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1.
洞庭湖氮磷时空分布及形态组成特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探究洞庭湖水体营养盐形态结构与时空分布特征,分别于2014年8月(丰水期)和2015年1月(枯水期)在入湖河流、湖体、出湖口设置16个代表性断面采集水样,分析了氮、磷营养盐的特征指标。结果表明:1洞庭湖水体中,总氮(TN)含量为1.60~3.65 mg/L,平均值2.25 mg/L,总磷(TP)含量为0.060~0.359 mg/L,平均值0.138 mg/L;颗粒态总氮(TPN)含量为0.07~1.39 mg/L,平均值0.25 mg/L,颗粒态总磷(TPP)含量为0.003~0.172 mg/L,平均值0.05 mg/L;2时空分布上,水体中氮、磷含量整体表现为丰水期高于枯水期,出湖口最高,东洞庭湖高于西、南洞庭湖,入湖河流差异大的特征,颗粒态氮磷呈现自西向东呈逐渐增加趋势,与悬浮物(SS)的空间分布一致;3形态组成上,洞庭湖水体中氮磷以溶解态为主(TDN/TN为88.0%、TDP/TP为66.7%),三峡工程2003年蓄水前后,洞庭湖磷营养盐形态组成发生了大的变化,由以颗粒态磷为主(TDP/TP 20.0%~35.6%)转变为以溶解态为主,而氮营养盐形态组成基本未变;4营养结构上,洞庭湖大多数断面TN/TP在10~22,且氮、磷浓度远高于水体富营养的限制阈值,比较适宜藻类生长。相关分析显示,洞庭湖TN、TP、TDN、TDP均与Chl-a相关性不显著,因此认为洞庭湖氮、磷营养盐对藻类生长的限制作用不明显。 相似文献
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东洞庭湖水生态健康状况分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
一、东洞庭湖水生态健康状况 1.水质状况：根据洞庭湖多年水质监测数据分析,洞庭湖水体主要污染因子为TP、TN,参照GB3838-2002五类水质标准,采用水质单因子评价,洞庭湖水质类别取决于TP、TN含量。表1为2003-2008年东洞庭湖水质TP、TN含量及水质评价类别。由表1知,近几年TN浓度基本维持在1.40mg／L左右, 相似文献
3.
阳澄西湖及其入湖港口的水质评价与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探明阳澄西湖湖区及其入湖港口的水质现状,为其后续水环境治理提供参考,选取湖区6个位点和4个港口,于2016年5月至2017年3月监测其水质,逢单月月初采样;监测的水质参数包括水深(H)、酸碱度(pH)、溶解氧(DO)、透明度(SD)、悬浮物(TSS)、总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH~+_4-N)、亚硝酸盐氮(NO~-_2-N)、总磷(TP)、活性磷酸盐(PO■-P)、叶绿素a (Chl-a)、高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))、总有机碳(TOC)。运用主成分分析法探讨了水体主要污染因子,采用皮尔逊相关性分析法探究湖区TN、TP对Chl-a浓度的影响。结果显示,阳澄西湖水质综合营养状态指数年均值为57.9,主要水质参数的时空分布表现为枯水期(5-7月)优于丰水期(11-1月),湖区优于入湖港口,北部优于南部。湖区TN和TP年均值为2.63 mg/L和0.217 mg/L,Chl-a年均值为21.74μg/L,且以9月最低。主成分分析显示,NH~+_4-N、NO~-_2-N、PO■-P、TP、TN是湖区水质主要的污染因子,TP、NH~+_4-N、NO~-_2-N、TN是港口水质的主要污染因子。皮尔逊相关性分析显示,阳澄西湖的Chl-a浓度与TN呈正相关(P0.01),与TP的相关性不显著(P0.05),且相关系数为负值。研究表明,阳澄西湖的Chl-a对营养物质的响应不灵敏,后续治理中需加强对外源氮磷的拦截。 相似文献
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汉丰湖富营养化综合评价与水环境容量分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
