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1.
本实验分别用马立克氏病（ＭＤ）三价苗和ＨＶＴ疫苗肌肉注射免疫１日龄雏鸡，在１０、２０、４０、６０和９０日龄以兔抗鸡ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ和ＩｇＡ重链抗血清为一抗，用彩色免疫金银染色法检测法氏囊、脾脏、盲肠扁桃体和哈德尔腺的ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ和ＩｇＡ抗体生成细胞的动态变化。结果发现：雏鸡ＭＤ疫苗免疫后，法氏囊和脾脏的ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ和ＩｇＡ抗体生成细胞较对照鸡显著增多，盲肠扁桃体以ＩｇＡ抗体生成细胞为主、哈德尔腺以ＩｇＧ抗体生成细胞居多的三种抗体生成细胞数量均明显升高；三价苗免疫鸡的抗体生成细胞显著多于ＨＶＴ疫苗免疫鸡。说明ＭＤ疫苗免疫鸡全身免疫器官、呼吸道和消化道相关局部免疫组织的体液免疫反应显著增强，三价苗免疫鸡的体液免疫应答水平明显高于ＨＶＴ疫苗免疫鸡。  相似文献   

2.
Distribution of immunoglobulin (Ig)-containing cells and secretory component in internal organs of two 15-day-old embryos and 17 chickens, 1 to 480 days old, were examined by fluorescent antibody technique. In 15-day-old embryos, Ig-containing cells were not found in gut, bursa, spleen, or thymus. The bursa of Fabricius synthesized IgM, IgG, and IgA in as young as 1-day-old chicks. In extrabursal organs, IgM-containing cells were already present in intestine of 1-day-old chicks, but IgA-containing cells appeared in intestine, thymus, and spleen between the 3rd and 7th day after hatching. Very few IgG-containing cells were in intestine on the 3rd and 7th day after hatching. Secretory component was found in epithelial surfaces of intestine and ductus choledochus of most chickens examined. The presence of secretory component and IgA-containing cells in intestine supported the existence of secretory-immunologic system in chickens.  相似文献   

3.
以马立克氏病病毒（ＭＤＶ）感染１日龄肉用雏鸡，在感染后５、２５、４５ｄ采取法氏囊、脾脏、盲肠扁桃体和哈德尔腺，用彩色免疫金银染色法检查免疫器官组织中ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ和ＩｇＡ抗体生成细胞数量的动态变化。结果：ＭＤＶ感染雏鸡的法氏囊、脾脏和哈德尔腺中以ＩｇＧ抗体生成细胞居多，ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ和ＩｇＡ抗体生成细胞均较正常对照鸡显著减少；盲肠扁桃体中以ＩｇＡ抗体生成细胞居多，ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＭ抗体生成细胞数量显著低于正常对照鸡。由此表明，ＭＤＶ感染鸡全身免疫器官和消化道、呼吸道局部粘膜体液免疫机能明显抑制。  相似文献   

4.
We investigated the distribution of B and T cells in the peripheral blood of haematologically inconspicuous (non‐persistent lymphocytotic, PL?) cattle infected with the bovine leukaemia virus (BLV). Flow cytometric data were obtained from six PL? cattle and compared with six age‐matched animals with persistent lymphocytosis (PL+) and five non‐infected healthy controls (BLV?). In the PL? group, the percentage and number of surface immunoglobulin‐positive (sIg+) B cells were significantly reduced. Whereas in BLV? cattle, about 40% of the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were sIg+ and 24% were sIgM+ B cells. In the PL? group, less than 20% of the PBL were sIg+ and sIgM+ B cells. Only 5% of the PBL co‐expressed sIgM+ and CD5+ versus 16% in BLV?. This decrease was persistent over 3 years and predominantly affected: (i) B cells that did not express sIgM; (ii) sIgM+ B cells co‐expressing CD5 and CD11b; and (iii) equally both λ‐ and κ‐type light chain B‐cell subpopulations. In contrast, the number of all circulating lymphocytes, CD5? and CD11b? sIgM+ B cells and CD2+ T cells did not differ. In PL+ animals, about 75% of the PBL were sIgM+CD5+ B cells. These cells were of polyclonal origin, as light chains of the λ‐ and κ‐type were expressed in a ratio of 4:1 (57.7% of PBL λ+, 14% κ+) as in BLV? animals (33.6% of PBL λ+, 8.7% κ+). In PL+ cattle the absolute number of B‐cells and, therefore, their relative percentage is significantly increased. For this reason, even in case of absolutely increased T‐cell numbers, the relative percentage of T‐cells could be lower than in normal controls. The cause for the observed B cell decrease in PL? cattle is unknown, but it can be assumed that cytotoxic T cells are involved in this B‐cell lymphopenia.  相似文献   

