共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 375 毫秒
1.
2.
《中国兽医杂志》2015,(3)
为了研究3种β-内酰胺类抗生素对化脓隐秘杆菌分离株的体外抗菌活性及抗生素后效应,采用试管液体二倍稀释法测定抗菌药物对化脓隐秘杆菌的体外抗菌活性,采用平板菌落计数法绘制3种β-内酰胺类抗生素对化脓隐秘杆菌分离株的时间-杀菌曲线。结果青霉素、头孢氨苄和头孢噻呋对化脓隐秘杆菌分离株的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为0.5、2μg/m L和1μg/m,最低杀菌浓度(MBC)分别为4、16μg/m L和16μg/m L;头孢噻呋对化脓隐秘杆菌的杀菌速率最快,青霉素次之;头孢噻呋对化脓隐秘杆菌分离株的抗生素后效应(PAE)较强(3.76 h),青霉素对化脓隐秘杆菌分离株的PAE较弱(2.31 h)。 相似文献
3.
4.
为了解洛阳地区鸡大肠杆菌病的流行现状以及对β-内酰胺类药物的敏感情况,采用两倍稀释法测定氨苄西林、头孢噻呋、头孢吡肟、氨曲南等药物对11株临床分离鸡大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度。结果显示：单独用药,氨苄西林抗菌活性最弱,其MIC值均不低于320ug／ml,头孢吡肟抗菌活性最强,其MIC值为1．25-2．5ug／ml。氨苄西林、头孢噻呋与β-内酰胺酶抑制剂联用后,联用MIC值比单药的MIC值降低了1／32-1／2,头孢噻呋与非B一内酰胺类药物联用后,联用MIC值比单药MIC值降低了1／120-1／16。 相似文献
5.
通过用头孢噻呋等抗菌药物对兽医 临床常见的4种标准菌株的体外抗菌活性的 研究,表明头孢噻呋等对4种标准菌株的抗 菌活性较强;头孢噻呋等对4种标准菌株的 杀菌速率均较大;与氨苄西林相比,头孢噻呋 的各个浓度(8,5,2MIC)对金黄色葡萄球菌、 猪链球菌的杀菌速率较小,即它们在3h内使 活菌减少的值差异显著(P<0.05),但头孢 噻呋的各个浓度(8,5,2MIC)对鸡大肠杆菌、 鸡白痢沙门氏菌的杀菌速率均大于氨苄西林 的各个浓度;头孢噻呋与头孢曲松的各个浓 度相比较,对4种标准菌株的杀菌速率差异 均不显著(P>0.05);头孢噻呋等3种β 内 酰胺类抗生素对4种菌株的杀菌速率均不随 浓度(8,5,2MIC)的增加而增大(P> 0.05),即它们均为非浓度依赖性的杀菌药 物。 相似文献
6.
7.
头孢喹诺对临床分离菌株抗菌活性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究旨在评价头孢喹诺对上海市养殖场临床分离菌株的体外抗菌作用,为头孢喹诺的临床使用提供参考依据。从上海市养殖场分离并鉴定大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌各若干株,采用微量肉汤稀释法测定头孢喹诺对各菌株的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）、最小杀菌浓度（MBC）,推算MIC50和MIC90,并绘制头孢喹诺对这4种细菌的杀菌动力学曲线。头孢喹诺对金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌的MIC50分别为0.063、0.063、0.032、0.125 μg/mL,MIC90分别为0.125、0.125、0.125、0.25 μg/mL;在很小的浓度变化范围内头孢喹诺能够快速抑菌,在抑菌浓度为1倍或2倍MIC时,24 h内能杀灭金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌或链球菌、沙门氏菌。头孢喹诺对上述几种临床分离细菌具有很强的抑菌效果和杀菌活性。 相似文献
8.
