:银沙槐种子中灰分、粗脂肪、总蛋白质、多糖、总黄酮、总生物碱、总多酚和矿质元素含量分别为:3.4%、18.31%、4.8%、52.72 mg/g、10.86 mg/g、176.76 mg/g、12.58 mg/g;矿脂元素Cu、Zn、Ca、Fe、Mg、K、Cr、Mn的含量分别为:21、31、6298、61133、1449、11564、2、10 mg/kg. 相似文献
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云南栽培稻生态型矿质元素含量的多样性 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
用ICP-AES测定了新平县相同生态条件下种植653份云南稻资源糙米8种矿质元素含量，并按丁颖的栽培稻生态型对其遗传多样性进行了研究。结果表明，云南水稻改良品种糙米P、Fe和Zn含量比地方稻种分别下降10.53%、14.76%和35.16%，但改良品种特别是粳稻Ca含量比地方种高, 8种矿质元素以Ca的多样性指数最大；糙米P、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zu、Cu和Mn平均含量以粳稻的Mg、Fe和Zn，水稻的P、K和Mg，陆稻的Fe和Zn，糯稻的K和Fe，早稻的Mg和Fe相对较高。8种矿质元素平均遗传多样性指数依次为粳>籼,陆>水,粘>糯,早中稻>晚稻和地方种>改良种,且P>K>Mn>Mg>Cu>Zn>Fe>Ca；其变异系数依次为Fe>Ca>Cu>Zn>Mn>K>Mg >P。 相似文献
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本研究旨在了解重庆合川地区油橄榄树体的营养状况和果实膨大规律及其相关性,为该地区油橄榄的平衡有效施肥提供依据,实现丰产优质栽培的目的。以不同生长时期内3株树势相同,无病虫害的7年生‘豆果’油橄榄树为研究材料,基于硝酸—盐酸—高氯酸消煮—ICP法测定叶片和果实中大量和微量元素P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn含量,凯氏定氮法测定元素N含量,游标卡尺测定果实纵横径。结果表明：“豆果”生长期内,大量元素在叶片和果实中随果实膨大存在不同变化趋势。总体上,叶片中大量元素含量趋势为K>Ca>N>P>Mg;果实中大量元素含量趋势为K>N>Ca>P>Mg。对微量元素Fe的需求量明显高于元素Mn、Zn、Cu,且叶片中元素Fe远高于果实中的。叶片内部-果实内部-叶片-果实间矿质元素含量以及果实膨大-叶片果实矿质元素含量存在普遍的显著相关性。从矿质元素在“豆果”叶片、果实中的含量动态变化趋势来看,营养元素N、K、Ca在发育期中一直保持相对较高水平,肥料施用上应充分满足;考虑到元素间的拮抗和协同关系,建议生产上施用N肥时还应搭配P肥、K肥、微量元素肥（含Cu和Zn）施用,以达到丰产优质栽培的目的。 相似文献
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为了明确燕麦种质资源矿质元素含量的多样性,采用原子吸收分光光度法测定了燕麦种质铜（Cu）、铁（Fe）、锌（Zn）、镁（Mg）和钙（Ca）元素的含量,进行遗传变异、聚类和相关分析。结果表明：供试材料的Cu、Fe、Zn、Mg和Ca元素含量具有丰富的多样性,平均多样性指数为2.022,平均变异系数为29.775%。筛选到Cu含量高的种质有休眠燕麦、加5、坝莜1号、YS0404、v5和v18;Fe含量高的种质有太丰、夏莜麦、9418、蒙燕2号和shadow;Zn含量高的种质有ハヤテ和坝莜9号;Mg含量高的种质有ハヤテ和莜麦4400;Ca含量高的种质有v18、鉴19和白燕7号。Zn、Fe、Mg的含量均较高的种质有ハヤテ、6518、加9、MARION、坝莜8号、晋燕2004、坝莜9号和品五。燕麦种质Cu与Zn含量呈显著正相关,Ca与Fe含量间呈极显著负相关。 相似文献
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为研究不同氮素粒肥水平下水稻精米矿质元素含量及蒸煮食味品质的变化,明确蛋白质及蒸煮食味品质与矿质元素间的相关性,以扬稻6号和南粳9108为供试材料,设置3个氮素粒肥水平,分别为对照（N1,0kg/hm 2）、中氮素粒肥（N2,90kg/hm 2）和高氮素粒肥（N3,150kg/hm 2）,并对精米中矿质元素含量和稻米蒸煮食味品质进行了测定分析。结果表明,随着氮素粒肥水平的提高,精米中含氮量提高,大量元素P、K含量和中量元素Ca、Mg含量显著降低,微量元素Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu含量显著增加,Mg/K和Mg/（N·AC·K）表现为降低趋势,蛋白质含量显著增多,直链淀粉含量有所减少,RVA谱特征值中最高粘度、热浆粘度和崩解值逐渐降低,回复值和消减值则呈现出上升的趋势,食味值显著变差。相关分析发现,蛋白质含量与微量元素含量间呈显著或极显著正相关,与大、中量元素含量和食味值呈显著或极显著负相关;Mg/K和Mg/（N·AC·K）与RVA谱特征值关系密切,有利于蒸煮食味品质的改善。由此可见,生产中应因地制宜地控制后期氮肥在适宜范围内,以提高稻米矿质营养元素含量和蒸煮食味品质。 相似文献
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施氮量对豫北冬小麦产量及子粒主要矿质元素含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以兰考矮早8、豫麦49-198和平安8号为材料,设置5个氮素水平（0、120、180、240、360kg/hm 2）,研究不同施氮量对豫北冬小麦子粒产量及其N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B等矿质元素含量的影响。结果表明：子粒中N与B（r=0.879）、N与Mg（r=0.858）、Mg与Zn（r=0.871）、Mg与B（r=0.877）含量间相关系数较高。施氮显著提高了子粒N、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、B含量,K、Mg含量受施氮量影响较小,但P和Mn含量明显下降。兰考矮早8子粒中各种矿质元素（除B外）含量明显高于平安8号,豫麦49-198介于二者之间。施氮在提高小麦子粒产量的同时降低了P/Ca、P/Mg、P/Fe和P/Zn的值,增强了Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn的生物有效性。此外,研究发现施氮量达到180kg/hm 2后,继续增施氮肥小麦产量难以提升。可见,合理的氮肥管理可以提高豫北地区冬小麦产量及子粒中微量元素的含量;过量施氮不仅难以提高子粒产量,还会降低子粒P和Mn的含量。 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
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Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
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Mohammed Riyazaddin Polavarapu B. Kavi Kishor Are Ashok Kumar Belum V. S. Reddy Rajendra S. Munghate Hari C. Sharma 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(4):423-436
Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums. 相似文献
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Summary
Hordeum chilense is a wild barley extensively used in wide crosses in the Triticeae. It could be a valuable source of resistance to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum. Some H. chilense x Triticum spp. amphiploids, named tritordeums, were more resistant than the parental wheat line to these diseases, others were not. Average contents of ergosterol and deoxynivalenol (DON) suggested that resistance to colonization by Fusarium was the highest for Hordeum chilense, followed by tritordeum and wheat in decreasing order. In particular, the H. chilense genotypes H7 and H17 enhanced the wheat resistance to F. culmorum in its tritordeum offsprings. Resistance to S. nodorum in tritordeum was not associated with tall plant height. There is sufficient genetic variation for resistance to F. culmorum and S. nodorum among tritordeum to allow the breeding of lines combining short straw and resistance to both diseases. 相似文献
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J. T. Fletcher 《Euphytica》1992,63(1-2):33-49
Summary Cultivars of tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce and peppers have been bred for resistance to one or more pathogens. Some tomato and cucumber cultivars have resistance to a wide range of diseases. Resistance has been transient in many cases and a succession of cultivars with new genes or new combinations of resistance genes has been necessary to maintain control. There has been a number of notable exceptions and these have included durable resistance to such pathogens asFulvia fulva and tomato mosaic virus. With lettuce the resistance situation is complicated by the occurrence of fungicide resistant pathotypes. There are no strains ofAgaricus bisporus purposely bred for disease resistance.In protected flower crops only resistance to Fusarium wilt in carnations has been purposely bred but differences in disease resistance are apparent in cultivars of many ornamental crops. This is particularly so in chrysanthemums where there are cultivars with resistance to many of the major pathogens. Similar situations occur with other flower crops and pot plants. Cultivars of some species have not been systematically investigated for resistance.The need for genetic resistance will increase with the further reduction, in the limits on pesticide use and an increasing public awareness and importance of pesticide pollution.ADAS is an executive agency of the Ministry of Agiculture, Fisheries and Food and the Welsh Office. 相似文献
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Relation between wheat-rye crossability and seed set of common wheat after pollination with other species in the Hordeae 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary Cultivars of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) of high wheat-rye (Secale cereale L.) crossability set more seed with pollen of other related species than did wheats of low wheat-rye crossability. This was found to be true for pollen parents from the genera Triticum, Aegilops, Secale, Agropyron and Elymus. 相似文献
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Richard N. Lester 《Euphytica》1989,44(1-2):125-132
Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected. 相似文献