共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 812 毫秒
1.
本文首次利用我国特有的抗病品种小粒黑豆与辽宁省的主栽品种辽豆10配制杂交组合,以F2代群体为试验材料,系统地应用分离群体分组分析法(Bulked Segregant Analysis,BSA)寻找与大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种抗性基因相关的DNA分子标记以及同工酶标记和低分子肽/氨基酸标记,为我国的大豆抗胞囊线虫病育种提供理论指导.主要研究结果如下:1.利用杂交技术构建了大豆胞囊线虫抗性的分子表达平台.本研究配制了辽豆10×小粒黑豆的杂交组合,并利用海南加代快速繁殖,应用毒力最弱的大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种对F2代群体进行抗性鉴定和移栽,为大豆对胞囊线虫抗性分子标记的筛选提供了均一遗传背景的试验材料.对该组合进行田间抗性鉴定,结果表明符合抗感分离1∶3的比率,表明在辽豆10背景下小粒黑豆对大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种的抗性是由一对以上的隐性基因控制的.2.应用分离群体分组分析法在辽豆10和抗大豆胞囊线虫的核心抗源中获得了一个与感病性密切相关的RAPD标记S11700.应用143个随机引物,对由小粒黑豆和辽豆10配制的杂交组合的抗感亲本和构建的抗感池进行筛选,有92个引物产生了RAPD扩增产物,25个引物产生了RAPD多态性,其中一个引物产生了与抗大豆胞囊线虫基因密切相关的特异性DNA片段S11700,经多次重复验证,该片段在感病亲本及感病池中被特异性扩增,而在抗病亲本及抗病池中未产生该片段.利用S11700对不同抗性大豆品种进行分子标记鉴定和辅助选择,验证了该特异性片段与大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种抗性紧密相关,可以用于抗胞囊线虫大豆新品种的分子辅助选择育种.3.利用BSA法对11个黑色种皮的大豆品种和12个黄色种皮的大豆材料的基因组DNA进行RAPD分析,获得一个与大豆黄色种皮相关的特异DNA片段S79500.采用该标记对辽豆10×PI437654杂交后代种皮颜色有分化的群体进行检测,结果表明这个RAPD标记具有较高的重复性和稳定性,可用于辅助选育优良的黄色种皮的大豆新品种.4.获得了一个与大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种抗性基因相关的SSR分子标记Satt187.应用204对SSR引物对辽豆10×小粒黑豆进行SSR分析,31对引物产生了扩增产物,其中15对具有多态性,从中筛选到一个与大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种抗性基因相关的分子标记Satt187,其片段大小为172 bp和176 bp,为共显性标记,在F2代分离群体中的分离比为1∶2∶1,呈孟德尔式遗传.应用该标记对辽豆10x小粒黑豆F2代分离群体进行分子标记鉴定和辅助选择,在抗病单株中均检测到标记带Satt187-176 bp的存在,而在感病单株中检测到有Satt187-176 bp和Satt187-172 bp两种标记带或仅有Satt187-172 bp的标记带存在,分析表明该标记具有抗胞囊线虫分子标记辅助选择应用的前景.5.系统地研究了辽豆10×小粒黑豆和辽豆10×PI437654两对组合的亲本及其杂交后代植株体内防卫反应酶系,包括多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)酶活及根内可溶性蛋白含量的动态变化.研究结果表明,抗感亲本、子代在大豆胞囊线虫侵染后各种防御酶系和可溶性蛋白含量均产生相应的变化,表现出酶活及可溶性蛋白的变化与抗病性密切相关,可作为鉴定大豆抗源抗性强弱的一项辅助生化指标,在抗胞囊线虫病抗源筛选辅助选择中起到一定的作用.6.采用电泳技术,系统地研究了大豆胞囊线虫侵染后,抗感亲本及子代中PPO、POD、CAT、SOD等几种同工酶酶谱,获得了一条与大豆胞囊线虫抗性相关的特异性SOD谱带.研究结果表明,线虫侵染后,诱导植株体内PPO、POD、CAT、SOD及可溶性蛋白量的增加,抗病亲本诱导产生的酶蛋白及可溶性蛋白量均多于感病亲本,对于杂交后代,出现不同于亲本的新的同工酶和可溶性蛋白谱带.在两对组合的SOD酶谱中,分别出现一条特异性谱带(Rf=0.365和Rf=0.381),利用两对杂交组合F2代抗感单株进行SOD同工酶电泳分析,证明该带可以作为大豆抗胞囊线虫的一项较为可靠的生化标记.7.探讨了不同抗性大豆品种及杂交后代根系分泌物中低分子肽/氨基酸与抗性的相关性.应用简便快速的聚酰胺薄膜层析检测技术对不同抗性大豆品种及杂交后代根系分泌物中低分子肽/氨基酸与抗胞囊线虫的相关性进行了研究.结果表明,大豆胞囊线虫侵染后,抗感亲本和子代在出苗后不同时期根系分泌物中的低分子肽/氨基酸的种类和数量有所差异,出苗后1～6 d的变化明显,感病亲本及感病子代在D区和E区存在共有的荧光斑点,而抗病亲本及抗病子代则无,可将该项检测技术作为一种辅助手段,用于大豆对胞囊线虫3号生理小种的抗性鉴定. 相似文献
2.