试验应用试管二倍稀释法测定硫酸头孢喹肟可溶性粉对鸭疫里默氏杆菌(RA)的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),并设盐酸环丙沙星可溶性粉、盐酸多西环素可溶性粉和氟苯尼考可溶性粉为对照药物。结果显示,硫酸头孢喹肟可溶性粉对鸭疫里氏杆菌有较强的抗菌活性,MIC为0.082μg/mL,抗RA效果优于盐酸环丙沙星可溶性粉、盐酸多西环素可溶性粉和氟苯尼考可溶性粉。头孢喹肟作为第四代头孢菌素类药物,抗革兰氏阴性菌作用强,可用于临床治疗鸭疫里氏默杆菌感染。 相似文献
9.
采用试管二倍稀释法，测定了9种抗菌药物对禽多杀性巴氏杆菌的体外抗菌活性（MIC和MBC）。结果表明氨苄西林、阿莫西林和诺氟沙星对禽多杀性巴氏杆菌的MIC均为0．125μg／mL，诺氟沙星MBC为0．5μg／mL，氨苄西林和阿莫西林的MBC都为1．0μg／mL。氟苯尼考、替米考星和卡那霉素对禽多杀性巴氏杆菌的MIC分别为：0．5、2和2μg／mL。 相似文献
10.
头孢噻呋与恩诺沙星联用体外抗菌活性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用两倍稀释法、棋盘法测定头孢噻呋、恩诺沙星以及两者联用对鸡大肠杆菌标准株、临床分离株和鸡链球菌标准株、临床分离株的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)值。结果显示:单方头孢噻呋对五菌株的MIC值介于1～32μg/ml之间,恩诺沙星的MIC值介于0.5～64μg/ml之间,且两药对临床分离株的抗菌活性均明显较标准株低。两药联用对鸡大肠杆菌标准株和临床分离不产酶株、鸡链球菌标准株的部分抑菌浓度(FIC)指数均为0.75,呈现相加作用;对鸡大肠杆菌临床分离产酶株和鸡链球菌临床分离株的FIC指数为1.5,呈现无关作用,但头孢噻呋联用MIC值仅为单方的1/2。 相似文献
11.
Cefquinome is known for its use as an antibacterial drug in cattle and pigs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of cefquinome against equine pathogenic bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cefquinome was determined for a total of 205 strains, which had recently been isolated in Europe from diseased horses (respiratory infection, foal septicaemia). The bactericidal activity was tested against 19 strains using the time killing method. The post-antibiotic effect (PAE) and post-antibiotic sub-MIC effect (PA SME) were determined against 12 strains. Cefquinome showed high activity against Actinobacillus equuli and streptococci (MIC(90) of 0.016 and 0.032microg/mL), Enterobacteriaceae (MIC(90)=0.125microg/mL) and staphylococci (MIC(90)=0.5microg/mL). The activity was limited against Rhodococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Cefquinome was shown to be a time dependent bactericidal antibiotic against the target pathogens, killing occurring at a concentration close to the MIC. A PAE of 0.5-10h was calculated against streptococci whereas no PAE was observed for Escherichia coli. A longer PA SME was determined for streptococci (3.3 to >24h with a killing effect) and E. coli (0.5-13.9h). Cefquinome was shown to have a broad spectrum of activity which covers many equine pathogens. 相似文献
12.
This research was aimed to investigate the effect of rosemarinic acid combined with antibacterial agents against bacterial carrying gene fosA3 in vitro.Resistance gene types were determined by identification of bacteria isolated in clinics.Antibacterial activity and fungicidal activity of rosemarinic acid were tested by oxford cup method and spread-plate method.The minimal inhibiton concertration (MIC) of rosemarinic acid and antibacterial agents were tested through twice micro-dilution method,fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of rosemarinic acid combined with antibacterial agents were determined by microdilution checkerboard techniques.Escheriohia coli carrying multidrug resistance gene fosA3 was isolated.The MIC of rosemarinic acid was 640 μg/mL,when application of rosemarinic acid combined with ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin,coly-mycin,gatifloxacin,amikacin,ceftazidime,ceftiofur sodium,FICI≤0.5,showed an additive effect;With ceftriaxone sodium,norfloxacin,mequindox,0.5fosA3 Escheriohia coli.Antibacterial activities of antibacterial agents against the fosfomycin resistance gene fosA3 Escherichia coli were enhanced significantly by rosemarinic acid. 相似文献
13.
