共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
选用12头体况良好、14～15月龄、体重(262±3.5)kg的健康母水牛,按随机区组的试验设计分为3组进行饲养试验、消化代谢试验和气体代谢试验,以获得14～15月龄母水牛能量需要量。3组试验日粮均由精料和粗料(象草和发酵菠萝皮)组成。3组日粮粗蛋白水平一致(11.10%),能量水平不同,产奶净能分别为6.28(第1组),6.14(第2组)和6.00 MJ/kg(第3组)。饲养试验包括15 d的预试期和30 d的正试期,在正试期的第24和28天分别进行为期7 d的消化代谢试验和3 d的气体代谢试验,饲养试验结束后,试牛断料不断水,从绝食的第4天起进行为期2 d的绝食代谢试验。结果表明:14～15月龄母水牛正常采食状态下水牛畜体产热(HP)为0.638 MJ/(W0.75.d),绝食状态下水牛畜体产热(FHP)为0.321 MJ/(W0.75.d),热增耗(HI)为0.317 MJ/(W0.75.d),能量消化率为66.49%,能量代谢率为54.23/%。14～15月龄母水牛用于维持的净能需要量为0.401 MJ/(W0.75.d),每增重1 kg所需要的净能为12.22 MJ。14～15月龄母水牛总净能需要量可以按以下公式计算:NE(MJ/d)=(0.401+0.184△W)W0.75;NE(MJ/d)=0.401 W0.75+12.22△W,式中△W为日增重(kg/d)。 相似文献
2.
本研究旨在通过试验手段研究生长母水牛能量需要量.试验选用12头体况良好,12～13月龄,体重相近[(209±20)kg]的健康生长母水牛,按随机区组的试验设计分为3组进行能量平衡试验,通过测定能量摄人量、消化率、产热量等研究其能量需要.3组试验日粮均由精料和粗料(象草和发酵菠萝皮)组成.3组精料粗蛋白质水平一致(17.5%),能量水平不同,产奶净能分别为6.71、6.40和6.07 MJ/kg.饲养试验包括15 d预试期和30 d正试期,在正试期第24和28天分别进行为期7 d的消化代谢试验和3 d的气体代谢试验.试验结果表明,本研究条件下,12～13月龄生长母水牛正常采食状态下产热量(HP)为0.551 MJ/(W0.75·d),能量消化率为66.49%,能量代谢率为50.34%.生长母水牛用于维持的净能需要量为0.401 MJ/(W0.75·d),每增重1 kg所需要的净能为19.00 MJ.12～13月龄生长母水牛净能总需要量可以按以下公式计算:NE(MJ/d)=(0.401+0.319△W)W0.75或NE(MJ/d)=0.401W0.75+19.00△W,式中△W为牛只日增重(kg/d). 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
6.
李红梅 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2012,(2):39-40
选择围产期健康奶牛30头,随机分为三组,产前第28d开始,饲喂不同能量日粮,即对照组(C组)、高能量组(H组)和低能量组(L组);产后各组奶牛均饲喂标准泌乳日粮,至产后56d结束。研究干奶期不同能量摄入水平对产后奶牛能量负平衡的影响。结果表明:低能量组奶牛产后干物质摄入量显著高于其它两组、体重消耗较低,能量负平衡状态缓解。 相似文献
7.
8.
本次研究目的测定1-21日龄肉鸡20种饲粮营养物质消化系数、代谢能(ME)、净能(NE)及NE∶ME比值。通过使用玉米、豆粕、动物蛋白混合物、大麦、动物油以及木聚糖酶、葡聚糖酶和植酸酶混合物等配制不同含量粗蛋白质、脂肪、纤维饲粮20种,但ME/营养总值比例相近。鸡只饲养多层鸡笼,自由饮水,测定养分消化系数及ME;鸡只于平养笼条件下测定75%ME摄入量的NE值。根据先前的研究数据并基于平均代谢体重获得维持NE值,利用双X射线法测定日增重的粗蛋白质和脂肪含量,计算NE增值。结果表明:粗蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的消化率分别与饲粮中粗蛋白质和NDF含量呈二次曲线相关,脂肪和淀粉消化率分别与饲粮脂肪和淀粉含量呈线性相关。饲粮中添加酶提高了NDF的消化率,用于预测粗蛋白质、NDF、脂肪和淀粉的消化率,表明MEn/总能平均值在72.5%与蛋白质、脂肪、NDF和淀粉相关;通过营养物质化学特性预测ME,根据可消化养分获得最佳方程。ME相关系数分别为72%(NE/MEn)和68%(NE/ME),变异幅度分别约20%和18%。碳水化合物可消化相关系数分别为68%,脂肪可消化系数为86%,粗蛋白质可消化系数为76%(NE/MEn)和59%(NE/ME)。根据最佳养分的剩余标准差预测能量预测ME值(41 kcal/kg);根据消化性蛋白摄入量、粪便有机物、体脂及粗蛋白质含量,用于预测热增值(111 kcal/kg);根据ME和概率养分营养预测NE值(140 kcal/kg)。 相似文献
9.
能量是饲料的重要组成部分,是动物营养中投入量最大的养分,是中国食物与饲料结构中最短缺的资源,对机体的生长发育有着极其重要的作用.其也是影响繁殖效率的重要因素,它不仅影响母猪的产仔数,而且影响仔猪的生产性能,尤其是断奶体重和成活率.为此,本文从母猪能量需要入手,针对母猪繁殖性能进行综述. 相似文献
10.
放牧对鸭茅能量积累及分配的影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
通过长期放牧试验，探讨了不同放牧强度下亚热带高山草地鸭茅种群能量积累规律及能量在不同构件之间的分配特征。在无放牧的对照草地及采食率分别为55％、65％、80％的放牧草地，鸭茅热值随放牧强度的增加而呈单峰曲线型变化，一定强度范围内的放牧干扰提高了鸭茅热值及能量的积累；根部能量的积累随放牧强度的提高而逐渐减少。在禁牧草地，鸭茅种群能量主要被低密度的大分蘖丛所分摊，随着放牧强度的提高，种群能量则逐渐均摊给高密度的小分蘖丛。 相似文献
11.
12.
本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
13.
14.
魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
15.
16.
以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
17.
Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
18.
乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
19.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献