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犊牛补饲早期断奶,对母牛恢复发情、及时配种具有重要作用,对提高母牛繁殖率和犊牛成活率意义重大,为此我县在户养奶牛区大力推广取得了很好的效果。１ 材料和方法１．１ 牛只的选择：以胡家、双河、土主、花池四个牛改示范点冷配站参配的牛只为试验对象,登记建卡。母牛产犊后,实行定时人工哺乳;不挤奶杂交母牛和本地母牛实行定时自然哺乳。选择部分带仔牛实行自由哺乳方式作为对照。１．２ 断奶方法：犊牛生后３天开始母仔隔离,定时哺乳,８日龄后开始训练补饲精料,１６日龄开始训练采食青草,犊牛３月龄适时断奶。（１）定时人… 相似文献
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<正>彭阳农村地区肉牛散养户犊牛出生后,一般采用随母哺乳、自然断奶的传统饲养模式。犊牛出生后随着年龄增加,生长发育加快,营养需要也增加,而肉用母牛产后2~3月产乳量逐渐减少,单靠母乳不能满足犊牛营养需要。同时,母牛泌乳和犊牛直接吮吸乳头哺乳所产生的刺激,对母牛的生殖机能恢复产生抑制作用,严重影响母牛发情,造成带犊哺乳的母牛在产后90d甚至更长时间都不发情。进行隔栏补饲、早期断奶,可限制犊牛吮乳时间和 相似文献
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为了研究不同培育方式对冷季犊牦牛体重和养殖效益的影响，试验选取已阉割、生长发育良好、体重相近(平均体重为60 kg)、健康的6月龄甘南牦牛公犊牛100头，按照不同培育方式分为5个处理(A1、A2、B1、B2、对照),每个处理20头。处理A1、A2均采用“传统牧户自建简易棚圈(简棚)全舍饲”的培育方式，分别饮用温水(25℃)和冷水(未加热的自来水);处理B1、B2分别采用“放牧+高寒牧区标准化暖棚(暖棚)补饲”的培育方式和“放牧+简棚补饲”的培育方式，均饮用温水；对照采用“放牧+简棚补饲”的培育方式，饮用冷水。另设挤乳组和哺乳组，每个处理随机选择10头犊牛作为挤乳组，其余作为哺乳组，每组50头，挤乳组对应的母牛(1头犊牛对应1头母牛)每日挤乳1次，同时为犊牛少量哺乳；全哺乳组对应的母牛(1头犊牛对应1头母牛)只给犊牛哺乳，不挤乳。预试期8 d,正试期89 d,分别测定各处理和各组试验期间的总增重和相对生长率，并测算养殖效益。结果表明：处理A1的总增重和相对生长率均显著高于处理A2(P<0.05),处理B1的总增重和相对生长率均显著高于处理B2(P<0.05),以上4个处理的总... 相似文献
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《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2015,(11)
组织成年母牦牛200头,试验群母牛100头,对照群母牛100头,分群放牧管理,犊牛全哺乳。试验群母牛所产犊牛4月龄断奶,对照群母牛所产4月龄不断奶。断奶20 d后试验群和对照群同样投放种公牛各10头,自由交配。结果试验群和对照群成活率分别为71%、50%,试验群比对照群成活率提高21%。说明牦牛犊早期(4月龄)断奶,完善饲养管理,能提高牦牛成活率。 相似文献
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为了验证枯草期对母牦牛进行产前和产后7个月补饲对其来年繁殖性能和后代犊牛生长发育的影响,设计了枯草期妊娠母牦牛“产犊前5个月”+“产犊后2个月”暖棚补饲试验,方法是从2020年10月1日开始对试验组和对照组妊娠母牦牛白天放牧,夜间暖棚过夜,但试验组早上出牧前和黄昏归牧后精料补饲,对照组不补饲,试验于2021年4月30日结束,试验期共7个月。试验结果表明：试验组的妊娠母牦牛所产犊牛的繁殖成活率、公母犊牛平均初生重、母牦牛翌年发情时间、受胎率比对照组母牦牛分别高30%、2.94 kg和2.71 kg、40 d、45%,公母犊牛平均初生重差异极显著（P<0.01）。另对两组母牦牛所产后代犊牛进行短期集中育肥效果观测,结果表明：在相同的饲养条件下,试验期内试验组和对照组公、母牛的体重分别增长46.91 kg和41.74 kg、34.47 kg和30.35 kg,验期期内两组公母牛的日增重分别为52.12 g和46.38 g、38.30 g和33.72 g,试验组公母牛的日增重分别比对照组高13.82 g和12.22 g。通过本组试验得出如下结论：如果保证了母牦牛在妊娠期和哺乳前期的营养需要,不仅可以提高其来年繁殖性能,其后代犊牛的生长发育水平远高于不补饲母牦牛后代犊牛,进行育肥效果更明显。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2015,(Z1)