试验旨在探讨迷迭香酸与抗菌药联合体外抗含fosA3耐药基因大肠杆菌的效果。本试验对临床分离的细菌进行鉴定,确定细菌所含耐药基因种类,用牛津杯法测定迷迭香酸的抑菌活性,平板涂布法测定迷迭香酸的杀菌活性,采用96孔反应板二倍微量稀释法分别检测迷迭香酸与抗菌药的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),再用微量棋盘稀释法测定迷迭香酸与抗菌药联合作用后的分级抑菌浓度指数(FICI)。结果显示,分离到含fosA3耐药基因大肠杆菌;迷迭香酸的MIC为640 μg/mL,迷迭香酸与环丙沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、黏杆菌素、加替沙星、阿米卡星、头孢他啶、头孢噻呋钠联合应用后其FICI≤0.5,有协同作用;与头孢曲松钠、诺氟沙星、痢菌净联合应用后0.5fosA3基因大肠杆菌有一定的抑菌活性和杀菌活性,其与部分抗菌药联合应用后,抗菌药体外抗菌活性显著增强。 相似文献
14.
为了有效地治疗鸡大肠杆菌病,采用微量倍比稀释方法测定了17种抗菌药物对临床分离的豫北地区15株鸡大肠杆菌的体外最小抑菌浓度(MIC),并根据其MIC及MIC范围(MICRange)使用SPSS 13.0中Probit过程计算出17种抗菌药物的MIC50和MIC90.结果表明:多粘菌素B的抑菌作用最强,MIC50、MIC90分别为0.11、0.87 μg/mL;加替沙星的抑菌作用次之,MIC50、MIC90分别为2.53、3.88 μg/mL,其它3种药物恩诺沙星、左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星的抑菌作用相当,但不及加替沙星,MIC50、MIC90分别为10.11～11.79 μg/mL、15.16～21.13 μg/mL;多西环素和阿莫西林等12种抗菌药物的抑菌作用较小,MIC50、MIC90分别为18.53～388.50 μg/mL和30.59～713.42 μg/mL. 相似文献
15.
Govendir M Norris JM Hansen T Wigney DI Muscatello G Trott DJ Malik R 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,153(3-4):240-245
Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) and Nocardiae can cause severe or refractory infections in cats and dogs. Prolonged antibacterial therapy is required to cure these infections. As fluoroquinolones have been used in combination therapy for treating RGM infections, isolates from the Mycobacterium smegmatis cluster (n=64), Mycobacterium fortuitum cluster (n=17), and M. mageritense cluster (n=2), collected from feline and canine patients, underwent susceptibility testing to pradofloxacin. The MIC(50), MIC(90) and tentative epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) values as determined by microbroth dilution susceptibility testing that inhibited growth of the M. smegmatis and M. fortuitum clusters were 0.063, 0.125 and ≤ 0.25; and 0.125, 0.250 and ≤ 1.0 μg/mL, respectively. E-Test results showed similar trends but MICs were lower than those for microbroth dilution. In summary, pradofloxacin demonstrated effective in vitro activity against RGM isolates. Additionally, veterinary isolates of Nocardia nova (n=18), Nocardia farcinica (n=3) and Nocardia cyriacigeorgica (n=1) underwent microbroth dilution testing to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and pradofloxacin. The MIC(50) and MIC(90) of pradofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin that inhibited growth of Nocardia nova isolates were 2 (4), 8 (16), 16 (32) μg/mL, respectively. The tentative ECOFF values for pradofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were 32 μg/mL and for enrofloxacin 64 μg/mL. The MIC or MIC range for the three N. farcinica isolates of pradofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin were 0.25-0.5, 2 and 2 μg/mL and for the single N. cyriacigeorgica isolate were 1, 4 and 4 μg/mL, respectively. On the basis on these results, fluoroquinolones appear to have limited therapeutic potential for most Nocardia infections. 相似文献
16.
