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1.
The composition of sow colostrum and milk from single teats were characterized in 20 primiparous German Landrace sows at ten points throughout lactation time (after birth of the first piglet, and subsequently at 12 and 24 h, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 d postpartum). In these samples contents of protein, IgG, lactose and fat were analyzed. In the first 3 days of lactation protein- and IgG-contents drastically decreased, on the other hand the levels of energy resources lactose and fat increased. Significant effects of the single teat and the teat pair on the content of protein at farrowing and 12 h later as well as on the contents of IgG and lactose 12 h postpartum were found. The highest contents of protein and IgG were analyzed in colostrum of teats in the median udder section, the colostrum of cranial teats had the highest content of lactose. At days 3 and 5 of lactation milk showed large coefficients of variation (cv) in milk composition from teat to teat as well as from sow to sow (intraindividual cv: protein: 22%, IgG: 45%, lactose: 20%, fat: 34%; interindividual cv: protein: 36%, IgG: 85%, lactose: 27%, fat: 47%). During lactation period the intraindividual variation of milk parameters was lower than the interindividual variation. Possible reasons for these results are discussed.  相似文献   

2.
The composition of colostrum and milk and of sows fed either 3.4 kg or 1.0 kg daily of a conventional sow diet during the last 14 days of gestation was investigated. The fat content of colostrum of the very restrictedly fed sows was higher compared with the standard fed sows. There was a significantly decrease in the crude protein and immunoglobulin contents of colostrum during the first 4 h post farrowing. The milk composition 14 days after farrowing was not affected by the late pregnancy feeding level. The composition of milk was significantly correlated with the 3 week litter weight. The colostrum IgG content was not correlated to the mortality of piglets during the first week post favouring. The content of crude protein and immunoglobulins in the milk was not correlated with the frequency of post weaning diarrhoea.  相似文献   

3.
To determine differences in chemical composition between colostrum and mature milk in mink, milk samples were collected from 12 dams as close to the end of parturition as possible (n = 12), and at 24 h (n = 3), 48 h (n = 3) and 1 week (n = 12) postpartum. The milk samples were analysed for dry matter (DM), ash, crude protein, fat, carbohydrate, and amino acid composition. The DM content was higher (p < 0.05) in milk sampled at parturition than at 24 and 48 h postpartum. Also, the crude protein content decreased (p < 0.05) after the first 24 h postpartum. However, the fat, carbohydrate and ash contents did not change (p > 0.05) during the first week of lactation. The proportion of essential amino acids tended to decrease during the first 24 h postpartum. During the first week of lactation, the phenylalanine and tyrosine contents decreased while the cysteine content increased. However, in general, the differences between colostrum and mature milk were less pronounced in the mink than in many other species. Thus, colostrum seems to be of little importance in the mink in conferring passive immunity and hence for kit survival.  相似文献   

4.
In an experiment sows received 0, 17 and 34% horse beans in the diet. Horse beans replaced the protein mixture (soybean meal, fishmeal, and meat and bone meal) by one half or in full.The composition of colostrum was altered by the dietary horse beans. An increase in dietary horse beans significantly reduced dry matter contents (P ≤ 0.05) and protein contents (P ≤ 0.001). As to the various protein fractions, total whey protein and albumin showed the greatest decline (P ≤ 0.001), followed by immunoglobulin (P ≤ 0.01) and beta lactoglobulins (P ≤ 0.05). Casein and alpha lactalbumin contents were not altered significantly.The total fat content of colostrum was not influenced by dietary horse beans, but the percentages of C 18:1 increased (P ≤ 0.001) and C 18:2 decreased (P ≤ 0.001) with increasing amounts of horse beans in the diet.The effect of horse beans on the composition of sow milk was insignificant, although there was a tendency to higher dry matter and protein content in milk from sows fed diets without horse beans.Horse beans at both levels had a negative effect on milk yield (linear trend: P ≤ 0.05).  相似文献   

