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1.
熊本牡蛎多嵴和无嵴品系F3生长性状的连续选择效应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为进一步检测熊本牡蛎(Crassostrea sikamea)多嵴和无嵴品系F3的连续选择反应,以2个品系F2上选组为材料,开展2个品系F3混合上选研究,评估2个品系F3生长性状的选择反应、现实遗传力及遗传改进量,解析选育过程中选择效应、品系效应及二者交互作用对生产性状的影响。结果表明:多嵴品系F3生长性状具有较高的现实遗传力,表现出较好的遗传改良效果;无嵴品系F3表现出中等现实遗传力水平,但仍具有一定程度的遗传改良潜能。养成期360日龄时,多嵴品系子代壳高、鲜重的选择反应分别为0.70、0.76;现实遗传力分别为0.40、0.43;遗传改进量分别为7.02%、12.29%;无嵴品系的选择反应分别为0.36、0.33;现实遗传力分别为0.20、0.19;遗传改进量分别为3.74%、5.72%。经过双因子分析模型检测发现:品系来源是影响F3生长性状的主要因子,选择效应是次要因子,二者间不存在明显的交互作用。由此可见,随着连续选择的进行,选择反应逐渐降低,品系来源作用增强,本研究为熊本牡蛎遗传改良和新品系培育奠定了基础。 相似文献
2.
ABSTRACT: For pearl production, pearl oyster seeds from foreign pearl oysters as well as hybrids between native and such foreign pearl oysters are produced in Japanese hatcheries. However, it is very difficult to identify these pearl oysters and hybrids based on morphological measurements. Thus, a molecular identification method for distinguishing Atlantic pearl oysters Pinctada imbricata from the Indian-Pacific pearl oyster group including P. martensii and P. fucata , was developed. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of the partial intergenic spacer (IGS) of nuclear ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes exhibited length polymorphism between P. imbricata (590 bp) and the other two species (427 bp). The restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the PCR products (PCR-RFLP) cleaved with Mse I observed in the IGS of nuclear rRNA genes also gave different profiles between P. imbricata and the other two species. The difference in PCR-RFLP using Alu I was also detected in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene regions between P. imbricata and the other two species. Thus, the method developed enables the distinction of P. imbricata from P. martensii and P. fucata . 相似文献
3.
In order to provide baseline information for the genetic resources, genetic variation in wild and cultured Pinctada fucata martensii from southern Korea and Japan was studied using nucleotide sequence analysis of 379 base pairs (bp) in the mitochondrial
cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI). The study included three hatchery stocks from Korea (Tongyeong) and Japan (Mie and
Tsushima) and one wild stock from Korea (Geoje). A total of 3 haplotypes were identified in hatchery stocks of 78 individuals,
of which 63 individuals shared 1 haplotype. Overall, nucleotide diversity (π) was low, ranging from 0.000 to 0.002, and haplotype diversity (h) ranged from 0.000 to 0.541. Considerably low haplotype and nucleotide diversities in hatchery stock indicated that low effective
population size and consecutive selective breeding of P. fucata martensii could be responsible for the reduction in genetic variation. The wild stock exhibited low haplotype diversity (0.507 ± 0.039)
with two shared haplotypes. The results of the present study with first record of wild pearl oyster in Korea support the possibility
that the transplanted pearl oyster for overwintering experiments could have survived in winter. In order to enhance and/or
maintain genetic diversity in the hatchery stock, further research should be directed toward genetic monitoring and evaluation
of the hatchery and wild pearl oysters. 相似文献
4.
John A. Nell Ian R. Smith A. K. Sheridan 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1999,170(3-4):195-203
The progeny of four breeding lines of Sydney rock oysters, Saccostrea commercialis, selected for faster growth over two generations, were compared with controls in an 18-month farming experiment. Mean whole weights of oysters from all four selection lines did not differ significantly from each other but, were significantly greater (P<0.05) than mean whole weight of controls (spat produced from two groups of non-selected oyster populations). The mean increase in weight for the selection lines over the controls of 18% (range 14–23%) after two generations of selection (third generation) compares extremely favourably with the 4% reported previously after one generation of selection. 相似文献
5.
