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1.
干旱胁迫对假俭草叶绿素荧光特性的影响   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  
试验以假俭草(Eremochloa ophiuroides)的Yaan和Common品系为材料,研究了中度干旱(土壤含水量为田间最大持水量的50%)和重度干旱(土壤含水量为田间最大持水量的35%)胁迫对假俭草叶绿素荧光参数及叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明,重度干旱胁迫显著地提高了Yaan和Common叶片中类胡萝卜素含量及Common叶片中叶绿素A和叶绿素B的含量。干旱胁迫显著地降低了供试材料的最大荧光(Fm)、可变荧光(Fv)、PSII最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)和PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)及光合量子产额(Yield),而对基础荧光(Fo)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)和非光化学猝灭系数(qN)没有产生显著影响;与对照相比,在Common和Yaan品系中PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量分别下降了15%和5%,说明干旱胁迫会伤害假俭草的光系统Ⅱ。2个品系的叶绿素荧光参数对干旱胁迫的反应存在一定的差异。在重度干旱胁迫下,Common的Fo有上升趋势,而Fm显著降低;Yaan品系Fo呈下降趋势,Fm无显著变化。  相似文献   

2.
低温对三种暖季型草坪草叶绿素荧光特性的影响   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  
研究了低温对假俭草、狼尾草、中华结缕草三种暖季型草坪草叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明：低温引起假俭草、狼尾草、中华结缕草三种暖季型草坪草的初始荧光F。上升，PSⅡ最大光化学效率（Fv／Fm）、开放的PSⅡ反应中心捕获激发能效率（Fv′／Fm′）、光化学猝灭系数（qP）、PSⅡ电子传递量子产率（φPSⅡ）、光合电子传递速率（ETR）、非光化学猝灭系数（qN）下降，致使光合速率（Pn）急剧下降。至低温处理后72h，三种暖季型草坪草中Fv／Fm、Fv′／Fm′、qP、φPSⅡ、qN的值结缕草〉狼尾草〉假俭草，Fo则出现相反的结果，Pn值结缕草〉狼尾草〉假俭草。研究还表明，利用非损伤的叶绿素荧光技术可快速地筛选不同基因型暖季型草坪草的抗寒能力。  相似文献   

3.
试验采用硝普钠(SNP)为NO供体,夏枯草幼苗为材料,研究外源0.01~0.50 mmol/L SNP对70 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下夏枯草幼苗抗氧化系统、光合参数与叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明,0.05~0.10mmol/L SNP可以缓解NaCl胁迫对夏枯草幼苗造成的伤害,其中0.10mmol/L SNP缓解效果最显著,该处理显著提高了NaCl胁迫下夏枯草幼苗叶片的过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,降低了电导率与丙二醛(MDA)的含量。显著提高了夏枯草叶片叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、总叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)与蒸腾速率(Tr),降低了胞间CO2浓度(Ci)。叶绿素荧光动力学参数显示,0.10mmol/L SNP处理显著降低了NaCl胁迫下夏枯草幼苗的初始荧光(Fo)与非光化学荧光猝灭系数(NPQ),提高了最大荧光(Fm)、PSⅡ潜在光化学效率(Fv/Fo)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和PSⅡ有效光化学量子产量(Fv′/Fm′)。外源NO通过提高抗氧化酶活性,来减少脂质过氧化作用,减少光抑制对PSⅡ的破坏,提高光化学能力,增强夏枯草叶片的光合能力,从而最终提高夏枯草的抗盐能力。本试验条件下,以0.10mmol/L SNP处理效果最为显著。  相似文献   

4.
干旱胁迫对结缕草叶绿素荧光和光合关键酶活性的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
在对中国结缕草属（Zoysia Willd.）植物53份种源水分利用效率评价的基础上,以高水分利用效率种源Z110和低水分利用效率种源Z132作为试验材料,对其干旱胁迫过程中叶绿素荧光特征、光合关键酶核酮糖二磷酸（RuBP）羧化酶和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸（PEP）羧化酶的活性进行了研究。结果表明,在干旱胁迫过程中,两份结缕草种源的叶绿素初始荧光（Fo）、非光化学猝灭系数（qN）逐渐增加;叶绿素最大荧光（Fm）,PSⅡ实际光化学效率Yield,叶片表观光合电子传递速率ETR,PSⅡ光化学猝灭系数（qP）,RuBP羧化酶和PEP羧化酶活性逐渐降低。在干旱胁迫过程中,除种源Z110叶绿素Fo小于Z132的叶绿素Fo外,其他参数均大于Z132,说明干旱胁迫对Z132的光合作用影响较大,Z110对干旱胁迫表现出较强的的适应能力。  相似文献   

5.
本试验以无芒雀麦、垂穗披碱草、老芒麦、细茎冰草为试验材料,研究了干旱胁迫处理下不同禾本科牧草的叶绿素荧光参数、叶片电导率和脯氨酸（Pro）含量变化的对比。结果表明：随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,4种禾草初始荧光（Fo）和非光化学淬灭系数（qN）呈现逐渐上升趋势,而最大荧光（Fm）,潜在光化学效率（Fv/Fo）,最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）和光化学淬灭系数（qP）呈现逐渐下降趋势。上述参数的变化幅度因材料抗旱性强弱而异,这种差异可作为简便评价禾草抗旱性强弱的鉴定指标,因此,运用隶属函数对不同禾草抗旱性进行评价分析,得出抗旱性强弱次序为：垂穗披碱草〉无芒雀麦〉细茎冰草〉老芒麦。  相似文献   