5.
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6.
对１日龄雏鸡感染鸡传染性贫血病毒（ＣＩＡＶ）后免疫器官法氏囊、脾脏和胸腺的ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＡ抗体生成细胞数量的动态变化进行了检测。结果发现,感染雏鸡法氏囊、脾脏和胸腺的３种抗体生成细胞数量均程度不同地低于未感染对照雏鸡,其中法氏囊的ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ抗体生成细胞和ＩｇＡ抗体生成细胞分别在感染后７～３５ｄ和１４～３５ｄ明显减少;脾脏红髓、白髓和淋巴小结的ＩｇＧ抗体生成细胞分别于７～３５ｄ、１４～３５ｄ和１４～２１ｄ明显减少,ＩｇＭ抗体生成细胞分别在７～４２ｄ、２８～３５ｄ和１４ｄ时明显减少,ＩｇＡ抗体生成细胞仅在红髓中（７～２８ｄ）明显减少;胸腺髓质的ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＡ抗体生成细胞分别在１４～２８ｄ、７～２１ｄ和２１ｄ时明显减少。结果表明,ＣＩＡＶ感染雏鸡免疫器官的体液免疫功能明显降低。  相似文献   

7.
This study aimed at investigating the effects of dietary Allium sativum (garlic, G) and Allium cepa (onion, O) on immune functions in White Leghorn chicken. One‐week‐old chicks, were fed diets without (control) or with Alliums (GL and OL, 10 g or GH and OH, 30 g/kg diet). Chickens were immunized with Newcastle disease virus (NDV), sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and Brucella abortus (BA). Antibodies, lymphocyte proliferation, and ratios of CD4+, CD8+ and CD4‐CD8‐ lymphocytes were investigated. Histology and weights of the spleen, thymus and bursa (BF), and white blood cell (WBC) counts were studied as well. Alliums at 10 g/kg diet enhanced anti‐NDV, anti‐SRBC and anti‐BA antibody productions, whereas 30 g/kg diet had less stimulatory effects. Histology of the lymphoid organs and proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were not influenced. However, splenocyte and thymocyte proliferations were augmented with garlic. Flow cytometry analysis showed reduction in CD4+ and increase in CD4‐CD8‐ lymphocyte ratios in GH and OH groups. Garlic‐supplemented chickens had heavier spleen and thymus, and higher WBC counts, whereas BF weight increased with both Alliums at 30 g/kg diet. These results suggest that dietary Alliums have a potential to enhance the immune functions in White Leghorn chickens.  相似文献   

8.
Despite the fact that, in a number of countries, vaccination programmes are extensively used to control Salmonella infection in poultry, information on the immune mechanisms, especially the cellular response, is still needed. The aim of the study was to characterise the B cell and macrophage response in caecum (IgA+, IgM+, IgG+ cells, macrophages), bursa of Fabricius (IgM+ cells, macrophages), and spleen (IgM+ cells) of chicks after oral administration of a non-attenuated Salmonella (S.) typhimurium wild-type strain (infection) or an attenuated commercial live S. typhimurium vaccine strain (immunisation) to day-old chicks as compared to non-treated control birds using immunohistochemistry and image analysis. In caecum, higher counts of IgM-secreting cells were detected in infected animals compared with the controls from day 5 until day 12 of age. In contrast, in treated groups, IgA-secreting cells were found in higher numbers only between day 8 and 12 of age. Infected birds showed a higher number of IgA+ cells in spleen and bursa of Fabricius compared to the controls. In the bursa of Fabricius of immunised and infected birds, a depletion of strongly stained IgM+ cells and macrophages was established between day 5 and 9 indicating a possibly special and independent role of this organ during the immunological reaction against Salmonella organisms. The results suggest that IgM- and IgA-secreting cells are of importance in the caecal immune response of chickens against Salmonella strains. Immunised chickens always showed a weaker immune reaction compared to infected animals. Present findings regarding the B cell reaction within avian caeca prove a participation of both humoral and cellular immunity in defence against Salmonella strains. Immunohistochemical examination of the cellular response (B cells and macrophages) in relevant organs of chickens may be an important tool to evaluate the immunogenic characteristics of potential Salmonella live vaccine candidates.  相似文献   

