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1.
前期从自然界土壤中分离筛选到一株纤维素酶产生菌 Bacillus methylotrophicus SWU6菌株,为提高该菌株发酵产酶能力,本研究采用3,5二硝基水杨酸显色法(DNS)对该菌株产酶所需碳源、氮源、温度、pH 值、装瓶量、接种量等发酵条件进行优化,并比较优化前后等量发酵上清液中 CMCase 酶活大小。结果表明：SWU6菌株产纤维素酶的最适碳源为淀粉,最适氮源为牛肉膏,最适培养温度为50℃,培养基最适初始 pH 值为5.0,最适装瓶量为20%,最适接种量为2%;在最优发酵产酶条件下,SWU6菌株发酵上清液中的 CMCase 酶活达到454.69 U/mL,明显高于优化前利用基础培养基发酵所产的 CMCase 酶活,且酶活提高约3倍。通过发酵条件优化后,SWU6菌株单位体积发酵液显示出了更强的纤维素酶活性。  相似文献   

2.
拟康氏木霉固态发酵产纤维素酶系的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以稻草秸秆为主要原料,利用拟康氏木霉3.3002(Trichoderma pseudokoningii 3.3002)固态发酵生产纤维素酶,对培养条件进行了优化,并系统地测定了各种纤维素酶的酶活.结果表明,最优产酶培养基组成为:稻草秸秆和麸皮的混合比例为4:1,最佳氮源为2.5%(NH4)2SO4,最佳发酵时间120 h,培养温度35℃,接种量15%,pH 5.0,培养基含水率50%.在此条件下,该菌株产纤维素酶系中羧甲基纤维素酶(Cx)酶活力达4700 U/mL,葡聚糖外切酶(Cb)酶活力达3440 U/mL,葡萄糖内切酶(C1)酶活力达到1620 U/mL,滤纸酶(FPA)酶活力达到1935 U/mL.  相似文献   

3.
高产纤维素酶菌株的筛选、鉴定及产酶特性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了从腐殖质土壤中筛选得到高产纤维素酶菌株,本试验进行了产纤维素酶菌株的筛选、鉴定及其产酶特性研究。首先用羧甲基纤维素钠(CMA-Na)培养基初步分离产纤维素酶菌株,再经过酶活复筛得到一株高产纤维素酶菌株B17。经过形态学和16S rDNA测序鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),并对其发酵产酶条件和酶学性质进行初步研究。试验结果表明,菌株B17的最佳发酵条件为:培养时间3 d、发酵温度35℃、初始pH为6.0,该条件下测得CMC酶活达85.48 U/mL、FPA酶活达59.85 U/mL。酶学性质研究表明:菌株所产纤维素酶最适反应条件为温度50℃、pH为6.0,且具在30～60℃、pH为4.0～7.0范围均具有较高酶活。以上结果表明,本研究所得菌株B17具有较高的开发价值,可应用于农作物秸秆饲料的生产。  相似文献   

4.
试验旨在对一株杜仲树皮内生菌贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)的内切纤维素酶(CMCase)进行产酶条件优化及酶学性质分析,为探究贝莱斯芽孢杆菌CMCase的相关特性提供参考依据。采用单因子试验设计,分别优化pH、接种量、温度、时间、碳源和氮源等发酵条件,并探讨温度、pH、底物专一性、金属离子及表面活性剂对CMCase的影响。结果表明,以玉米秸秆为碳源(30 g/L)、豆粕为氮源(30 g/L)、3%接菌量、pH 7.0的条件下37℃培养48 h,贝莱斯芽孢杆菌157的CMCase最高可达(5.14±0.18) U/mL。经CMCase酶学性质分析发现,贝莱斯芽孢杆菌157的最适酶反应温度为60℃,最适pH为5.0;温度稳定性试验发现,在40和50℃时,相对剩余酶活力均高于80%,随着温度的升高,酶活力逐渐降低,当温度高于55℃,相对剩余酶活力约为50%;pH稳定性试验发现,在pH 5.0～10.0之间耐受性良好,相对剩余酶活力均高于90%,随作用时间的延长,相对剩余酶活力变化不大。贝莱斯芽孢杆菌157 CMCase属于典型内切型纤维素酶。Na~+、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)可促进贝莱斯芽孢杆菌157 CMCase酶活力,而Co~(2+)、Hg~(2+)、Fe~(2+)、Cu~(2+)和SDS抑制CMCase酶活力;表面活性剂Tween-80、Tween-20、Triton X-100对贝莱斯芽孢杆菌157 CMCase无影响。本试验通过对贝莱斯芽孢杆菌157进行产酶条件优化及CMCase酶学性质分析发现,贝莱斯芽孢杆菌157 CMCase具有产酶量高,耐受pH范围广的特点,在饲料添加剂、洗涤剂和造纸领域中具有一定的应用价值。  相似文献   

5.
为了从腐殖质土壤中筛选得到高产纤维素酶菌株,本试验进行了产纤维素酶菌株的筛选、鉴定及其产酶特性研究。首先用羧甲基纤维素钠(CMA-Na)培养基初步分离产纤维素酶菌株,再经过酶活复筛得到一株高产纤维素酶菌株B17。经过形态学和16S rDNA测序鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),并对其发酵产酶条件和酶学性质进行初步研究。试验结果表明,菌株B17的最佳发酵条件为:培养时间3 d、发酵温度35℃、初始pH为6.0,该条件下测得CMC酶活达85.48 U/mL、FPA酶活达59.85 U/mL。酶学性质研究表明:菌株所产纤维素酶最适反应条件为温度50℃、pH为6.0,且具在30～60℃、pH为4.0～7.0范围均具有较高酶活。以上结果表明,本研究所得菌株B17具有较高的开发价值,可应用于农作物秸秆饲料的生产。  相似文献   