Plasma and synovial fluid pharmacokinetics of cefquinome following the administration of multiple doses in horses 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 K. Uney F. Altan S. Altan H. Erol M. Arican M. Elmas 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2017,40(3):239-247
The plasma and synovial fluid pharmacokinetics and safety of cefquinome, a 2‐amino‐5‐thiazolyl cephalosporin, were determined after multiple intravenous administrations in sixteen healthy horses. Cefquinome was administered to each horse through a slow i.v. injection over 20 min at 1, 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg (n = 4 horses per dose) every 12 h for 7 days (a total of 13 injections). Serial blood and synovial fluid samples were collected during the 12 h after the administration of the first and last doses and were analyzed by a high‐performance liquid chromatography assay. The data were evaluated using noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analyses. The estimated plasma pharmacokinetic parameters were compared with the hypothetical minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (0.125–2 μg/mL). The plasma and synovial fluid concentrations and area under the concentration–time curves (AUC) of cefquinome showed a dose‐dependent increase. After a first dose of cefquinome, the ranges for the mean plasma half‐life values (2.30–2.41 h), the mean residence time (1.77–2.25 h), the systemic clearance (158–241 mL/h/kg), and the volume of distribution at steady‐state (355–431 mL/kg) were consistent across dose levels and similar to those observed after multiple doses. Cefquinome did not accumulate after multiple doses. Cefquinome penetrated the synovial fluid with AUCsynovial fluid/AUCplasma ratios ranging from 0.57 to 1.37 after first and thirteenth doses, respectively. Cefquinome is well tolerated, with no adverse effects. The percentage of time for which the plasma concentrations were above the MIC was >45% for bacteria, with MIC values of ≤0.25, ≤0.5, and ≤1 μg/mL after the administration of 1, 2, and 4 or 6 mg/kg doses of CFQ at 12‐h intervals, respectively. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal dosage regimes in critically ill patients. 相似文献
17.
Mycoplasma hyosynoviae is a common agent responsible for polyarthritis leading to decreased production in swine herds worldwide. Antimicrobial agents are used to combat infections; however breakpoints for M. hyosynoviae have not yet been established. A number of methods have previously been utilized to analyze minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for antibiotics against M. hyosynoviae; however these techniques as currently described are not easily standardized between laboratories. A dry microbroth dilution method was conducted to compare the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for 18 antibiotics, representative of different classes, against 24 recent isolates (23 field isolates and the type strain) of M. hyosynoviae. The MICs were determined using standard, commercially available 96-well Sensititre(?) plates containing various freeze-dried antibiotics at a range of concentrations appropriate to their potency. Clindamycin (CLI), a lincosamide antibiotic, showed the highest activity and most consistent inhibition for all isolates with an MIC(50) of ≤ 0.12 μg/ml. Tiamulin (TIA), a pleuromutilin derivative, exhibited an MIC(50) of ≤ 0.25 μg/ml. The isolates had similar levels of susceptibility to the quinolones, enrofloxacin (ENRO) and danofloxacin (DANO), exhibiting an MIC(50) of 0.25 μg/ml and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. For the macrolides, the MIC(50) for tylosin (TYLT) and tilmicosin (TIL) was ≤ 0.25 μg/ml and ≤ 2 μg/ml respectively, but was ≤ 16 μg/ml for tulathromycin (TUL). For the aminoglycosides, the MIC(50) for gentamicin (GEN) was ≤ 0.5 μg/ml, while spectinomycin (SPE) and neomycin (NEO) had an MIC(50) of ≤ 4 μg/ml. The tetracyclines, oxytetracycline (OXY) and chlortetracycline (CTET) both had an MIC(50) of ≤ 2 μg/ml. Florfenicol (FFN) exhibited a MIC(50) of ≤ 1 μg/ml. All isolates were resistant to penicillin (PEN), ampicillin (AMP), ceftiofur (TIO), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT), and sulphadimethoxine (SDM) at all concentrations. Within the isolates tested, there was a range of sensitivity detected, with some isolates being overall more resistant while others appeared more susceptible. Further research is required to demonstrate how this MIC data correlates to clinical efficacy of the various antibiotics in the field. 相似文献
18.