9.
In our previous study, a cell wall preparation of Enterococcus faecalis strain EC‐12 (EC‐12) prevented the colonization of vancomycin‐resistant enterococci (VRE) in newly hatched broiler chicks. Relatively early prevention against VRE colonization by EC‐12 administration may be related to the enhanced innate immune system. In this study we examined the effect of EC‐12 on the kinetics of immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration in the cecal digesta of chicks from 1 day to 14 days old to evaluate humoral immunity. We also examined the effect of EC‐12 on β‐defensin mRNA expression and lysozyme production. The IgA concentration in the cecal digesta showed a decline in chicks from 2 to 8 days old and then a recovery up to when they were 14 days old. The concentration tended to be higher in EC‐12‐administered chicks than in control chicks at 14 days old. EC‐12 administration did not stimulate the lysozyme activities in the alimentary tract. However, β‐defensin mRNA expression in the tongue and the bursa of Fabricius was higher in chicks administered EC‐12 than in the control chicks at 5 days old. These results indicate that β‐defensin may be one of the major defense mechanisms inhibiting VRE colonization in young chicks.  相似文献   

10.
３日龄雏鸡禽成髓细胞性白血病强毒（ｖＡＭＶ）人工感染后,禽成髓细胞性白血病（ＡｖｉａｎＭｙｅｌｏｂｌａｓｔｏｓｉｓ,ＡＭＢ）发病率８６．７％,死亡率７０％;雏鸡ｖＡＭＶ感染１０日龄脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊、心脏、肝脏、肾脏和性腺组织中指质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）含量高于（Ｐ＞０．０５）或显著高于（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）健康对照雏鸡;１７日龄后各器官组织中ＬＰＯ含量则低于（Ｐ＞０．０５）或显著低于（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）健康对照雏鸡。  相似文献   

11.
腺胃病变型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒强毒株的培育   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
用腺胃病变形鸡传染性支气管炎病毒分离株IBV－D971株接种1日龄SPF鸡，连续传10年代，培育出了腺胃病变型鸡传染性支气管炎强毒株IBV－D971J株。IBV－D971J10对SPF鸡胚的致病力为10^-6.45ELD50/0.2mL,对1日龄SPF鸡的致病力为10^-1.5LD50/1mL，从死亡鸡的心，肝，脾，肺，肾，腺胃，肌胃，法氏囊等均能分离到IBV，IBV－D971J10不含鸡新城疫，禽流感，鸡马立克氏病，鸡传染性法氏囊炎，网状内皮组绢增殖病等外源病毒，对SPF鸡可引起典型的腺胃炎，肌胃炎，间质性肾炎等是变化。  相似文献   

12.
This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the development of immune function in chicks under heat stress (HS). One‐day‐old male Wenchang chicks were randomly divided into control (CK), HS and GABA+HS groups. The GABA+HS group was fed with 0.2 ml GABA solution (50 mg/kg) daily by oral gavage. The HS and GABA+HS groups were placed in 40 ± 0.5 °C environment for 2 h heat treatment from 13:00 each day. Blood samples were routinely taken at 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days respectively, and the contents of T and B lymphocyte subsets in the blood and tissue were analysed by flow cytometry after FITC/PE double staining; the plasma levels of interleukin (IL)‐2, immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgG and IgM were determined using ELISA. The thymus and the bursa of fabricius were also collected to analyse for organ index and observe for the changes in tissue microstructure. In addition, the chicks received primary and secondary immunizations with attenuated Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine (LaSota strain) at 7 and 28 days respectively; conventional hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay was performed to monitor the titre changes in plasma antibody against ND virus in the birds. Our results indicated that the indices of both thymus and bursa of fabricius, the intactness of tissue structure and development, the plasma levels of IL‐2, IgA, IgG and IgM, the titres of ND antibody, and the levels of B and T lymphocyte subsets in HS group were all significantly lower than those in CK group (p < 0.05). However, all above indices were significantly improved in GABA+HS group compared with those in HS group (p < 0.05). These results demonstrated that while HS seriously affected the development of immune function in Wenchang chicks, GABA effectively alleviated the damages of HS to the development of immune function in chicks.  相似文献   

13.
1. Corticosterone (680 μg/kg body weight per day) given as six daily injections to 3‐ or 7‐week‐old chicks decreased weight gain, but increased food consumption, abdominal fat pad weight, skin dry matter, relative liver size and liver fat concentration.

2. Time of day of injection did not modify the response to corticosterone of 3‐week‐old chicks kept under natural daylight nor of 7‐week‐old broilers receiving additional illumination.