5.
猪乳中常规成分、胰鸟素和表皮生长因子浓度的动态变化   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  
选择8头3～4胎、产仔9～13头的健康大长北(大约克×长白×北京黑猪)母猪，对其分娩后35d泌乳期内初乳和常乳中的常规成分、胰岛素和表皮生长因子进行了动态分析。结果表明，母猪刚分娩时其初乳中乳蛋白、总固型物、胰岛素和表皮生长因子的浓度均高于常乳(P<0.05)，乳糖和乳脂则随泌乳期延长而增加，分娩后3d内这种变化显著(P<0.05)，而常乳中则变化不明显。  相似文献   

6.
In a newly established closed specific pathogen-free (SPF) swine herd, gilt/sow suckling and weaned pig rotavirus specific antibody titers were followed for three lactations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to gain insight into the dynamics of herd antibody titers to group A rotavirus. Among gilts/sows, serum antirotavirus IgG titers increased during each lactation with a subsequent drop in titer between farrowings. Serum antirotavirus IgM titers declined during each lactation and with subsequent parity. Serum antirotavirus IgA titers remained constant during lactations and among parities. In colostrum and milk, antirotavirus IgA antibody was abundant. Differences in titer were not noticed between gilts and second litter sows but third litter sows had significantly higher titers than the first two groups. Antirotavirus IgG was high in colostrum but nearly nonexistent in milk. This titer did not vary significantly within or among parities. There was a linear regression in the titers of baby pig serum antirotavirus IgG from the post colostral sample through to seven weeks old, after which titer began to increase. No difference in baby pig serum antirotavirus IgG was noted among the three litters. Serum antirotavirus IgA and IgM were undetectable in baby pig sera after 2-3 weeks of age. Coproantibody to rotavirus was sporadically present in pig feces for 2-3 weeks after birth with highest titers in the IgA fraction. We conclude that although it is probable that age resistance of pigs to rotavirus diarrhea occurs, humoral immunity as measured by ELISA rotavirus antibody titers may not be intimately involved in virus clearance since in our studies baby pigs passively received large amounts of antibody but still excreted pathogenic virus. The finding of increasing levels of serum antirotavirus IgG in gilt/sow serum suggest that exposure to antigen of dams occur without significant increases in antirotavirus IgG titers in either colostrum, milk, or baby pig serum.  相似文献   

7.
The effects of supplemental yeast culture, litter size, stage and number of lactation on milk composition were studied in Pelibuey ewes. Twenty ewes were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments. Ten control ewes grazed on guinea grass (Panicum maximum) and were supplemented with concentrate. A further ten ewes received the same diet with 14 g/head/day of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Colostrum was collected within 24 h after parturition, and subsequently, milk samples were collected at fortnightly intervals (7, 21, 35, and 49 days). Total solids content averaged 32% in colostrum and 12.5% in milk. Colostrum of primiparous ewes had higher total solids content than that of ewes with more than five lactations. However, ewes with more than five lactations produced milk with higher net energy, total solids, protein, and casein than ewes with fewer lactations. Milk at 7 days had a significantly higher content of energy, total solids, and fat than milk at 21, 35, and 49 days. Total solids content was lower for ewes rearing one lamb than larger litter sizes. Supplementation with yeast culture did not affect the composition of colostrum and milk, which was mainly affected by the stage and number of lactation.  相似文献   

8.
The concentrations of IgG, IgM, IgA and the specific sow colostrum trypsin inhibitor (SCTI) were measured by radial immunodiffusion in colostrum and milk samples from sows and in serum samples from their offspring during the suckling period. A clear time dependence was found for all the measured variates in both whey and serum. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between, on the one hand, concentrations of IgG and IgA, but not IgM, in sera from 39 suckling piglets 1 and 3 days old, and, on the other hand, concentrations of the same immunoglobulins and of the trypsin inhibitor in maternal colostrum (n = 7). Multiple regression analyses showed that at day 1 and day 3 the levels of both IgG and IgA in serum samples from the suckling piglets were positively influenced by both the SCTI and the IgG or IgA contents in maternal colostrum.  相似文献   