6.
研究不同澳洲坚果品种叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光特性,以期为选育优良品种及高效栽培提供科学依据。结果表明：不同澳洲坚果品种间叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、PSII潜在活性（Fv/Fo）、PSII的原初光能转换效率（Fv/Fm）、光合电子传递效率（ETR）和光化学猝灭系数（qP）均存在极显著差异;各品种间实际光化学量子产额（ΦPSII）差异显著;叶绿素a/b值和非光化学猝灭系数（qN）差异不显著。相关性分析结果表明：叶绿素a含量与叶绿素b含量、Fv/Fo与Fv/Fm、ETR与Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm和ΦPSII之间均呈极显著正相关,ΦPSII与qN呈极显著负相关,ETR与qN呈显著负相关。十个品种聚类后可分成三个类群。‘O.C’和‘A16’具有较好的光合性能。‘NG8(X8)’光合效率最低。  相似文献   

7.
过量铁胁迫对豌豆幼苗光合特性和叶绿体膜的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
研究了水培条件下过量铁胁迫对豌豆（Pisum sativum）幼苗光合特性和叶绿体膜组分及流动性的影响。结果表明,随着铁浓度的升高,幼苗净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、水分利用效率（WUE）和羧化效率(CE)呈现不同程度的下降;叶绿素含量以及最大荧光(Fm)、最大光化学速率(Fv/Fm)、潜在光化学速率(Fv/Fo)、光合电子传递速率(ETR)、最大量子产额(Yield)以及光化学猝灭系数(qP)都逐渐下降,而初始荧光（Fo）与非光化学猝灭系数（qN）则逐渐上升;同时,过量铁胁迫造成叶片叶绿体膜饱和脂肪酸含量下降,不饱和脂肪酸含量相对增加,进而引起膜流动性的急剧升高。可见过量铁胁迫除导致幼苗光合作用的气孔抑制外,还直接伤害了光合机构,引起光能原初捕获能力和光能同化效率的降低,同时也造成了叶绿体膜不饱和度增加使得膜功能下降,引起幼苗光合能力的下降。  相似文献   

8.
温度胁迫对柱花草叶绿素荧光参数和光合速率的影响   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  
为了探讨柱花草对不同温度的适应机制,以播种后40 d的幼苗为试验材料,在光照培养箱内分别用高温(36℃)处理5 d,低温(6℃)处理2 d,并以常温(25℃)处理5 d为对照,测定光合速率及叶绿素荧光参数等相关指标在不同温度胁迫下的变化。结果表明,低温处理2 d,叶绿素荧光参数的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光系统Ⅱ电子传递量子效率(ФPSⅡ)、光化学猝灭系数(qP) 和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)、叶片光合速率、叶片ATP含量及RuBPcase和FBPase活性显著降低;而高温处理5 d对其光合效率没有产生明显的抑制作用。在温度胁迫条件下,足够的ATP供应对保证柱花草的光合能力是有必要的。  相似文献   

9.
利用便携式叶绿素荧光分析仪测定了库布齐沙地油蒿（Artemisia ordosica）、中间锦鸡儿（Caragana intermedia）、羊柴（Hedysarum laev）、沙柳（Salix cheilophila）、紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）和达乌里胡枝子（Lespedeza davurica）的叶绿素荧光参数。结果表明,固定荧光(F0)、最大荧光(Fm)、PSⅡ的潜在活性(Fv/F0)、PSⅡ最大光学效率(Fv/Fm)、光化淬灭系数(qP)、非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Yield)7项叶绿素荧光参数表现出不同程度的差异。在6种沙地植物中,中间锦鸡儿、羊柴、沙柳、油蒿4种灌木植物的Fm、Fv/F0、Fv/Fm、qP、Yield值均显著（P<0.05）高于草本状半灌木达乌里胡枝子和草本植物紫花苜蓿,这表明中间锦鸡儿、羊柴、沙柳、油蒿的光合能力大于达乌里胡枝子和紫花苜蓿。然而,达乌里胡枝子和紫花苜蓿的NPQ显著高于中间锦鸡儿、羊柴、油蒿、沙柳,说明紫花苜蓿和达乌里胡枝子的叶片通过热耗散的能量较多,这两种植物通过热耗散消耗掉过剩光能,从而避免了沙地强光环境对光合机构的破坏。  相似文献   

10.
用荧光动力学的方法探讨Na2CO3胁迫下星星草幼苗叶片电解质外渗率与PSⅡ光能耗散的关系。结果表明,随着星星草幼苗叶片电解质外渗率的增大,PSⅡ的最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）和潜在光化学效率（Fv/Fo）呈逐渐减小的趋势。同时,当电解质外渗率小于0.2时,PSⅡ实际光化学效率（ΦPSⅡ）、电子传递速率（ETR）、光化学淬灭系数（qP）、光化学速率（PR）、捕光色素的光能被用于热耗散的相对份额（HD）、热耗散速率（HDR）都随着电解质外渗率的增大而增大;而当电解质外渗率超过0.2时,PSⅡ实际光化学效率（ΦPSⅡ）、电子传递速率（ETR）、光化学淬灭系数（qP）、光化学速率（PR）却随着电解质外渗率的增大而减小。另一方面,电解质外渗率在小于0.15时,非光化学淬灭系数（qNP）一直在增加,但是当电解质外渗率超过0.15时,qNP却减少。本试验结果说明当电解质外渗率在一定范围内,星星草通过增加热耗散以及增加捕光色素吸收的光能被用于热耗散的相对份额（HD）和热耗散速率（HDR）来改善PSⅡ的功能,由此引起的活性氧增加则由体内较高的保护酶来清除,若超过了一定阈值则抑制了PSⅡ的功能,或者说PSⅡ系统可能遭受了不可逆损伤。  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

13.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

14.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

15.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

16.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

17.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

18.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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19.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

20.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

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