6.
梅花鹿瘤胃纤维素降解菌的分离鉴定及其酶活力测定   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
为获得来源于梅花鹿瘤胃的高效纤维素降解菌,本试验采集了3锯龄健康梅花鹿的新鲜瘤胃液,用羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)培养基分离筛选纤维素降解菌,综合其形态学、生理生化特征和16SrDNA基因测序等对分离菌株进行分类学鉴定,利用DNS法对菌株的产纤维素酶条件进行初步研究,并探讨以不同物质为底物时的纤维素酶酶学特性,为后期菌株的应用提供理论数据。结果显示,本试验从梅花鹿瘤胃液中分离的菌株N-11是一株高效纤维素降解菌,经鉴定为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)。产酶性质研究结果表明,该菌株产纤维素酶活力在30~45℃(最适温度为40℃),pH为6.0~7.0(最适pH 6.0),碳源含量为2%~5%(最佳接种量5%)较高;培养36h时达到产酶高峰,纤维素酶酶活力(CMCA)和滤纸酶酶活力(FPA)分别为12.563、12.414U/mL,在20~50℃或pH 6.0~8.0环境下作用1h,其相对酶活力均保持在80%以上,稳定性较好。以上结果表明,蜡样芽孢杆菌N-11具有较高的纤维素酶活力,在纤维素利用方面具有较高的应用价值。  相似文献   

7.
青海高原产纤维素酶康氏木霉的酶促动力学研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
对分离自青海省东部土壤的产纤维素酶康氏木霉(Trichoderma koningii)0143p株进行产酶条件优化及酶促动力学特性研究。结果表明，T.koningii 0143p菌株在麦麸为碳源、尿素为氮源、起始pH值为7．0、28℃培养6d的条件下产酶量最高。在此产酶优化条件下，0143p菌株的湿固体发酵物滤纸酶活力(FPA)可达32pmol／min，为原产酶条件的1．6倍；酶作用的最适温度为50～55℃，最适pH4．8。T.koningii 0143p菌株可作为纤维素酶解饲料的酶源菌，具有良好的饲用前景。  相似文献   

8.
试验旨在对一株杜仲树皮内生菌贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)的内切纤维素酶(CMCase)进行产酶条件优化及酶学性质分析,为探究贝莱斯芽孢杆菌CMCase的相关特性提供参考依据。采用单因子试验设计,分别优化pH、接种量、温度、时间、碳源和氮源等发酵条件,并探讨温度、pH、底物专一性、金属离子及表面活性剂对CMCase的影响。结果表明,以玉米秸秆为碳源(30 g/L)、豆粕为氮源(30 g/L)、3%接菌量、pH 7.0的条件下37℃培养48 h,贝莱斯芽孢杆菌157的CMCase最高可达(5.14±0.18) U/mL。经CMCase酶学性质分析发现,贝莱斯芽孢杆菌157的最适酶反应温度为60℃,最适pH为5.0;温度稳定性试验发现,在40和50℃时,相对剩余酶活力均高于80%,随着温度的升高,酶活力逐渐降低,当温度高于55℃,相对剩余酶活力约为50%;pH稳定性试验发现,在pH 5.0～10.0之间耐受性良好,相对剩余酶活力均高于90%,随作用时间的延长,相对剩余酶活力变化不大。贝莱斯芽孢杆菌157 CMCase属于典型内切型纤维素酶。Na^+、Mg2+、Ca2+可促进贝莱斯芽孢杆菌157 CMCase酶活力,而Co2+、Hg2+、Fe2+、Cu2+和SDS抑制CMCase酶活力;表面活性剂Tween-80、Tween-20、Triton X-100对贝莱斯芽孢杆菌157 CMCase无影响。本试验通过对贝莱斯芽孢杆菌157进行产酶条件优化及CMCase酶学性质分析发现,贝莱斯芽孢杆菌157 CMCase具有产酶量高,耐受pH范围广的特点,在饲料添加剂、洗涤剂和造纸领域中具有一定的应用价值。  相似文献   

9.
在pH4.8,温度40℃的条件下,测定不同纤维素酶A、B和C的CMCase活力和FPase活力,其中A、B和C的CMCase活力分别为30.088、25.541和3.542u/g,FPase活力分别为6.558、6.703和1.513u/g。同时比较了3种纤维素酶的最适pH、温度及热稳定性,结果表明,酶A、B和C的CMCase最适pH相同,均为4.8;酶A和B的FPase最适pH也相同,为4.8;而酶C为5.4。酶A、B和C的CMCase最适温度均为50℃;酶A和B的FPase最适温度为50℃,而酶C为60℃。热稳定性酶C最好。  相似文献   

10.
以青藏高原冷地早熟禾草地土壤为样品,筛选低温纤维素降解菌株。采用刚果红染色法(水解圈法)和3,5-二硝基水杨酸(DNS)法进行菌株筛选与酶学特性研究,结合形态学与分子生物学方法对其进行鉴定。筛选出一株低温纤维素降解菌株(LD19),经鉴定为钉斑链霉菌(Streptomyces clavifer),同时该菌还具有降解半纤维素的能力。该菌产纤维素酶的最适温度为40℃,最适pH值为6,在30～70℃、pH值4～10时相对酶活力较稳定,Zn~(2+)对酶有抑制作用。该菌产半纤维素酶的最适温度为50℃,最适pH值为6,在30～40℃、pH值4～9时相对酶活力较稳定,Cu~(2+)等对该酶有促进作用。该菌株在培养102 h后两种酶的相对酶活力均达到最高值。菌株LD19可以同时分泌低温纤维素酶和半纤维素酶,在饲用酶制剂的应用中具有较大潜力。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

18.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

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