9.
A lactation trial involving 105 sows was conducted to determine the effect of 12% roasted or raw, ground, whole, shelled peanuts on sow weight change during lactation, feed intake, piglet and litter weight gain, milk composition, and days to return to postweaning estrus. The trial was conducted using three sow groups during two farrowing seasons, summer (July to September) and winter (December to February). Diets were based on corn plus soybean meal. Diets contained either 5% animal fat or equivalent added fat from 12% roasted or raw, ground, shelled peanuts. The replacement of animal fat by roasted or raw peanuts had no effect (P greater than .20) on sow weight change, average daily feed intake during lactation or days to estrus postweaning, or on piglet weight gain or survival. Milk composition (percentage fat and protein) was not altered (P greater than .20) by source of fat in the summer; however, in the winter, sows fed roasted peanuts had higher (P less than .05) milk fat and protein percentage at 3 d postfarrowing than other treatment groups. At d 7, sows fed 12% roasted or raw peanuts had higher (P less than .05) milk protein than sows fed 5% animal fat. Sows farrowing in the summer had greater (P less than .01) weight loss and consumed less (P less than .05) feed during lactation than sows farrowing in the winter. Sows farrowed in the summer had larger (P less than .05) litters at birth and 14 d postfarrowing and greater (P less than .10) piglet and litter weight gain postfarrowing than those farrowed in the winter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

10.
The objective of this study was to develop a framework describing the milk production curve in sows as affected by parity, method of milk yield (MY) determination, litter size (LS), and litter gain (LG). A database containing data on LS, LG, dietary protein and fat content, MY, and composition measured on more than 1 d during lactation and method for determining MY from peer reviewed publications and individual sow data from 3 studies was constructed. A Bayesian hierarchical model was developed to analyze milk production data. The classical Wood curve was used to model time trends in MY during lactation, and it was re-parameterized expressing the natural logarithm of MY values at d 5, 20, and 30 as functional parameters. The model incorporated random effects of experiment, sow nested within experiment, and fixed effects of LS, LG, parity, and method through the functional parameters of the Wood curve. A second set of models were constructed to analyze milk composition data, including day in milk, LS, dietary protein, and fat contents. Four scenarios with different LG and LS were constructed using the framework to estimate the energy output in milk at different days during lactation. The estimated energy output was compared with energy output values calculated using the 1998 NRC method. Milk yield was underestimated by approximately 20% with the weigh-suckle-weigh technique compared with the deuterium oxide dilution technique (P < 0.001). The mean LG and LS for the dataset were 2.05 kg/d (1.0; 3.3) and 9.5 piglets (5; 14), respectively. The MY was affected by LS on d 5 and 20 (P < 0.001) and by LG on d 20 (P < 0.001) and d 30 (P = 0.004). The mean time to peak lactation was 18.7 d (SD = 1.06) postpartum and mean MY at peak lactation was 9.23 kg (SD = 0.14). The average protein, lactose, and fat content of milk was 5.22 (SD = 0.06), 5.41 (SD = 0.08), and 7.32% (SD = 0.17%), respectively. The NE requirement for lactation increased from d 5 to 20 because of increased MY. Requirements also increased with increasing LG and LS. The framework could be used to predict energy and protein requirements for lactation under different production expectations and can be incorporated into a whole animal model for determination of energy and nutrient requirements for lactating sows, which can optimize sow performance and longevity.  相似文献   

11.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with various fat sources (3.8–3.9% of diet) during late pregnancy and lactation on the reproductive performance, fatty acids profile in colostrum, milk and serum of sow progeny. A total of 80 multiparous sows were randomly fed a control (adding no oil), palm oil (PO), fish oil (FO) or soybean oil (SO) supplemented diet from 90 days of pregnancy to weaning. Supplementation of FO increased litter size of weak piglets, compared with the control‐fed sows (P < 0.05). Dietary FO and SO supplementation, enhanced the weaning survival rate, litter weaning weight, litter weight gain and fat content in milk (P < 0.05). The highest immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM levels in colostrum and milk were observed in the FO group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the highest concentration of C22:5 (n‐3) and C22:6 (n‐3) in colostrum, milk and piglet serum was observed in the FO group (P < 0.05). Taken together, dietary inclusion of FO or SO improved growth performance of nursing piglets by increasing milk fat output, and FO consumption by sows might benefit the piglets via increasing n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid availability and immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) secretion.  相似文献   