本试验旨在研究不同断奶日龄对犊牛生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。选取红安格斯与西门塔尔杂交犊牛60头,按犊牛日龄和体重相近一致原则,分为28A、42B、56C、70D和CK 5个组,每组12头犊牛,公、母各半,其中试验组28A、42B、56C、70D的犊牛分别在28、42、56、70日龄断母乳而后饲喂代乳品至90日龄,CK组为随母哺乳组,哺乳至150日龄。各组颗粒料于28日龄补饲至150日龄。分别于70、90、150日龄分别测定犊牛体重并采血。结果表明:28日龄断母乳补饲代乳品组的犊牛体重显著小于随母哺乳组(P0.05);整个试验期各处理组血清指标均在正常范围内,未造成较大影响;红安格斯与西门塔尔杂交肉犊牛的断母乳时间可最早提前至42日龄较为适宜。 相似文献
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旨在研发半舍饲条件下淘汰母牦牛育肥及犊牦牛培育技术。选取带犊母牦牛和公犊牛各66头,分别随机分为试验组和对照组。在犊牛培育期间（2017年12月4日—2018年3月5日）,对试验组母牦牛进行补饲,试验组犊牦牛断乳前（3月5日断乳）随母牦牛哺乳,并进行补饲;对照组母牦牛不进行补饲,按常规放牧方式饲养,对照组犊牦牛进行断乳并补饲。育肥期间（2018年3月5日至出栏）对试验组母牦牛进行补饲,于6月错峰出栏;对照组母牦牛不进行补饲,于集中出栏时间出售（9月或10月）。在犊牦牛培育期间,观察试验组母牦牛的体重变化情况;每月4日测定2组犊牦牛的体重和体尺指标,并进行统计学分析。计算试验组母牦牛错峰出栏收益。结果表明,在犊牦牛培育阶段,由于试验组犊牦牛随母牦牛哺乳,试验组母牦牛体重平均下降1.17 kg/头;2018年1月4日,试验组犊牦牛的体重极显著（P<0.01）高于对照组,体斜长和胸围显著（P<0.05）高于对照组;2018年2月4日和3月4日,试验组犊牦牛的体重、体高、体斜长、胸围均极显著（P<0.01）高于对照组。试验组母牦牛错峰出栏的效益为1 063.05元。研究结果为提高半舍饲条件下淘汰母牦牛养殖效益以及提升犊牛培育质量提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2016,(3)
为了开发一套适合高纬度地区推广应用的牦牛高效养殖集成技术,增加当地牧民养殖牦牛的经济收入,试验开展了牦牛暖棚饲养试验、牦牛犊牛全哺乳及补饲育肥试验、母牦牛妊娠后期及哺乳期补饲试验、18月龄犊牛及成年牦牛全舍饲育肥试验。结果表明:暖棚饲养条件下,经计算母牦牛的试验末体重、日增重、总增重分别比对照组提高33.40 kg(P0.01)、283.00 g(P0.01)、34.00 kg(P0.01),并盈利862.40元/头。试验组全哺乳犊牛的断奶体重和日增重分别比对照组高28.47 kg(P0.01)、189.00 g(P0.01),并实现相对盈利1 084.32元/头。补饲育肥条件下,经计算犊牛的出栏重和日增重分别比对照组高39.91 kg(P0.01)、226.00 g(P0.01),并实现相对盈利1 989.96元/头。妊娠后期补饲条件下,经计算母牦牛的试验末体重、总增重、日增重分别比对照组高47.70 kg(P0.01)、13.50 kg(P0.01)、225.00 g(P0.01),母牦牛产犊的成活数高于对照组,且其所产犊牛的初生重比对照组高3.50 kg(P0.01);哺乳期补饲条件下的母牦牛,其犊牛的4月龄体重比对照组高21.80 kg(P0.01)。18月龄犊牛及成年牦牛在全舍饲育肥条件下,试验组试验末体重、总增重、日增重、宰前空腹重、胴体重均极显著高于对照组(P0.01),且屠宰率也高于对照组(P0.05),经计算分别比自然放牧条件下相对盈利1 072.32元/头、966.48元/头。 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
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Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
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<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献