XLP涂料对合浦珠母贝成活率、生长及附着生物量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了XLP防污涂料对合浦珠母贝Pinctada fucata成活率、生长及附着生物量的影响。经XLP防污涂料处理后的贝，其附着生物量明显低于对照组；经防污涂料处理后的养殖网笼具，其附着生物量也明显低于对照组；贝和养殖网笼具同时用XLP防污涂料处理时，防生物附着的效果最好。经XLP防污涂料处理后，处理前期（30～60d）合浦珠母贝养殖成活率与对照组的成活率接近，或者略低于对照组；养殖120d后试验组成活率则高于对照组。使用XLP防污涂料处理后养殖120d，合浦珠母贝的个体大小及体重高于对照组。试验结果表明，使用XLP防污涂料能有效防御污损生物附着，有利于合浦珠母贝的养殖。 相似文献
6.
The progeny of four 4th generation Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata (Gould, 1850) breeding lines that were selected for fast growth were compared in a 3‐year farming experiment. Oysters of the most improved breeding line (line 2) reached market size (≥50‐g whole weight) 15 months earlier than non‐selected control oysters (3 years and 5 months). The average reduction in time to market size for oysters of all four breeding lines was 12.5 months. 相似文献
7.
The gonadal development and gametogenic cycle of transplanted-cultured pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata martensii, were investigated using individuals collected monthly from Tong-Young along the south coast of Korea from October 2000 to September 2001. The result of monthly change of condition index was similar to tissue weight rate. The highest value was observed in June and the lowest value was observed in November. The gonad of the pearl oyster was located around the digestive diverticula. The ripe testis was milky white while the ovary was light brown. The spawning period of the pearl oyster extended from April to August, with a peak between June and July. The gametogenic cycle could be classified into five successive stages: multiplicative stage (November to February), growing stage (January to March), mature stage (March and April), spawning stage (April to August) and resting stage (September to November). 相似文献
8.
ABSTRACT: Genetic evidence of the occurrence of natural hybridization between female Pinctada fucata and male Pinctada maculata among wild pearl oysters ( n = 20) collected for use as the mother shell for private pearl farming in the Oshima Strait at Amami-o-shima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, were obtained. A polymerase chain reaction-based species identification method for Pinctada was developed using polymorphisms in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. This method enabled the amplification of the ITS regions using a primer set specific for P. maculata and P. fucata . However, 10 of 20 individuals morphologically identified as P. fucata had sequences specific to both P. maculata and P. fucata in the ITS region. These putative hybrids showed sequences of a maternally inherited mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, identical to that of P. fucata . Shells of the putative hybrids were difficult to discriminate from those of P. fucata exhibiting similar taxonomic traits. Moreover, the hybrids exhibited slower growth than P. fucata but faster growth than P. maculata . 相似文献
9.
为比较企鹅珍珠贝[（Röding,1798）]海南金唇选育系（GLHH）、海南白唇选育系（WLHH）、广西金唇选育系（GLGG）和广西白唇选育系（WLGG）的生长存活差异,及了解4个选育系的生长规律,自2018年1月底至2018年12月底连续监测养殖于海南陵水黎族自治县新村港的4个企鹅珍珠贝选育系F3的存活率及其壳长、壳高、壳宽、铰合线长和体重的生长情况。使用单因素方差分析和生长模型拟合等方法对数据进行分析。结果显示,4个企鹅珍珠贝选育系的生长及存活率存在显著差异（<0.05）,海南金唇选育系的生长及存活率最优,广西白唇选育系的生长及存活率最差,表明企鹅珍珠贝的生长存活可能与环境、贝龄、壳色和地理种群有关。SGompertz生长模型为企鹅珍珠贝5个生长性状的通用生长模型。研究表明,4个企鹅珍珠贝选育系的生长规律存在差异,且企鹅珍珠贝5个生长性状的生长规律存在差异,其中壳长和铰合线长的生长拐点出现得最早,分别出现在7.9（GLHH）~8.5（WLHH）月龄和7.9（GLHH）~9.1（WLGG）月龄;其次是壳高和壳宽,生长拐点分别出现在11.6（GLHH）~15.9（WLGG）月龄和11.8（GLHH）~14.3（WLGG）月龄时;体重的生长拐点出现得最晚,在15.8（GLHH）~18.7（WLGG）月龄。该研究结果表明海南金唇选育系早期生长阶段具有高存活率和优良的生长性能,广西白唇选育系可能具有最大的生长潜力（生长性状的生长极限最大）,本研究可为企鹅珍珠贝的良种选育、健康养殖及优质珍珠的生产提供借鉴。 相似文献
10.
