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1.
[目的] 探究土地利用/覆被变化对区域生态系统碳储量及生态系统脆弱性的影响,以期为区域绿色低碳和生态系统的可持续发展提供参考依据。[方法] 以2000,2010,2020年黔中城市群核心经济区3期土地利用/覆被数据为基础,运用InVEST模型和土地利用转移矩阵定量分析生态系统碳储量及其空间分布格局,并采用潜在影响指数(PI)对区域生态系统服务脆弱性进行评估。[结果] ①2000-2020年,黔中城市群核心经济区土地利用/覆被变化总体表现为耕地和林地持续下降,建设用地持续上升。研究区土地利用/覆被转移主要表现为耕地、林地、草地向其他地类的转移,其中,2000-2010,2010-2020年分别有3 339.35,3 669.15 km2土地发生了转移,前者林地转为草地是主要转移类型,后者耕地转为建设用地为主要转移类型。②2000-2020年区域的碳储量表现为减少趋势,由4.42×107 t减小到4.33×107 t,累计减小9.40×105 t,林地转为草地是引起碳储量减少的主要原因。各年度碳储量密度均呈现西部、东部高,中部低的分布态势;20 a间,高密度区未发生明显变化,低密度区表现为由中心区域向外围扩散。③2000-2020年黔中城市群核心经济区主要扮演碳源的角色,土地利用程度指数增加了2.83,PI指数分别为-0.04,-0.31,均表现为负面潜在影响,且脆弱性不断增强。[结论] 增加林地、控制林地转为其他用地及建设用地扩张是促进区域绿色低碳和生态系统的稳定可持续发展的重要手段。 相似文献
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海南岛海岸带土地利用变化及其对碳储量时空演变的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
[目的] 预测未来土地利用/覆盖变化(land use and land cover change,LULCC)及其对生态系统碳储量的影响,为区域土地利用决策和碳管理提供科学依据。[方法] 基于30 m分辨率的海南岛1990,2000,2010,2020年土地利用遥感解译数据,运用ArcGIS与InVEST模型,探究土地利用时空演变及碳储量响应状况,并引入GeoSOS-FLUS模型预测研究区2030年土地利用多情景变化特征及其对未来不同情景下生态系统碳储量的影响机制。[结果] ①1990—2020年研究区耕地、林地、草地和未利用地面积减少,水域和建设用地面积增加。未利用地和耕地面积持续减少,建设用地面积持续增加。②30 a间LULCC导致区域碳储量持续减少,达到1.50×106 t且年变化率为5.00×104 t/a。建设用地的大肆扩张及林地退化是导致碳储量下降的重要原因,“未利用地→草地”为碳储量增加中最明显的图谱变化,“草地→林地(人工林地)”是碳储量减少中最显著的图谱变化。③2020—2030年的3种预测情景中,林地仅在生态优先情景下得到了有效保护,且面积增加了11.91 km2。建设用地在3种预测情景中均呈现不同程度扩张态势,且发展优先情景涨幅最大。[结论] 海南岛大面积高碳密度的天然草地转换为低碳密度的人工林地,高碳区转变为低碳区,区域固碳能力削弱。应采取提高林地、草地等地类比重等一系列的土地利用调控政策,加大区域碳源向碳汇转换的优化发展。 相似文献
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基于耦合FLUS-InVEST模型的广州市生态系统碳储量时空演变与预测 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
[目的] 探讨城市建设用地扩张下土地利用变化对碳储量的影响,揭示碳储量时空演变和未来空间分布趋势,为城市规划和生态脆弱区实施精准保护提供科学参考。[方法] 本文通过耦合FLUS-InVEST模型,基于解译的土地利用数据和未来土地预测,反演1990—2018年广州市土地和碳储量时空变化特征,分析建设用地扩张与碳储量分布规律,并评估未来碳储量潜力。[结果] 广州市土地类型变化特征表现为建设用地的迅速扩张,主要侵占耕地和林地;1990—2018年碳储量减少2.47×106 t,其中2000—2005年降幅最大;高密度碳储量主要分布在北部森林一带,低密度碳储量主要分布在珠江下游;建设用地和低密度碳储量的重心迁移具有高度的一致性;预测2018—2034年碳储量下降1.20×106 t。[结论] 广州市建设用地扩张对碳储量影响显著,未来西北和东部部分区域碳储量流失风险较大。 相似文献
4.