3. Pure White Rock chicks and Cornish x White Rock crossbred chicks responded similarly to corticosterone injections at 3 weeks of age.

4. Seven‐week‐old female birds treated with corticosterone had significantly larger abdominal fat pads than similarly treated males.

5. Corticosterone injection was more effective in increasing the proportion of liver fat in 7‐week‐old birds than in 3‐week‐old ?hicks.

6. The increased amount of abdominal and liver fat due to corticosterone injections administered at 3 weeks of age disappeared after 3 weeks, but growth depression was still evident.  相似文献   


14.
本项目应用现代免疫学新技术对鸡传染性贫血病（CIA）-传染性法氏囊病（IBD）疫苗联合免疫母鸡后,其子代雏鸡外周血液T、B细胞数量和IgG、IgM、IgA含量法及法氏囊、胸腺、脾脏、盲肠扁桃体、哈德尔腺的T细胞和IgG、IgM、IgA抗体生成细胞数量以及泪液、气管液、胆汁、肠液的IgA、IgM、IgG含量的变化进行了动态研究。结果发现,CIA-IBD疫苗联合免疫母鸡后,其子代雏鸡外周血液、免疫器官组织和局部体液的上述各项指标均不同程度地高于未免疫的相应对照雏鸡。表明CIA-IBD疫苗免疫母鸡后,其子代雏鸡的体液免疫和细胞免疫功能明显增强,而CIAV-IBDV强毒攻击后,未免疫的子代雏鸡,其外周血液,免疫器官组织和局部体液的各项免疫学指标均明显低于疫苗免疫攻毒的子代雏鸡,这与未免疫雏鸡缺乏特异性抗体,强毒攻击后,雏鸡免疫器官组织广泛损害,淋巴细胞变性坏死等有关。  相似文献   

15.
The critical time of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J)-mediated immunosuppression was determined by body weight, relative immune organ weight, histopathology, and presence of group specific antigen and antibodies in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. CD4+ and CD8+ cell activity in the spleen, total and differential leukocyte counts in blood, and viral RNA levels in spleen were measured. Significant growth suppression was observed in the two ALV-J-infected groups. A strong immune response by infected groups was present in spleen at 2-weeks-of-age, but after 4-weeks-of-age, the response decreased quickly. The thymus and bursa showed persistent immunosuppression until 4-weeks-of-age. Proliferation of fibroblasts and dendritic cells were observed in immune organs at 4- and 5-weeks-of-age. However, the granulocyte cell number was markedly lower in the infected groups than in the control group. In group 1 (day 1 infection) CD4+ cells increased during the second week but significantly decreased during the fourth week, while group 2 (day 7 infection) showed the opposite effect. Viral RNA increased significantly by the fourth week. These data identify 3~4 weeks post-infection as the key time at which the ALV-J virus exerts its immunosuppressive effects on the host.  相似文献   

16.
Two hundred turkey breeder hens and 24 viable toms of 30–35 weeks age of small white variety were distributed into two treatment groups having four replicates of 25 hens and three toms in each treatment. First four replicates were offered a turkey breeder diet (Diet A) (Nutrient requirements of poultry, 1994, National Academic Press, Washington, DC) and the rest four replicates were maintained on a higher plane of nutrition (Diet B) for 8‐week duration. After 6 weeks of experimental feeding, two replicates from each treatment groups were vaccinated with ND (R2B) vaccine. Yolk sac of embryo from birds fed Diet B had a significantly higher (p < .05) IgG, IgM level and HI titre (log 2) than those fed Diet A. HI titre values of embryonic yolk sac from the vaccinated birds fed Diet B were significantly higher (p < .05) than that of the control groups. In addition, HI titre values were significantly higher (p < .05) in the day‐old poults of the birds fed Diet B than that of those fed Diet A. There was significantly (p < .01) positive correlation between serum IgG and IgM of the breeder birds and day‐old chicks. Similarly, there was significantly (p < .05) positive correlation between yolk IgG and IgM after 1‐month experimental feeding and yolk sac IgG and IgM. Positive correlation (p < .05) also existed between yolk sac IgM and day‐old chick serum IgM. Furthermore, the HI titres of breeder birds' serum at 14 days post‐vaccination were positively correlated with their egg yolk after 10 and 15 days post‐vaccination, yolk sac and day‐old chicks. Thus, the study envisaged that a higher immunity in neonate poults from turkey breeders maintained on a higher plane of nutrition may be elicited as there was maternal transfer of antibodies from the serum of breeder birds to their offsprings through their yolk sac.  相似文献   