豫北地区临床分离鸡大肠杆菌的体外抑菌作用测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了有效地治疗鸡大肠杆菌病,采用微量倍比稀释方法测定了17种抗菌药物对临床分离的豫北地区15株鸡大肠杆菌的体外最小抑菌浓度（MIC）,并根据其MIC及MIC范围（MICRange）使用SPSS 13.0中Probit过程计算出17种抗菌药物的MIC50和MIC90。结果表明：多粘菌素B的抑菌作用最强,MIC50、MIC90分别为0.11、0.87μg/mL;加替沙星的抑菌作用次之,MIC50、MIC90分别为2.53、3.88μg/mL,其它3种药物恩诺沙星、左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星的抑菌作用相当,但不及加替沙星,MIC50、MIC90分别为10.11-11.79μg/mL、15.16-21.13μg/mL;多西环素和阿莫西林等12种抗菌药物的抑菌作用较小,MIC50、MIC90分别为18.53-388.50μg/mL和30.59-713.42μg/mL。 相似文献
19.
In vivo activity of cefquinome against Riemerella anatipestifer using the pericarditis model in the duck 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Y. Qu Y. Lu M. Sun Y. Zhang J. Zhong Z. Zeng 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2016,39(3):299-304
Cefquinome is a fourth‐generation cephalosporin with broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity, including activity against enteric gram‐negative bacilli such as Riemerella anatipestifer. The pericarditis model was used to examine the pharmacodynamic characteristics of cefquinome against R. anatipestifer. Serum levels of cefquinome following the administration of different doses were determined by LC‐MS/MS. Ducks with ca. 106 CFU/mL at the initiation of therapy were treated with cefquinome at doses that ranged from 0.0156 to 2 mg/kg of body weight/day (in 3, 6, 12, or 24 divided doses) for 24 h. The percentage of a 24‐h dosing interval that the unbound serum cefquinome concentrations exceeded the MIC (fT > MIC) were the pharmacokinetic (PK)–pharmacodynamic (PD) parameter that best correlated with efficacy (R2 86.3% for R. anatipestifer, compared with 58.9% for the area under the concentration–time curve/MIC and 10.6% for peak/MIC). A sigmoid Emax model was used to estimate the magnitudes of the %fT > MIC associated with net bacterial stasis, a 1‐log10 CFU reduction from baseline, and a 2‐log10 CFU reduction from baseline; the corresponding values were (22.5 ± 1.3) %, (35.2 ± 4.5) %, and (42.4 ± 2.7) %. These data showed that treatment with cefquinome results in marked antibacterial effects in qvivo against R. anatipestifer and that the host's immunity may also play a key role in the anti‐infective therapy process. 相似文献
20.
抗菌肽LL-37在毕赤酵母SMD1168中的高效表达及活性鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为获得高效表达的抗菌肽LL-37,根据人源抗菌肽LL-37的氨基酸序列,选择毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)密码子的偏嗜性,通过SOEing法改造合成LL-37基因片段,克隆到pGAPZαA质粒中,获得分泌型重组酵母表达载体pGAPZαA-LL-37。pGAPZαA-LL-37通过限制性内切酶AvrII酶切线性化后,经电穿孔法转入毕赤酵母细胞SMD1168。经Zeocin抗性筛选,得到高拷贝转化子,PCR检测表明LL-37基因与毕赤酵母染色体稳定结合。在GAP启动子调控下,LL-37蛋白获得分泌表达,其上清表达量约为237mg/L。表达产物耐热性强,在100℃条件下30min内仍保持一定的抗菌活性。表达产物对大肠杆菌DH5α、大肠杆菌D31和猪链球菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为1.56μg/mL、3.12μg/mL和6.25μg/mL。 相似文献