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渤海浮游植物的数量分布和季节变化 总被引：23，自引：4，他引：23
渤海浮游植物有37属102种,其中硅藻门的细胞个数和种数都占绝对优势。季节变化明显,其数量高峰出现在3～4月和7～9月,浮游植物的数量分布与水域中营养盐类含量的分布和变化有关。1982～1983年渤海浮游植物和主要饵料生物的数量比1959年有较大幅度的增加,饵料基础状况好于1959年。圆筛藻、舟形藻、沟直链藻等是对虾幼体、毛虾、梭鱼的主要饵料,它们的数量分布和变动直接影响到鱼、虾的摄食强度。 相似文献
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在兢鱼的早繁育苗过程中（6～7月份），用商品微囊饵料和自制饵料，部分或全部替代轮虫、卤虫和桡足类等活饵料，观察其仔稚幼鱼生长速度、成活率和摄食率。结果表明，1、仔鱼阶段全部生物饵料组的兢鱼仔鱼成活率最高（40．0％），50％配合饵料组次之（31．0％），100％配合饵料组最低（12．5％），生长速度和摄食率没明显差异；2、稚幼鱼阶段的三组饱食率和摄食率没差异，生长速度以50％配合饵料组略快于全部生物饵料组和100％配合饵料组，存活率也以50％配合饵料组最高，生物饵料组其次，100％配合饵料组最低。研究认为，商品配合饵料可作为兢鱼在春夏季育苗中因生物饵料缺乏时良好的替代品，并对兢鱼仔稚幼鱼生长发育有良好的营养作用。 相似文献
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渤海近岸水域营养盐变化对鱼类资源的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文研究了近25年来渤海近岸水域磷酸盐、硅酸盐、硝酸盐、铵氮等营养盐的变化及其对浮游生物、鱼类资源的影响。研究情况如下：
1材料与方法
1．1渤海近岸水域营养盐的变化
渤海近岸水域3个重要的海湾：莱州湾、渤海湾、辽东湾是历年来资源调查的对象，1982、1993、1998年的调查结果如表1，发现硝酸盐和无机氮明显增加。 相似文献
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近年来，随着大中型水面养殖产量的提高，养殖密度的扩大，水域环境及外地苗种的引进放养等因素，大中型水域鱼病的发生频率及危害程度越来越高，由于大中型水域水体积大，全水域泼洒防治药物，不但药量大，成本高，而且副作用也大。一是水体饵料生物易被一起杀灭；二是对环境有污染，易破环水域生态平衡。就如何进行大中型水域鱼病防治，笔者提出几点看法，供参考。 相似文献
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渤海重要底层鱼类食物重叠系数与鱼类增殖 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文从渤海鱼类增殖角度出发,用 Pianka(1973)提出的公式计算了渤海底层鱼类种间的饵料重叠系数,结果表明:渤海底层鱼类中只有17个种之间的饵料重叠系数超过0.7,即饵料严重重叠。重叠的饵料大都是小型底栖虾、蟹类和小型底栖鱼类,渤海中这些饵料生物比较丰富。摄食鱼类的种类主要为鲈鱼、真鲷、牙鲆,它们主要摄食小型中上层鱼类,这些小型鱼类资源在渤海也很丰富,因此,在渤海进行增殖,其饵料保障较好。根据鱼类种间饵料重叠和饵料生物的分布,黄盖鲽的增殖放流应在秦皇岛外海,其次为莱州湾;半滑舌鳎应在莱州湾和黄河口;真鲷、牙鲆应在莱州湾。为了增加渤海的饵料资源,进行优质鱼类放流增殖,应加强对渤海绵鳚、孔鳐、鲈鱼的捕捞。 相似文献
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基于GIS的考洲洋养殖水域水质状况分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在GIS和数据库技术的支持下，据1999年2月(枯水期)和8月(丰水期)两个航次的调查数据。利用数据插值和栅格图形加权平均等处理手段，综台分析和评价了考洲洋水域的水质营养状况。结果显示，枯水期考洲洋的水质符合一类海水水质标准，整个水域未受明显有机污染，丰水期整个水域符合二类海水水质标准，湾西北部和吉隆河口附近水域受明显的有机污染，出现富营养化现象，应引起重视。两个调查航次初级生产力的分布趋势相似，均呈现湾口高，湾中部和湾西北部低的变化趋势。饵料生物的分布无明显的规律，在枯水期，饵料生物的分布较为均匀，大部分水域处于2～3级水平，其密集分布区出现在湾西北部、湾口和吉隆河口附近水域，而在丰水期，饵料生物的变化幅度较大，其密集分布区位于湾中部水域和望京洲沿岸水域。两个航次相比，丰水期的初级生产力水平和饵料生物水平均高于枯水期。 相似文献
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（三）银鱼移植增殖水域条件的选择 太湖新银鱼和大银鱼，属于敞水性鱼类，适宜于生活在具有一定沿岸、水面开阔的封闭或半封闭的生态环境的水域中。因此移入水域，要求水位相对稳定，水质清新，无污染，最好处于中型与富型营养类型之间，各种理化因子适宜，生态系中，特别是中上层水体中要有空间生态环境，饵料生物资源比较丰富，中上层凶猛鱼类少，这是比较理想的繁殖、生长、发育的水域。 １．水域面积：移入水域的面积可大可小，大中型水库、湖泊及小型水体均可。但近几年来的实践证明，水面为２３５０～４５００亩，均取得生物效应。所… 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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