17.
为探究金丝小枣多糖（ZJP）对免疫抑制蛋雏鸡生长性能和免疫指标的影响，本试验将900只健康且体重相近的1日龄京红1号蛋鸡随机分为6组，每组6个重复，每个重复25只鸡。Ⅰ组为空白对照组，饲喂基础饲粮；Ⅱ~Ⅵ组在7~9日龄时注射100 mg/kg体重的环磷酰胺，每天1次，建立免疫抑制模型，并分别在基础饲粮中加入600 mg/kg黄芪多糖（APS）及0、400、800和1 600 mg/kg ZJP。试验期为6周。结果显示，ZJP可在不同程度上显著缓解环磷酰胺导致的42日龄体重、22~42和1~42日龄的平均日增重、胸腺和法氏囊指数、聚合免疫球蛋白受体、分泌型免疫球蛋白A （sIgA）及血清中免疫球蛋白A （IgA）和IgG的降低及22~42日龄料重比（F/G）的升高，并且料重比、IgA和IgG达到了APS组的水平。由此得出，在本试验条件下，在基础饲粮中添加适宜水平的ZJP可不同程度改善环磷酰胺所致的生长缓慢和免疫功能低下。  相似文献   

18.
用商品益生素和自制益生素分别灌服1日龄雏鸡，灌服益生素后1、4、7、10、18d测定胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊的器官指数动态变化，用间接酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法测定泪液、气管液、胆汁和肠液的IgA、IgM、IgG相对含量的动态变化，结果发现服用商品益生素的雏鸡免疫器官指数在第7天高于未服用益生素的对照雏鸡，上述4种体液的IgA、IgM、IgG相对含量在服用益生素后7～10d高于未服用益生素的对照雏鸡，服用自制益生素的雏鸡上述4种体液的IgA、IgM、IgG相对含量在服用益生素后4～7d高于未服用益生素的对照雏鸡。表明益生素对雏鸡的免疫系统有一定的影响，能够促进免疫器官的生长发育，提高雏鸡呼吸道和消化道局部体液的免疫球蛋白相对含量。  相似文献   

19.
This experiment was undertaken to examine the effect of beak trimming stress on the growth performance and immune system, and to consider possible roles of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) in this stress response. Results showed that body weight, feed intake and relative spleen weight were significantly increased by GABA at 80 mg/kg (P < 0.05) under beak trimming stress, whereas the relative organ weights of the bursa of fabricius and thymus were not significantly affected (P > 0.05). Adrenocorticotropic hormone concentration in serum was highest for chicks fed the GABA‐deficient water and was significantly decreased by the supplement of GABA at days 1, 3 and 5 after beak trimming (P < 0.05). The supplement of GABA significantly increased the proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, especially at the dose of 60 mg/kg (P < 0.05). The levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, lipopolysaccharide‐induced tumor necrosis factor‐α and IL‐6 in serum were significantly decreased by GABA at 80 mg/kg (P < 0.05). All the three cytokines expressed in the spleen were significantly decreased by GABA at 80 mg/kg when birds were under beak trimming stress (P < 0.05). It is concluded that beak trimming suppressed the immune response of chicks, whereas the immune response of chicks could be improved by GABA supplementation.  相似文献   

20.
Hand rearing of neonates is a common practice for the propagation of psittacines. However, nutritional requirements for their growth and development are not well understood, and malnutrition is common. We analysed the amino acid (AA) profile of the crop contents of 19 free‐living scarlet macaw (Ara macao) chicks, 19–59 days old. Predicted metabolizable energy (PME) density was 16.9 MJ/kg DM and true protein (total AA protein) 8.3 g/MJ PME. Crude protein (CP) was 10.0 g/MJ PME, lower than the requirements of 0‐ to 12‐week‐old leghorn chicks but not different than the requirements of growing budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) and lovebirds (Agapornis spp.). The mean concentrations of leucine, isoleucine, threonine, lysine (Lys) and methionine on a PME basis were below the minimum requirements of 0‐ to 12–week‐old leghorn‐type chicks. The calculated PME density of the samples did not vary with age. However, there was a significant negative correlation between the average age of the chicks and the Lys concentration. We conclude that the lower CP and AA densities compared with poultry could result from a combination of (i) differences in the essential AA composition of the body tissues, (ii) adaptations that allow the birds to grow on low‐protein food sources and (iii) suboptimal nutrition of these free‐ranging chicks.  相似文献   

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