12.
母乳中含有多种VA,如视黄醇、β-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质、α-胡萝卜素、番茄红素及叶黄素等,且母乳初乳、过渡乳和成熟乳中VA的含量不同,但总体上VA含量随着泌乳期的延长而降低。如母乳中含量最高的VA视黄醇,其在初乳、过渡乳、成熟乳中的含量分别为478～1 920、440～1 270、178～825 μg/L。母乳中VA含量除受泌乳时间影响外,还与地域、乳母膳食及母乳脂肪含量等有关。本文重点介绍不同国家/地区母乳中VA的种类、含量、影响因素及其健康作用（视觉健康、免疫健康和生长发育等）,以期为婴幼儿配方乳粉的发展提供参考。  相似文献   

13.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different ratios of n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in sow diets on the performance of lactating sows and their piglets at low digestible energy intakes.Twenty-one pregnant Landrace sows were assigned to one of three diets from day 108 of gestation until weaning (26 to 29 d),containing n-6∶n-3 PUFA ratios of 3∶1,8∶1 and 11∶1.The effects on sow and litter production traits and on sow body condition were examined.There were no differences among treatments in daily feed intakes or in changes in sow weight and back-fat levels during lactation.Litter size,litter weight at birth and weaning and litter average daily weight gain were also unaffected by treatment.As expected,large differences were observed in n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in the colostrum and plasma of sows and piglets (P ＜ 0.01 ).The ratio of n-6∶n-3 PUFA the diet was positively correlated with those in colostrum,sow plasma and piglet plasma ( R2 =0.55,0.80 and 0.80,respectively).Sow plasma insulin and IGF-I levels at weaning were unaffected by the treatments.Plasma leptin ( P ＜ 0.05) concentrations were increased in sows fed the diet with a n-6∶ n-3 ratio of 8∶1.Immunoglobulin concentrations in colostrum were not altered by dietary treatment.Plasma IgG concentrations at d 14 were highest in piglets from sows fed the 8∶1 ratio of n-6∶n-3.Furthermore,this group had the highest IgA concentrations at day 21 of lactation compared with the other two groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).In summary,our study demonstrated that at low digestible energy levels,altering the ratio of n-6∶n-3 PUFA in the diets for lactating sows affected immune components and the fatty acid composition of lactating sows and their piglets.Further studies are needed to examine whether higher levels of fat supplementation than those used in the present study ( 1.5％ ) can successfully enhance performance.  相似文献   

14.
Forty-two sows were used to determine the effects of adding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) to the gestation and lactation diets on the performance of sows and their progeny. At 5 d before breeding, sows were allotted to 2 dietary treatments representing 1) sows fed a diet with 12.0 g of fermentation product/d through gestation and 15.0 g of fermentation product/d through lactation (SCFP treatment, n=22), and 2) sows fed a diet with equal amounts of a mixture of corn and soybean meal instead of the SCFP (CON treatment, n=20). Sow BW and backfat thickness were recorded. Blood was collected from sows, as well as piglets, for the measurement of cell numbers, plasma urea nitrogen (PUN), and IgG. Fecal samples from d 7 to 9 of lactation were collected to determine apparent total tract nutrient digestibility. The composition of colostrum and milk was also measured. No difference (P > 0.10) in reproductive performance was observed between treatments. However, sows in the SCFP treatment tended to have increased total litter weaning weight (P=0.068) and litter BW gain (P=0.084) compared with sows in the CON treatment. Neutrophil count was decreased (P < 0.05) by adding the fermentation product on d 110 of gestation and d 17 of lactation, whereas a decreased (P < 0.05) white blood cell count was observed only on d 110 of gestation. Concentration of PUN tended to be greater (P=0.069) for sows in the CON treatment compared with sows in the SCFP treatment on d 110 of gestation. Apparent total tract nutrient digestibility values of ash, CP, DM, and ether extract were not affected (P > 0.10) by adding the fermentation product. Protein and fat contents in colostrum and milk did not differ (P > 0.10) between treatments. Colostrum from sows in the SCFP treatment contained a greater (P < 0.05) amount of ash than colostrum from sows in the CON treatment. Immunoglobulin G measured in the colostrum, milk, and plasma of piglets did not differ (P > 0.10) between sows in the CON and SCFP treatments. This study indicates that adding the SCFP in the gestation and lactation diets has the potential to 1) improve litter BW gain during lactation, possibly by improving maternal protein utilization, as shown in a tendency to reduce PUN; 2) improve the maternal health status, as shown by the reduced neutrophil cell count; and 3) increase milk production, as shown in a tendency to improve litter BW gain without affecting nutrient composition of the colostrum and milk.  相似文献   