贵州省黎平县地表覆被变化引起的生态系统碳储量变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
[目的]对贵州省黎平县地表覆被变化引起的生态系统碳储量变化进行评估,为区域碳源和碳汇管理及"大生态"发展目标提供科学依据。[方法]基于黎平县2005,2010和2015年3期土地利用数据,结合CA-Markov模型和InVEST模型碳储量模块,在对土地利用变化趋势进行分析的基础上定量评估了研究区2005—2025年生态系统固碳能力。[结果]①2005—2015年,黎平县耕地、林地、未利用地呈减少趋势,草地、建设用地、水域呈增加趋势。②2015—2025年土地利用整体变化趋势与2005—2015年一致但幅度增大。耕地由2005—2015年的降幅2.37%到2015—2025年的增幅4.21%,整体趋势发生转变;③2015年黎平县生态系统总碳储量和平均碳密度分别为9.12×10~7 t和206.61 t/hm~2。自2005年以来分别下降2.00×10~5 t和0.45 t/hm~2。2025年黎平县碳储量和平均碳密度分别为8.98×10~7 t和203.44 t/hm~2。[结论]黎平县生态系统固碳能力呈减弱趋势,林地的大面积转出和建设用地的扩张是碳储量下降的直接原因,未来应加强对土地利用结构的优化。 相似文献
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[目的]评估不同情景下的土地利用变化与碳储量变化,为优化生态服务与可持续性发展提供科学依据。[方法]基于PLUS模型与InVEST模型,模拟和预测不同情景下的土地利用变化与碳储量。[结果](1)在自然发展与生态保护情景下,土地利用变化相似,耕地、草地、水域减少,建设用地急剧扩张,其中建设用地在自然发展情景下扩张更快,变化率达27.70%;在耕地保护情景下,土地利用变化与其他两种情景不同,这是由于林地面积的减少与建设用地的迅速扩张造成的;(2)昆明市2000,2010,2020年的碳储量分别为3.37×108,3.34×108,3.28×108 t,呈现逐年下降的趋势。到2030年,耕地保护与生态保护相较于自然发展情景碳储量较高,说明采取保护措施,能有效控制碳储量的减少;(3)土地利用变化导致碳储量减少9.15×106 t,土地利用变化与碳储量变化呈现高度一致性。[结论]落实耕地保护、生态保护政策,控制建设用地向耕地、林地的扩张,优化土地利用结构,有利于减缓区域碳储量损失。 相似文献
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[目的] 陆地生态系统碳储量的主要驱动因素之一是土地利用变化,以“过去—现在—未来”的逻辑,分析河南省郑州市土地利用与碳储量时空演变之间响应关系,为实现城市的生态安全可持续发展提供参考。[方法] 首先基于GIS和InVEST模型,对2005—2020年碳储量时空分布进行定量评估,然后结合PLUS模型,模拟2050年自然发展情景和生态保护情景下土地利用和碳储量时空变化特征;并辅以莫兰指数和热点分析在格网尺度下评估其空间关联程度。[结果] ①2005—2020年,耕地不断调整为建设用地,累计转入1 004.98 km2,致使郑州市土地利用结构发生显著变化,生态保护情景下生态用地减少趋势相对自然发展情景得到较好改善。②受城镇化快速扩张的影响,2005,2020年郑州市碳储量分别为6.59×107,5.67×107 t,15 a间高碳密度地类用地转移,碳储量空间分布呈“西高东低,南北中等,中部低”的特点,自然发展情景和生态保护情景下碳储量变化分别减少了8.27×106 t和1.80×106 t,其中耕地发挥着重要碳汇作用。③碳储量空间分布上具有集聚性,冷热点分布不均,生态保护情景下热点破碎化程度缓和。巩义市和登封市始终为碳储量集聚程度较高区域。[结论] 碳储量时空分布特征与土地利用结构变化密切相关,郑州市未来土地利用规划应适当采取生态保护措施,优化土地利用格局,增强生态系统固碳能力。 相似文献
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干旱区县域土地覆被变化特征及其生态环境效应——以内蒙古自治区翁牛特旗为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的]研究翁牛特旗的土地利用变化特征及其生态环境效应,为该地区生态环境重建提供支持。[方法]选取2006及2015年8月Landsat卫星影像,通过ENVI 5.1提取出翁牛特旗土地利用数据,进而利用土地利用动态度、土地利用类型的空间转移矩阵,以及生物丰度指数、生态系统服务价值和敏感性指数,分别对翁牛特旗土地利用结构的时空演化特征和生态环境效应进行分析。[结果](1)翁牛特旗主要土地利用类型为耕地、林地、草地和沙地,近10a来该旗的土地利用变化呈现为耕地、草地、建设用地增加,林地、沙地和水体面积减少的态势。(2)10a间生物丰度指数从2006年的43.47下降为2015年的42.69,降低1.79%,表明区域的生物量减少,不利于生物多样性发展;生态系统服务总价值从2006年的102.31亿元下降至2015年的98.47亿元,减少了3.84亿元,下降了3.75%,生态环境基本维持着平衡,总体上呈现出微弱的退化。(3)各种土地利用类型的敏感性指数(CS)均小于1,表明研究区生态系统服务价值对于生态服务价值系数不敏感、缺乏弹性。[结论]研究区林地、水体面积的减少,建设用地面积的增加是生态系统服务总价值减少的主要原因。研究区土地利用变化引起的生态系统服务价值和生物丰度的减少,加剧了当地生态环境的脆弱性。 相似文献
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[目的]探究特殊生态脆弱区——滇桂黔石漠化片区的生态系统碳储量时空演变规律及其驱动因子，为科学评估其生态治理效果、优化土地利用格局、提高生态系统碳储量、提升生态系统碳汇能力等提供理论参考。[方法]综合运用土地利用转移矩阵、InVEST模型和地理探测器等方法，分析滇桂黔石漠化片区1990—2018年土地利用变化特征、生态系统碳储量时空演变规律及空间分异驱动因子。[结果]滇桂黔石漠化片区城市建设蓬勃发展，石漠化治理效果良好。研究期内，建设用地和水域面积分别增加116.38%和76.40%,以石漠化裸岩石质地为主的未利用地则减少47.45%并主要转化为草地和林地；滇桂黔石漠化片区生态系统碳储量呈波动下降趋势，2018年降至30.61亿t,较1990年减少了0.52%。建设用地扩张对耕地和林地的侵占是碳储量减少的主要原因；滇桂黔石漠化片区生态系统碳储量空间分布差异明显，始终维持西南较高、南部次之、北部较低的空间分异特征，整体依次对应云南片区、广西片区以及贵州片区；滇桂黔石漠化片区生态系统碳储量空间分布差异受自然地理要素和社会经济要素共同作用，但人类活动影响最为显著。“距离县中心”始终是影响力最... 相似文献