大豆胞囊线虫病是世界大豆产区危害最重的病害之一.本文以高抗大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种的黑豆品种小粒黑豆为父本,以高感大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种的品种辽豆10号为母本配制杂交组合.利用分离群体分组分析法(BSA)对辽豆10号×小粒黑豆杂交组合的F2代大豆材料基因组DNA进行了RAPD分析,供试的143个随机引物有92个产生了RAPD扩增产物,其中产生RAPD多态性的随机引物有25个.筛选到一个与抗大豆胞囊线虫基因相关的特异性DNA片段S 11700,此RAPD标记具有较高的重复性和稳定性,可用于优良的抗大豆胞囊线虫新品种的辅助选育. 相似文献
3.
抗大豆胞囊线虫4号生理小种新品系的选育 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
采用兼抗大豆胞囊线虫１，３，４，５号生理小种的兴县灰布支黑豆，五寨赤不流黑豆和应县小黑豆等抗源与生产上广泛应用的优良品种杂效，经多年选择培育，获得１４个抗大豆胞囊线虫４号小种的黄粒新品系，历年鉴定，抗性稳定，根系胞囊平均在１０个以下，其中１０个品系根系胞囊在３以下，属高抗材料，并且表现直立不倒，百粒重比抗源亲本提高５０％以上，产量大大提高，折合产１２５－１５０ｋｇ，均超过抗源亲本的１０－１５％，接 相似文献
4.
大豆胞囊线虫病（Soybean cyst nematode）严重危害我国大豆生产。我国大豆胞囊线虫有8个生理小种,其中,4号生理小种致病力最强,主要分布在黄淮海大豆产区。了解抗源的遗传模式有助于抗病基因的定位和分子标记的开发。以对大豆胞囊线虫4号生理小种高抗抗源CBL黑豆为父本、高感材料品75-14为母本,构建了F1、F2和F2∶3 3个世代群体,利用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型的联合分离分析方法,分析CBL黑豆抗大豆胞囊线虫4号生理小种的遗传效应。结果表明：CBL黑豆对胞囊线虫4号生理小种的抗性受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因和加性-显性-上位性多基因控制,F2世代主基因遗传率为64.47%,F2∶3世代主基因遗传率为75.99%。主基因遗传率较高,育种可以在早代选择。 相似文献
5.
灰皮支黑豆抗大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种的生化机制研究 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
以抗感大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种品种灰皮支黑豆和辽豆15为研究对象,三叶期后室内人工接种大豆胞囊线虫,接种后5,10,15,20,25,30 d取样,测定抗感品种接种与未接种根内多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性的动态变化,以及根内次生代谢物质总酚和类黄酮含量的动态变化,进而揭示灰皮支黑豆抗大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种的生化机制.试验结果表明,大豆受大豆胞囊线虫侵染后,抗感品种根内PPO、POD、PAL酶活性均表现升高,并且在抗病品种灰皮支黑豆中酶活性高峰出现的早,根内总酚和类黄酮含量都表现增加. 相似文献
6.
以辽豆巧作感病对照,通过接种相同数量的卵并利用次氯酸钠一酸性品红染色法研究我国的优质杭源灰皮支黑豆对大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种侵染和发育的影响。结果表明,接种后杭感品种根内的二龄幼虫数量很接近,灰皮支黑豆根内的三龄幼虫数量高于辽豆巧,但四龄幼虫、雌成虫数量却低于辽豆15,雄成虫数量比较接近,即灰皮支黑豆对大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种的杭性不具有抗侵入的作用,而具有杭发育的作用。同时利用冰冻切片技术研究灰皮支黑豆和辽豆巧受大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种侵染后根部的组织病理学反应,初步明确灰皮支黑豆对大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种的组织结构杭性。 相似文献
7.
选择综合性状较好、脂肪含量23%以上的大豆品种与具有Peking、Hartwig抗线虫基因的抗线虫品种（系）,有性杂交。杂交后代的低世代,在大豆胞囊线虫病圃进行抗线虫鉴定、选择;高世代,进行大豆胞囊线虫病土盆栽鉴定及品质跟踪分析,定向选择。选育出庆农05-1028、05-1009、05-1071、07-1115、07-1568、08-2535等6个兼抗大豆胞囊线虫1、3号生理小种,脂肪含量22%以上的新的种质资源。该种质聚合了国内外抗线虫病、高脂肪、高产品种（系）的优良基因,遗传基础广泛,可做为大豆抗胞囊线虫兼高脂肪育种的亲本材料,这些品系将对推动大豆生产起到一定作用。 相似文献
8.