贝龄对马氏珠母贝植核贝生长、成活率和育珠性状的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
以马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)速长系F2为材料,分析了贝龄对植核贝生长、成活率和育珠性状影响。实验设2.0龄贝植核组(A)、2.0龄贝对照组(B),1.5龄贝植核组(C)和1.5龄贝对照组(D),按照常规技术进行插核手术与海区养殖,育珠期为450 d。在插核后第15、30、60、180、270和450天,比较各组的平均体质量和成活率差异;在插核后270 d和450 d,比较A和C组留核率、珍珠层厚度、优质珠率和珍珠产量的差异。结果表明,在插核后第15、30、60、180和270和450天,4个组的平均体质量和成活率均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),C和D组的成活率显著大于A和B组(P<0.05),C和D组的体质量日增长率显著大于A和B组(P<0.05)。在插核后第270天,A和C组的留核率、珍珠层厚度和珍珠产量均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),A和C组间优质珠率差异不显著(P>0.05);在插核后第450天,C组留核率、珍珠厚度、优质珠率和珍珠产量均显著大于A组(P<0.05)。结论认为,利用低龄贝进行插核育珠明显提高植核贝的留核率、成活率和珍珠层厚度,从而能够提高珍珠质量。本研究旨在为合理设计马氏珠母贝的养殖模式提供科学依据。 相似文献
11.
Phenotypic indicators for cultured pearl size improvement in the black‐lipped pearl oyster (Pinctada margaritifera): towards selection for the recipient growth performance 
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下载免费PDF全文 The black‐lipped pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera, is the most important farmed species in French Polynesia and the basis of the most valuable export industry. Mass production of black pearls relies on a surgical operation requiring tissue from a donor pearl oyster to be grafted, together with a nucleus made of shell, into the gonad of a recipient oyster. Improving pearl size through family selection remains one of the main challenges for future aquaculture development. This study analyses the relative contribution of donor and recipient oysters to pearl size. To this end, hatchery‐produced donor oysters of two batches, large and small (based on shell height), were used to supply grafts for recipients, which were then monitored individually for their growth performance by recording shell height, width, and thickness, and total live weight (flesh + shells) every 6 months (four biometric measurement times) over 20 months of culture. Pearls issued from the two batches of donors showed no significant differences in nacre weight or thickness. In contrast, recipient oyster shell height and total weight were increasingly positively correlated with these pearl size parameters over the culture period, becoming significant at 8 months post‐grafting. Potential therefore exists to use shell height and oyster weight as phenotypic indicators for selective breeding of recipient oysters with high growth performance to increase pearl size in P. margaritifera. 相似文献
12.