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[目的] 研究福建省生态系统碳储量及其对土地利用变化的响应,为生态系统保护提供参考。[方法] 基于土地利用数据和碳密度数据,运用InVEST模型模拟福建省1980,2000,2020年碳储量;利用冷热点分布、转移图谱和矩阵分析碳储量和土地利用的时空特征;最后分析碳储量对土地利用变化的响应。[结果] ①福建省碳储量整体均较高,82.5%以上区域的碳储量为中等以上(＞3 000 t),主要分布在山地丘陵地区,也是高碳储量的热点集中区;高(热点)低(冷点)碳储量集中区转移较少;1980—2020年总碳储量波动略升高,2000—2020年不同碳储量等级彼此之间转移相对较多。②福建省土地利用/覆被以林地为主(61.4%~62.9%),其次是耕地(16.9%~18.3%)和草地(15.2%~17.2%);土地利用/覆被变化在1980—2000年较稳定,在2000—2020年较剧烈。③林地、草地和耕地的总碳储量较高,水域、建设用地和未利用地总碳储量较少;耕地总碳储量减少,建设用地总碳储量增加,林地和草地有增加也有减少;由土地利用/覆被变化导致的总碳储量转出和转入最多均为林地,其次是草地和耕地;总碳储量净转移为负的是林地,其他为正,林地转移引起的碳亏损最多。[结论] 耕地、林地和草地是福建省的主要土地利用类型,它们贡献了较高碳储量,并相互转移引起了碳储量变化。 相似文献
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[目的] 探究珠三角地区2005-2020年土地利用变化及其对碳储量的影响,并对2035年珠三角的土地利用格局和碳储量进行模拟预测,以期为珠三角地区"双碳"目标下的国土空间规划和生态决策提供科学依据。[方法] 基于2005-2020年4期土地利用数据,以珠三角城市群为研究区域,采用PLUS模型和InVEST模型对该区的土地利用变化和碳储量演变进行分析,并预测其2035年土地利用空间格局和碳储量变化趋势。[结果] ①2005-2020年,珠三角地区碳储量先增加后减少,林地、建设用地和未利用地增多促进碳储量增长了4.82×107 t,耕地、草地和水域减少导致碳储量减少了5.10×107 t。②预计2035年,随着建设用地和林地的增加,该区碳储量较2020年增长5.75×107 t,生态环境向好发展。③该区碳储量表现出"四周高,中部低"的空间分布格局,与土地利用空间分布具有显著一致性,即碳储量高值区集中在林地、耕地和草地,碳储量低值区集聚在建设用地。[结论] 随着未来城市发展需要,政府部门应进行土地综合开发利用,采取生物、工程技术等生态修复措施,提升区域固碳能力,助力实现碳中和目标。 相似文献
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低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
14.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
17.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
18.
Yoav Bashan Bernardo Salazar Ma. Esther Puente Macario Bacilio Robert Linderman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,45(6):585-594
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse
trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus
were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB;
the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons
reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened
later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons
growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants,
no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi,
enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant.
In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after
30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination
only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity
to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as
compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it. 相似文献
19.
Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献