由大豆胞囊线虫(Soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, SCN)引起的病害是一种世界性大豆病害。随着强致病力大豆胞囊线虫群体X12的出现及LY1线虫群体的合成,国际通用的Riggs和HGtype2种大豆胞囊线虫生理小种鉴别模式已不能将4号生理小种、X12线虫群体、LY1线虫群体有效区分,本研究提供了一种区分这3个线虫群体的简易鉴定方法,为SCN相关研究提供技术支撑。包括以下步骤:利用感病品种在病土中繁殖备用接种的胞囊;用兴县灰皮支(ZDD2315)和PI567516C作为鉴别寄主, Lee为感病对照,接种鉴定;若兴县灰皮支和PI567516C均表现感病,表明该病土感染的是X12线虫群体;若兴县灰皮支表现抗病而PI567516C表现感病,表明该病土感染的是4号生理小种;若PI567516C表现抗病,表明该病土感染的是LY1线虫群体。以上结果表明,利用我国优异抗源兴县灰皮支和PI567516C作为鉴别寄主,能有效区分目前报道的具有强致病力的大豆胞囊线虫4号生理小种、X12和LY1线虫群体。本研究结果对筛选抗源、调查大豆胞囊线虫生理小种分布、线... 相似文献
9.
黄淮大豆主产区大豆胞囊线虫生理小种分布调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大豆胞囊线虫(SCN)在黄淮地区普遍发生,调查小种分布情况,确定优势小种对抗病育种有重要意义。2012-2015年,取样调查黄淮地区6个省份土样,利用Riggs模式鉴定生理小种,绘制黄淮地区SCN生理小种分布图,并与文献报道结果对比,探讨黄淮地区SCN生理小种类型及其分布规律。结果表明,该病害在黄淮大豆主产区均有分布,在采集受SCN感染的322份土样中,112份被鉴定出生理小种类型,包括1号、2号、3号、4号、5号、6号和11号小种。其中,57份为2号小种,占样本总体的50.9%;26份土样为5号小种,占23.2%;11份土样为4号小种,占9.8%,1号、3号、6号和11号小种分别占总体的4.5%、5.4%、4.5%和1.8%。依据不同生理小种在各省发生频率由高到低的顺序,河南分布5号、2号、3号、11号小种;河北分布2号、5号、6号、3号、4号小种;安徽分布2号、5号、6号、3号小种;山西分布2号、4号、5号、1号、3号、11号小种;山东分布2号、3号、5号、1号、6号小种;江苏分布2号、5号、1号小种。以上结果表明,2号小种是目前黄淮海地区的优势小种,其次是5号小种,致病力最强的4号小种主要分布在山西省。在黄淮海地区,抗线虫育种目标应以抗2号生理小种为主,兼抗5号小种,部分地区应以兼抗2号和4号小种为主。在黄淮地区3号、6号和11号小种是新发现的小种。与2001-2003年调查结果比较,黄淮海地区大豆胞囊线虫生理小种组成及分布有一定的改变。 相似文献
10.
影响大豆胞囊线虫生理小种鉴定因素探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大豆胞囊线虫(soybean cyst nematode,SCN)引起的病害能给大豆生产造成严重损失。探索影响大豆胞囊线虫(soybean cyst nematode,SCN)生理小种鉴定的因素对指导抗线育种工作具有重要意义。本研究以Lee68为材料,接种一定浓度的SCN4虫卵,在不同温度梯度的培养箱中培养,研究温度对大豆胞囊线虫生长的影响;以Riggs鉴定模式中的5个寄主为材料,接种一定浓度梯度的SCN2虫卵,研究接种浓度对鉴定结果的影响;从土壤相对含水量方面研究水分对大豆根系发育的影响。研究结果表明:在设定的温度梯度中,培养温度25℃/22℃(光/暗),Lee68上生长的胞囊数目最多,与其它几个温度培养条件相比,单株胞囊平均数达到差异显著水平,是胞囊生长最适宜温度;接种虫卵为1 200~24 000个/杯时,鉴定结果是正确的,超出这个接种范围,鉴定结果不稳定;一天浇水两次,浇水前/后土壤含水量为4%~7%/15%~18%,最有利于根系发育。本研究结果可为大豆胞囊线虫生理小种鉴定和抗线育种工作提供参考。 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
14.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
15.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
18.
W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
19.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
20.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献