2012、2013年季节性监测了汉丰湖水体理化指标,采用综合营养状态指数法对其富营养化状态进行了评价,采用沃伦威德尔模型(Vollenweider)和狄龙模型(Dillon)计算了化学需氧量、总氮、总磷的水环境容量。结果表明:汉丰湖水质总体处于地表水Ⅱ类~Ⅳ类标准,TN 0.76~2.24 mg/L、平均1.41 mg/L,NH3-N 0.17~0.95 mg/L、平均0.41 mg/L,TP 0.010~0.106 mg/L、平均0.069 mg/L,CODMn2.34~14.60 mg/L、平均4.22 mg/L。东河区域水质优于小江干流、南河区域,秋季污染程度最轻;汉丰湖水体营养状态介于中营养到轻度富营养型,其中南河区域的营养程度相对较高;从单个评价因子看,总氮的营养状态最高,持续处于轻度、中度至重度富营养状态。汉丰湖化学需氧量、总氮、总磷水环境容量分别为37 335、109.1和1 643.84 t/a,为达到汉丰湖水功能区划Ⅱ类水的管理目标,总氮、总磷削减率分别为38%和56%。 相似文献
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洞庭湖表层沉积物营养盐和重金属污染特征及生态风险评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探究洞庭湖表层沉积物中营养盐和重金属的空间分布特征与生态风险,2012年2月和2013年4月在东、南、西洞庭湖各取3个共计9个具有代表性样点的表层沉积物,测定其有机质（OM）、总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、镉（Cd）、汞（Hg）、砷（As）、铅（Pb）和铬（Cr）的含量。结果表明,洞庭湖表层沉积物中 OM、TN 和 TP 的含量分别为1．48％～4．22％、382～2217 mg／kg 和142～716 mg／kg,与国内其他湖泊（水库）相比,OM和 TN 含量处于中等水平;OM和 TN 的空间分布相似,表现为南洞庭湖区＞东洞庭湖区＞西洞庭湖区,TP 表现为东洞庭湖区＞西洞庭湖区＞南洞庭湖区。洞庭湖表层沉积物中,Cd、Hg、As、Pb 和 Cr 的含量分别为0.60～20．70 mg／kg、0.090～0．640 mg／kg、10．4～83．7 mg／kg、16．9～95．8 mg／kg 和59．0～199．0 mg／kg,其中 Cd 和 As 超过土壤环境质量三级标准,是主要的重金属污染物;Cd 和 Hg 的空间分布相似,表现为南洞庭湖区＞西洞庭湖区＞东洞庭湖区;As、Pb 和 Cr 的空间分布相似,表现为南洞庭湖区＞东洞庭湖区＞西洞庭湖区。初步评价结果显示,除 TP 外,其余营养盐和重金属均具有引起较低生态风险的可能性,横岭湖和虞公庙的 Cd、As 和 Cr 以及洞庭湖出口的 Cr 具有引起较高生态风险的可能性;受 Cd 和 As 含量较高的影响,南洞庭湖区具有较高的生态风险。 相似文献
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典型湖泊边缘区丰水期营养状态及其影响因子研究—以蚌湖为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨影响典型湖泊边缘区藻类生长的主要水质因子,于2011年7月测定了蚌湖的叶绿素a含量,并对其分布特征及相关性进行分析。结果表明,叶绿素a(Chl.a)浓度的变化范围为0.55～1.56mg/m3,表现出一定的空间差异性,以入湖口处和湖尾区最大。总氮(TN)为0.699～2.596mg/L,以湖尾区最高;总磷(TP)浓度整体较低,最大值仅为0.0318mg/L;N/P浓度比均大于30,表明蚌湖为磷限制性湖泊。根据修正的卡尔森营养状态指数,丰水期蚌湖均处于贫-中营养水平,其中湖尾区条件最适宜藻类繁殖。由相关性分析结果可知,TN、TP、pH、COD和NO-3-N为藻类生长的主要影响因子;其中,Chl.a含量与COD呈显著正相关,一定浓度范围内的COD增长会促进藻类生长繁殖;不同于国内大多数淡水湖泊,Chl.a含量与pH值呈显著负相关,主要原因是蚌湖水体碱度较高,大部分区域pH值超过了藻类生长的最适范围。 相似文献
