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1.
花生LTR和MITE转座子及其分子标记开发利用研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《分子植物育种》2017,(2)
花生是世界上最重要的油料作物和经济作物之一,但其遗传基础狭窄,分子标记严重不足,严重制约了其分子育种进程。而LTR反转录转座子和MITE转座子广泛分布于植物基因组中,具有拷贝数丰富和插入位点多态性等特点,非常适合用来开发分子标记。另外,一系列研究结果表明,转座子分子标记揭示栽培种花生的DNA多态性要明显高于SSR分子标记,展示了其潜在的应用前景。鉴于此,本研究对花生LTR反转录转座子和MITE转座子的分离及其分子标记开发利用研究进展进行了系统整理和归纳,旨在理清思路,了解国内外研究现状,为紧接下来的花生LTR反转录转座子和MITE转座子的分子标记开发利用研究奠定坚实的基础。 相似文献
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尖孢镰刀菌专化型及生理小种分子检测研究进展 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
摘 要：尖孢镰刀菌分子检测工作在枯萎病病原菌分子诊断与防治中具有重要意义。本文综述了DNA分子标记、毒性基因和转座子等技术在尖孢镰刀菌专化型及其生理小种鉴别方面的应用,指出了各检测方法优缺点,并对今后的研究方向进行展望。 相似文献
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林木研究中常采用的分子标记技术主要包括RFLP、RAPD、AFLP、SSR及ISSR等。本文综述了这些分子标记技术的原理、优缺点。归纳总结了分子标记在木兰科植物中的应用研究进展:(1)利用RAPD、RFLP、cpDNA基因系列测定(psbA-trnH、atpB-rbcL、matK、ndhF)等分子标记在分子水平上对一些群体、个体进行了亲缘关系和分类研究;(2)利用RAPD、SSR和ISSR标记对一些群体、个体进行了遗传结构和遗传多样性研究;(3)采用DAF和RAPD获得了厚朴的DNA指纹图谱。分子标记在木兰科植物的其它方面的应用还很少。今后,除了继续对上述方面进行深入系统的研究外,还应充分运用分子标记技术,开展木兰科植物的分子遗传图谱、分子标记辅助选择育种、保育生物学等方面的研究。 相似文献
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简要介绍了5种传统的、最常用的DNA分子标记(RFLP、RAPD、AFLP、SSR和SNP)的技术原理及它们的优缺点,也总结了TRAP这种新产生的分子标记的技术原理、优点及应用前景.综述了这几类分子标记在花生种质进化、遗传多样性分析、分子图谱构建及抗虫、抗病等方面的研究.利用SSR和RAPD标记能够发现野生种和栽培种多态性进而实现分子标记对花生的遗传多样性分析,可以将许多花生品种分为不同的品种群,能够对花生进行种质进化研究.RFLP和AFLP技术利于花生图谱构建,利用DNA中特定的限制性酶切位点上碱基对的改变及酶切位点之间的分子重排,可以发现花生品种间的DNA许多多态性位点,进而绘制分子标记图谱.AFLP技术在花生青枯菌和花生抗黄曲霉的研究方面有很大进展.RAID技术在花生根瘤菌、花生线虫病等方面已有显著进展.最后对分子标记在花生育种中的应用前景进行了简单展望. 相似文献
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石斛是中国名贵兰花,有着极高的观赏价值和药用价值。为充分评价和利用石斛资源,现已广泛应用分子技术对石斛基因层面开展研究,其中SSR分子标记由于具有共显性、高多态性和数量丰富等特点在石斛研究中应用广泛,但在基因定位和分子辅助育种等方面的研究还比较少。因此,本研究简要概括了石斛SSR分子标记的开发方法及其在遗传多样性分析,遗传连锁图谱构建及QTL定位,DNA指纹图谱构建和杂种鉴定等方面的应用。重点总结了石斛高多态性引物和QTL定位,以期为今后石斛重要性状的关联基因定位、功能分析和分子定向育种等提供理论基础及借鉴。 相似文献
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棉花遗传连锁图谱及其应用研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于DNA标记的遗传连锁图谱, 是研究植物基因组结构、功能以及进化的重要工具。随着分子标记技术的发明和应用,RFLP,RAPD,AFLP,SSR等多种DNA标记技术被用于棉花遗传连锁图谱的构建以及棉花重要农艺性状基因的定位。本文通过对现有异源四倍体棉种的遗传图谱的分析,发现异源四倍体棉花种间遗传图谱已相对饱和,但所构建陆地棉种内遗传连锁图的基因组覆盖率低;同时QTL定位研究较多,MAS、图位克隆和物理图谱构建工作已经展开。今后棉花遗传图谱的研究任务,一方面是增加现有种间图谱的标记密度,另一方面是构建覆盖陆地棉全基因组的遗传图谱。 相似文献
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棉花分子标记图谱的构建和一些重要性状的定位 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
在棉花上,虽然已有若干张不同的分子标记连锁图发表,但在育种中它们仍较难被应用,主要是因为在现有的分子标记连锁图谱中能用于育种的重要农艺性状的DNA分子标记尚不多.为此,本研究选用具有13个质量性状标记的两个陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)多标记基因系T582和T586作为亲本,用SSR和AFLP的DNA分子标记技术,对F2的作图群体进行DNA分子标记连锁图谱的构建,对棉花重要质量性状基因和数量性状的QTLs进行定位和标记,并建立分子标记连锁群与染色体的对应关系,为棉花分子标记辅助选择育种提供依据. 相似文献
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辣椒是全球种植最为普遍的蔬菜作物之一,其遗传育种学得到广泛的研究。随着上世纪80年代DNA分子技术应用到植物遗传研究,辣椒分子生物学得到快速发展。自1984年报道辣椒第一张遗传图谱以来,已经累计发表了51张辣椒分子连锁遗传图谱。从构图群体来分,27张为种内图谱,19张为种间图谱,5张为整合图谱;从功能来分,20张图谱为基础参考图谱,17张图谱用于辣椒抗病性、抗虫性定位,14张图谱用于定位辣椒果实、植株、花期及不育性等农艺性状。总计有17种分子标记用于图谱构建,13个形态学相关基因、9个抗病基因及6个抗虫基因被定位。本综述将近30多年来有关辣椒分子遗传图谱、基因定位的具体研究进展做一综述,目的是为辣椒相关研究者提供一定的参考依据。 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
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D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
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Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
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E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
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[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
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Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
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Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献