15.
试验旨在研究水牛初乳和常乳主要组分的动态变化规律。采用乳品分析仪对摩本杂水牛(摩拉水牛×德宏水牛)初乳和常乳中乳脂、乳糖、乳蛋白、总固形物(TS)和非脂固形物(SNF)等含量进行测定,用SDS-PAGE对乳蛋白各组分进行分离,并利用凝胶成像系统进行扫描定量。结果表明,初乳中乳糖含量随泌乳天数的增加逐渐升高;乳蛋白、总固形物(TS)和非脂固形物(SNF)含量呈下降趋势;初乳中乳脂含量变化不规则,出现小幅波动;蛋白质各组分中乳铁蛋白(LF)、血清白蛋白(SA)、免疫球蛋白(Igs)含量第1天最高,以后开始下降;酪蛋白(CN)在乳蛋白百分比含量中占优势,随着泌乳天数的增加逐渐升高;β-乳球蛋白(β-LG)第1天含量低,第5 和7天达到最高值;α-乳白蛋白(α-LA)第1天最低,第2天急剧上升,以后变化平稳。常乳中大部分组分含量比较稳定,有时有波动,但各天数之间差异不显著。研究结果显示,水牛乳中大部分组分的含量在初乳中变化较大,初乳的营养价值高于常乳。  相似文献   

16.
本文分析研究了西农萨能奶山羊、英国萨能奶山羊和关中奶山羊末乳中脂肪、乳糖、蛋白质、总干物质、灰分及钙和磷的含量及其变化,同时也对3个被试品种羊奶中氨基酸含量进行了测定。研究结果表明末乳中 pH 值、灰分和蛋白质含量达到整个泌乳期最高水平,而酸度和乳糖含量则较低.蛋白质含量高于脂肪含量。3个品种间氨基酸含量基本相近。山羊奶里酪蛋白中谷氨酸与组氨酸的比值明显高于牛奶.这是山羊奶酪蛋白的特点之一。山羊奶中游离氨基酸含量明显高于牛奶。  相似文献   

17.
本试验旨在探讨饲粮中添加低聚壳聚糖对母猪繁殖性能、泌乳性能和血浆生化指标的影响。选择24头胎次、体重和预产期相近的健康大白猪母猪,随机分为3个组,每组8个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组饲粮在基础饲粮中分别添加50和100 g/t的低聚壳聚糖。试验从母猪妊娠第85天时开始,至分娩后第21天时结束。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加低聚壳聚糖可显著增加母猪的健仔数和哺乳期平均日采食量(P0.05),显著降低母猪的产程(P0.05),且在一定程度上可改善母猪的便秘和降低母猪的背膘厚损失;与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组仔猪的初生窝重显著增加(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组母猪的哺乳期泌乳量显著增加(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组母猪初乳中乳脂肪含量显著增加(P0.05),试验Ⅰ组初乳中尿素氮(UN)含量和常乳中精氨酸、总氨基酸、限制性氨基酸含量显著增加(P0.05)。3)试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组母猪的血浆谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性显著低于对照组(P0.05),各组的血浆碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性和总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、UN、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(CHO)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量均无显著差异(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加低聚壳聚糖对母猪的繁殖性能和泌乳性能均有一定的促进作用。综合本研究结果,50 g/t低聚壳聚糖为母猪饲粮中的最佳添加剂量。  相似文献   

18.
In this study, the effect of the lactation stage on changes in the fat and cholesterol content and fatty acid composition of colostrum and milk of Wielkopolska mares' was investigated. Colostrum and milk samples from 10 lactating mares were collected at the beginning of lactation, on the 1st and 2nd day after foaling and then, starting from the first month of lactation, at 4 weeks' intervals up to the fifth month of lactation. Statistically significant differences were found between mares' colostrum and milk in the fat and cholesterol content as well as in the percentage rate of total fatty acids which occurred in significant quantities. Together with the lengthening of the lactation time, the content of fat and cholesterol in the mares' milk was observed to decrease. The authors also found a significant impact of the lactation period on changes in the ratio of polyenoic fatty acids from the n-6 to n-3 family. Bearing in mind the fat and cholesterol content and a more favourable (from the nutritional point of view) ratio of fatty acids from the family of n-6 to n-3, it is recommended to collect milk from mares in the 4th and 5th month of lactation.  相似文献   