9个马氏珠母贝家系的中期生长性状评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2008年3月以2006年构建的4个家系F1为亲本,采用不完全双列杂交法,成功构建了9个马氏珠母贝（Pinctadafacata）家系,在相同养殖条件下对其壳高、壳长、壳宽和体质量进行了周年测量,对不同遗传背景的家系和不同时期4个生长性状的生长速率进行了比较分析。结果显示,不同家系间及不同生长时期在各性状上存在显著差异（P〈0．05）。9个家系的壳高生长速率顺序为F11〉F4〉F9〉F3〉F6〉F12〉F2〉F7〉F5,壳长生长速率顺序为F11〉174〉F3〉F9〉F12〉F2〉F6〉F7〉F5,壳宽生长速率顺序为F6〉F11〉F3〉P9〉F4〉F12〉F2〉F5〉F7,体质量生长速率顺序为F11〉F12〉179〉F3〉F7〉F2〉F4〉F5〉F6。F11、附和F、9家系壳高生长较快,F11家系壳长生长较快,F11、F3和F9家系壳宽生长较快,F11、F12和F9家系体质量生长较快,彼此间差异显著（P〈0．05）。在不同的生长时期各生长指标差异显著性有所不同,10月～12月以壳高、壳长和壳宽增长较为显著,3月～5月以体质量增长较为显著;慢速生长期各生长性状指标增长速率差异均不显著,而快速增长时期各生长性状增长速率均存在显著性差异。筛选出生长性状最优的家系F11,为通过家系选择培育优良品种提供了遗传素材,同时为家系育种策略的制定提供了指导。 相似文献
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14.
To understand the relationships between shell growth and some environmental factors, we examined the relationships between water temperature or chlorophyll abundance and the shell growth of the Japanese pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata martensii, suspended at three different depths at two sites. Growth in height, length and thickness of the shells were limited by water temperature during winter (< 20 °C), whereas growth in thickness correlated with food abundance, measured as chlorophyll, during early summer (> 20 °C). These results suggest that the shell of P. fucata martensii could grow well at locations with greater abundance of food and adequate water temperatures (20–26 °C), resulting in a longer growing season. 相似文献
15.
采用同源克隆和RT-PCR技术对合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)热休克蛋白hsp70基因进行了克隆和表达分析。获得cDNA全长序列2 365 bp,其中3’非编码区域(UTR)为318 bp,5’UTR为88 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为1 959 bp,编码652个氨基酸,分子量约为71.39 kD,理论等电点为5.22,并含有3个HSP70家族的签名序列IDLGTTYS、DLGGGTFD和EEVD。同源性分析表明,合浦珠母贝HSP70的氨基酸序列与太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)等双壳贝类的相似性高达86%以上,基于氨基酸序列的聚类分析表明,合浦珠母贝与牡蛎属种类亲缘关系最近。高温、高盐刺激后,半定量RT-PCR检测发现hsp70基因的表达明显增加,高温刺激的表达量高于高盐刺激,高温刺激组不同组织的表达量由大到小依次为鳃、消化腺、外套膜、肌肉、性腺,高盐刺激组不同组织的表达量由大到小依次为鳃、外套膜、肌肉、消化腺、性腺,表明HSP70参与了机体对刺激的应答过程。该基因的克隆为进一步深入研究合浦珠母贝的抗逆机理及其遗传改良奠定了重要基础。 相似文献
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The Sydney rock oyster breeding programme began in 1990 and initially focused on faster growth and resistance to winter mortality disease (WM, Bonamia roughleyi) before including QX disease (QX, Marteilia sydneyi) resistance in 1997. Four generations of oysters have now been exposed to these diseases at three sites in the Georges River, NSW, Australia (Lime Kiln Bar, LKB; Woolooware Bay, WB; and, Quibray Bay, QB). Non‐selected control oysters and lines developed at each site (Line 1 – LKB, Line 2 – WB, Line 3 – QB) were placed at the three sites alongside a new QX‐resistant line (Line 4) bred from QX survivors in other NSW estuaries. Line 1 oysters grew to a marketable size (>50 g) in two years with minimal losses following QX disease outbreaks: 28% mortality compared with 97% in controls. Losses in Line 3 oysters selected for WM resistance at QB were reduced by more than half (23% versus 52%). Line 2 performed best at WB, but this line showed excellent resistance to QX at LKB and WM at QB, indicating that breeding for resistance to both diseases is effective. However, selection of oysters for QX did not confer resistance to WM and vice versa. 相似文献
