共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
杨开 《中国农村水利水电》1995,(12)
关于管网当量摩阻的几点讨论杨开（武汉水利电力大学４３００７２）［摘要］利用管网当量摩阻的概念估算管道特性，可以简化管网计算与水泵工况校验及其运行调度过程，但存在不同程度的误差。对此讨论了不同条件下管网当量摩阻的差异程度及其对工程和实际运行可能产生的影... 相似文献
2.
依据给水管网信息系统及其管理的特点,利用COMGIS的设计思想,进行了给水管网管理信息系统的设计;采用ArcGIS Engine开发包,利用EPANET2.DLL管网模拟分析函数库,在VB平台上对模型进行集成,实现管网工况的动态模拟分析功能;同时采用Oracle Spatial进行数据库综合管理,实现对空间数据和属性数据的动态加载,建立基于C/S的给水管网信息系统,全面实现给水管网的动态空间模拟功能,为管理决策提供直观的可视化工具。 相似文献
3.
在暖通空调的水系统中,管网型式与阻力的变化对水泵运行特性产生重要的影响.通过实例对水泵变流量运行进行计算与分析,并采用管网阻力调节、水泵台数控制及变频控制方法调节系统流量.探讨了管网变化对水泵变流量运行能耗的影响;分析了管网性质与水泵运行工况的关系,以及各种流量调节方式与水泵运行能耗的关系.计算结果表明：管网特性对水泵变流量运行的能耗影响较大.通过增加管网的阻力调节流量,通常会使水泵的能耗降低;水泵变频控制方式对开、闭式管网的运行能耗影响有较大的区别,静压值越大,节能效果越小;在闭式循环管网中,水泵台数控制与变频控制是两种有效的节能调节方法,由于管网发生变化,水泵的运行工况变化不满足相似律;水系统通过采用压差控制流量时,最不利环路可能发生变化成为次不利环路,所以末端压差控制因管网变化而形成水力失调,最小阻力控制比定压差控制有显著的节能效果. 相似文献
4.
在暖通空调的水系统中,管网型式与阻力的变化对水泵运行特性产生重要的影响.通过实例对水泵变流量运行进行计算与分析,并采用管网阻力调节、水泵台数控制及变频控制方法调节系统流量.探讨了管网变化对水泵变流量运行能耗的影响;分析了管网性质与水泵运行工况的关系,以及各种流量调节方式与水泵运行能耗的关系.计算结果表明：管网特性对水泵变流量运行的能耗影响较大.通过增加管网的阻力调节流量,通常会使水泵的能耗降低;水泵变频控制方式对开、闭式管网的运行能耗影响有较大的区别,静压值越大,节能效果越小;在闭式循环管网中,水泵台数控制与变频控制是两种有效的节能调节方法,由于管网发生变化,水泵的运行工况变化不满足相似律;水系统通过采用压差控制流量时,最不利环路可能发生变化成为次不利环路,所以末端压差控制因管网变化而形成水力失调,最小阻力控制比定压差控制有显著的节能效果. 相似文献
5.
依据给水管网信息系统及其管理的特点，利用COMGIS的设计思想，进行了给水管网管理信息系统的设计；采用ArcGIS Engine开发包，利用EPANET2.DLL管网模拟分析函数库，在VB平台上对模型进行集成，实现管网工况的动态模拟分析功能；同时采用Oracle Spatial进行数据库综合管理，实现对空间数据和属性数据的动态加载，建立基于C/S的给水管网信息系统，全面实现给水管网的动态空间模拟功能，为管理决策提供直观的可视化工具。 相似文献
6.
为了进一步提高供水管网的优化性能,利用 Flowmaster仿真软件,给出了管道、闸阀、阀门开度控制器等原件的建模过程,研究了阀门在不同程度下开启度对优化供水管网系统的影响,并建立多组对比模型参数进行仿真且着重分析了在阀门不同开启度下系统中管道阻力系数的变化.首先以流体管路系统为研究对象,对系统整体进行建模,其次对闸阀、管道的阻力损失规律进行优化分析,最后针对不同供水工况分别探究了阀门开启度对管道阻力损失的影响,得出最佳阀门开启度.结果表明,当供水管网系统分别处于大、小流量运行工况时,此时应根据用户实际用水需求量、阀门阻力系数、管道损失系数等方面因素综合调节各阀门开度,从而可以适当降低管网中的水力阻力损失,优化供水管网系统. 相似文献
7.
给水管网仿真是城市供水系统管理的一个重点内容,给水管网管段摩阻系数的正确确定直接关系到给水管网仿真的准确性。将给水管网的水力模型与反问题分析方法相结合,建立管段摩阻系数反分析模型,给出其变尺度求解方法和计算步骤。结合室内给水管网实验平台在多种工况下的实测数据,按照反分析模型及其求解方法计算管段摩阻系数,再以求得的管段摩阻系数为基础,利用EPANET软件计算管网的节点水头与管段流量,与实测值进行对比分析。并利用实际城市给水管网对模型的准确性进行验证。 相似文献
8.
杨开 《农田水利与小水电》1995,(12):27-29
利用管网当量摩阻的概念估算管道特性，可以简化管网计算与水泵工况校验及其运行调度过程，但存在不同程度的误差，对此讨论了不同条件处管网当量摩阻的差异程度及其对工程和实际运行可能产生的影响。 相似文献
9.
给水管网优化设计的多目标遗传算法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为兼顾给水管网优化设计中的经济性和可靠性问题,以管网年费用和管网系统可靠性为目标函数建立给水管网优化设计的多目标遗传算法数学模型;并将系统可靠性定义为"节点富余水头加权平均值"和"管网恢复力",进而对多目标遗传算法模型求解过程进行分析。最后以一个典型的工程案例加以验证,结果表明,多目标遗传算法所得到的目标函数值和管网水力性能明显优于传统设计方法,充分说明了多目标遗传算法用于管网优化设计的实用性和有效性。 相似文献
10.
信赖域法用于给水管网水力计算的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
给水管网水力计算是进行管网优化设计和进行管网运行工况模拟的一个不可缺少的重要环节,该过程的计算结果和求解速度决定了管网优化设计和运行模拟的可靠性和实时性.为快速、准确实现管网水力计算,建立了给水管网水力计算模型,针对该模型的为求解非线性方程组实质,以及常规求解方法存在的缺陷,提出了管网水力计算的信赖域法,并着重对信赖域法数学模型和求解过程进行剖析,用MATLAB编程语言编写了管网水力计算的计算程序.最后以河南省清丰县一个复杂的给水管网实例进行验证,结果说明了信赖域法能有效地应用于给水管网水力计算.同时也为信赖域法在给水领域和其他工程领域的应用提供了借鉴. 相似文献
11.
Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
12.
瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
13.
对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
14.
对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
15.
About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
16.
在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
17.
Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
18.
在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
19.
20.
车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献