19.
This study evaluated the effects of supplementing sow diets with oregano essential oils (OEO) during gestation and lactation on sow colostrum and milk composition and on the growth pattern and immune status of suckling pigs. A total of 70 second-parity sows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 gestation dietary treatments within 24 h after service: control (CON) or CON + 250 mg/kg of OEO (OREG). In lactation, sows were again assigned to either the CON or OREG dietary treatment. Thus, the lactation treatments were CON-CON, CON-OREG, OREG-CON, and OREG-OREG. Colostrum and blood samples were collected from 6 sows per lactation dietary treatment. Thymus lymphocyte (T lymphocyte) subpopulations (γδ, cluster of differentiation 8, and 32 cluster of differentiation 4) were enumerated in blood and mammary secretions along with IGF-1, IgG, and IgA concentrations. Piglet growth rate were determined from 18, 17, 17, and 18 litters from the CON-CON, CON-OREG, OREG-CON, and OREG-OREG lactation dietary treatments, respectively. Growth rates were determined in 630 piglets, and piglets were individually identified and weighed on 1, 5, 9, 12, 16, and 19 d of age. Oregano essential oil supplementation during gestation or lactation had no effect (P > 0.05) on GE, CP, GE:CP, GE:fat, and IGF-1 in sow milk. Reductions of the fat percentage in milk on d 7 (P < 0.05) and d 14 (P = 0.07) were found in sows supplemented with OEO during lactation compared with those in the CON treatment. Milk from sows supplemented with OEO during lactation had the greatest number of T lymphocytes compared with those in the lactation CON treatment on d 14 of lactation (P < 0.01). The number of T lymphocytes in milk was greater for sows in the CON-OREG treatment compared with those other treatments on d 14 of lactation (P < 0.05). Energy intake was greater on d 1 to 5 in piglets from sows fed OEO during gestation than those from sows in the CON treatment (P < 0.05). A trend (P = 0.10) for greater milk intake was observed in piglets from sows supplemented with OEO during gestation compared with those from sows in the CON treatment. Similarly, a tendency for an increase in ADG on d 1 to 5 was found in piglets from sows supplemented with OEO during gestation compared with those from sows in the CON treatment (P = 0.10). Insulin-like growth factor-1 at birth and on d 7 and 14 of lactation did not differ among piglets from sows assigned to the different dietary treatments. Oregano essential oil supplementation of sow diets did not affect (P > 0.05) immunoglobulin concentrations in piglets after suckling. Supplementing sow diets with OEO during gestation or lactation did not affect (P > 0.05) the T lymphocytes, percentage of T-lymphocyte subpopulations, and natural killer cell activity of piglets during lactation. Supplementing sow diets with 250 mg/kg of OEO during gestation and lactation did not affect the growth potential of and immune responses in suckling piglets.  相似文献   

20.
Radioimmunology was used to determine leptin and ghrelin levels in sow colostrum and milk in relation to those in sow and neonatal pig blood plasma and to the body weight of piglets during the first week of lactation. The highest concentration of leptin was found in colostrum on the second day of lactation (69.3 ± 6.3 ng/mL). Leptin concentrations in sow plasma were significantly lower than in colostrum/milk (2.19 ± 0.9 ng/mL, P = 0.7692) and were stable in the first 7 days of lactation. Total and active ghrelin concentrations in colostrum/milk were stable in the measured time points (6734 ± 261 pg/mL, P = 0.3397; 831 ± 242 pg/mL, P = 0.3988, respectively). Total ghrelin concentrations in sow plasma were lower than in colostrum/milk. These results indicate that pigs follow a unique species‐specific pattern of leptin and ghrelin synthesis, release and existence, and that the mammary gland is an important source of leptin and ghrelin contained in colostrum/milk.  相似文献   

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