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为了评价整个河蟹养殖周期对水环境的影响,于2019年5—11月在上海宝山某水产养殖专业合作社对4个典型河蟹养殖池塘和引水水源进行了1个养殖周期内4个阶段的水质监测。结果表明:(1)水源水主要超标项目为总氮(TN),平均值高达2.79 mg/L,说明引水水质氮超标较严重;池塘水主要表现为总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和高锰酸钾指数(COD_(Mn))超标,平均值分别为2.29、0.24和8.71 mg/L,说明池塘水除了N、P超标,也存在有机污染;(2)池塘组养殖初期水质指标超标个数和超标倍数均较高,此阶段水质最差;养殖末期水体中N、P指标及COD_(Mn)均低于初期,TN从(5.93±0.03)mg/L降低到(1.53±0.01)mg/L,TP从(0.33±0.00)mg/L降低到(0.13±0.00)mg/L,已优于地表水Ⅲ类标准,因此河蟹生态养殖不会对周围水环境造成N、P污染;而COD_(Mn)虽从(9.54±0.11)mg/L降低到(8.28±0.09)mg/L,但仍远高于地表水Ⅲ类标准,因此,养殖尾水如不进行处理直接排放,可能会造成水体有机污染。 相似文献
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利用组合湿地系统对湖区池塘养殖尾水进行净化,以实现水体循环再利用,减少对周围水环境的污染。组合湿地系统由3个莲藕净化塘、1个生态沟渠和1个人工湿地组成,面积分别为2.1 hm2、1.47 hm2和0.52 hm2,其中净化塘莲藕的覆盖度分别为0%、30%、60%。沿程采样测定水化学指标。结果显示,组合系统能够有效降低养殖尾水中的总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH4+-N)和化学耗氧量(COD)等指标。TN、TP由初始值1.3 mg/L、0.76 mg/L降到0.4 mg/L、0.09 mg/L,去除率分别为41.5%、77.5%;NH4+-N、COD由初始值0.27 mg/L、42 mg/L降到0.06 mg/L、27 mg/L,去除率分别为77.7%、35%。研究表明,该组合湿地系统能有效净化养殖尾水,实现水体循环再利用,可有效缓解南四湖的入湖污染负荷。 相似文献
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研究洞庭湖水文泥沙参数间的相关性,分析泥沙的冲於演变规律,为正确评价洞庭湖的淤积特性和江湖淤积的有效治理提供理论支撑。基于湘潭站等9座重要水文站2002-2016年间的水文泥沙监测资料,系统梳理洞庭湖水系的水沙特性及水文泥沙参数间的相关性。研究表明:松滋西河、澧水和洞庭湖2016年的年径流量相比2002年增大0.3%～16.2%,其他河道降低2.9%～34.2%;资水的泥沙中值粒径2002-2016年降低57.1%,其他河道增大26.7%～300%;资水和洞庭湖2016年的年均含沙量、年输沙量相比2002年分别增大21.5%～22.2%、5.7%～40.6%,其他河道分别降低13.6%～82.9%、6.7%～88.8%;参数间相关性由强到弱排序为年均含沙量-年输沙量、年径流量-年输沙量、年径流量-年均含沙量、年均含沙量-中值粒径、年输沙量-中值粒径、年径流量-中值粒径;东、南洞庭湖入湖泥沙量和淤积量在时序上分别下降29.9%、144.73%,出湖泥沙量、排沙比分别增大55.72%、113.7%;西洞庭湖入湖泥沙量、出湖泥沙量、淤积量、排沙比在时序上降低24.06%～88.24%。三峡水库蓄水拦沙的作用降低了洞庭湖的入湖沙量、淤积量,增大了排沙量和排沙比,有利于洞庭湖寿命的延长。 相似文献
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研究淮河水质时空变化趋势,为淮河生态环境保护提供科学依据。选取1999-2019年淮河干流9个典型断面长序列水质数据,采用单因子评价法和综合污染指数法,对20年来淮河干流水环境质量进行评价,同时运用spearman秩相关系数法、Mann-Kendall检验法研究淮河水质及主要污染因子变化趋势和突变特征。结果表明：Ⅰ～Ⅲ类水质断面比例总体呈上升趋势,1999年劣Ⅴ类水质断面占44.4%,2007年后无Ⅴ类、劣Ⅴ类水质断面;综合污染指数从1999年的1.35逐步下降至2019年的0.42;氨氮、化学需氧量、高锰酸盐指数和五日生化需氧量浓度均呈显著下降趋势,总磷浓度呈显著上升趋势;非汛期总磷浓度变化稳定,汛期总磷浓度显著上升;淮南大沟涧、吴家渡断面水质相对较差、年际变化幅度大,老坝头断面水质较好、年际变化幅度较小。淮河干流主要污染因子发生结构性转变,由氨氮、化学需氧量、高锰酸盐指数逐渐转变为总磷,说明流域面源污染特征逐步显现,农业面源污染的控制已成为改善淮河流域水环境的重要任务。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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