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对本实验室和其他学者已经发表的马氏珠母贝外套膜和珍珠囊的454焦磷酸测序转录组数据以及NCBI中的EST数据进行了重组装、同源序列比对和GO注释分析。重组装获得了30266个contig,平均长度522 bp,其中最长的contig为4144 bp;NR数据库BLAST分析获取了2310个相似性contig(E≤10?5),其中1902个在模式动物(人、小鼠、海胆、线虫、斑马鱼、果蝇或者太平洋牡蛎和珠母贝)中可以查找到同源序列。基因注释(GO)结果表明,注释到生物学过程的3846个contig可分为23个亚类,其中代谢过程蛋白、细胞过程蛋白和生物学调控蛋白为contig数量最多的3个亚类;注释到分子功能的4601个contig共分为11个亚类,其中结合蛋白的contig数量最多,其次是具有催化活性的蛋白和结构分子活性蛋白;注释到细胞成分的2992个contig分为17个亚类,其中细胞和细胞组成部分的contig数量最多,其次分别是细胞器和大分子复合体contig数量。本研究结果有助于开展外套膜和珍珠囊特异性表达基因的大规模筛选。 相似文献
19.
Lijun You Yuzhe Li Haifeng Zhao Joe Regenstein Jiaoyan Ren 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(7):661-671
Protein from pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata martensii) was purified and characterized. Results showed that the pearl muscle protein (PMP) was composed of a single polypeptide with a molecular weight of approximate 11.6 kDa and contained 95.1% of the protein and 4.92% of the carbohydrate of the oyster. The polypeptide appears to be a glycoprotein, since the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of the PMP shows the typical characteristics of protein and polysaccharides. The denaturation temperature of the PMP was 81.3°C by differential scanning calorimetry. Circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that the PMP has a highly ordered structure. The PMP (200 μg/mL) showed a high oxygen radical absorbance activity (ORAC) of 6.57 μmol Trolox/μmol protein. Its antioxidant activity was stable at temperatures from 30–80°C and pH 2–10. The antioxidant activity was significantly inhibited by Zn2+, Ca2+, and EDTA and enhanced by Mn2+. The results suggest that the PMP could be used as a potential natural antioxidant. 相似文献
20.
Is pearl colour produced from Pinctada margaritifera predictable through shell phenotypes and rearing environments selections? 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Chin‐Long Ky Lore Le Pabic Manaarii Sham Koua Nicolas Molinari Seiji Nakasai Dominique Devaux 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(3):1041-1057
The black‐lipped pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera, is the most important farmed mollusc species in French Polynesia. Donor oyster selection among wild P. margaritifera individuals, chosen according to their inner shell colour, makes it possible to obtain the broadest range of cultured pearl colours of any species. This study demonstrates the relative influence of using black [B] or red [R] outer shell phenotypes, combined with green [G] or yellow [Y] inner shell phenotypes, on pearl darkness level, colour categories and lustre. A large scale grafting experiment was designed and carried out over five grow‐out locations, covering three archipelagos: Tuamotus, Society and Gambier. Results revealed that the [B + G] phenotypes may be used as donors to produce dark green pearl, which suit the demands of the Asian market; whereas, phenotypes incorporating [R] and/or [Y] phenotypes may be used to obtain multicolour pearls of medium/light darkness, which suit the demands of the European market. From an environmental point of view, the 1) [B] phenotype showed no significant variation for light and other pearl colour production, and 2) [Y] phenotype produced both the same rate of pearl darkness level and green colour pearls whatever the grow‐out location. A classification tree model was built to predict, according to shell phenotype and culture location, the colour and darkness level of harvested pearls. Lustre was shown to be more influenced by the environment than by phenotype. These results should be taken into account in pearl farm production management and in selective breeding programmes. 相似文献