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本文采用光镜与扫描电镜,对新疆天山高寒地区10种青藓科植物叶的微结构进行了研究,观察得出10种青藓科植物叶尖渐尖或为长毛尖,叶尖顶端细胞透明,短或狭长;叶片细胞壁加厚;导水细胞较大。植株的叶片干燥时,细胞壁的凹凸程度不同,表面具不同形状的纹饰及附属物,大多数种类的表面有小窝点分布,但这些微结构在青藓属（Brachythecium B.S.G.）、毛尖藓属（Cirriphyllum Grout.）、长喙藓属（Rhynchostegium B.S.G.）植物叶中均有明显差异。同属、不同属之间,由于生长环境不同,植物体叶也会呈现出不同的形态特征。这表明10种植物的微结构特征是与环境密切相关。 相似文献
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通过经典分类学方法,对采自新疆各地的185号真藓属植物标本进行了整理、鉴定,报道新疆新记录2种:毛状真藓(Bryum apiculatum Schwaegr.)与近高山真藓(Bryum paradoxum Schwaegr.)。重新确定了曾有文献记载,但未见现存标本因而未加入新疆苔藓植物名录的:狭网真藓(Bryum algovicum Sendt.ex C.Müll.)与红蒴真藓(Bryum atrovirens Brid.)。并对新记录种的识别特征、生境及其地理分布作了阐述。根据识别特征绘制了狭网真藓、红蒴真藓与近高山真藓的墨线图。 相似文献
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利用石蜡切片和电镜扫描技术,对乌鲁木齐河源区10种真藓属植物茎的结构做比较解剖学研究。结果表明:该属植物茎分为表皮、皮部、中轴3部分,表皮细胞小,细胞壁强烈加厚;皮部细胞壁由外向内逐渐变薄,细胞整齐或镶嵌排列;中轴所占面积较小,细胞壁角隅加厚。茎细胞壁上分布有不规则的小孔,相邻细胞的细胞壁厚,表面角质层纹饰多为鳞片状或颗粒状,这些可能是植物在长期恶劣环境下的生存策略,揭示了真藓属植物茎具有较强耐寒、耐旱结构的典型特征,虽然它们在外形和亲缘关系上均很接近,但每个种又各具不同的形态特征,为该属植物鉴定提供了分类学依据。 相似文献
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本文采用光镜与扫描电镜,对新疆天山高寒地区10种青藓科植物叶的微结构进行了研究,观察得出10种青藓科植物叶尖渐尖或为长毛尖,叶尖顶端细胞透明,短或狭长;叶片细胞壁加厚;导水细胞较大。植株的叶片干燥时,细胞壁的凹凸程度不同,表面具不同形状的纹饰及附属物,大多数种类的表面有小窝点分布,但这些微结构在青藓属(Brachythecium B.S.G.)、毛尖藓属(Cirriphyllum Grout.)、长喙藓属(Rhynchostegium B.S.G.)植物叶中均有明显差异。同属、不同属之间,由于生长环境不同,植物体叶也会呈现出不同的形态特征。这表明10种植物的微结构特征是与环境密切相关。 相似文献
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六种国产大帽藓属植物孢蒴表皮的观察 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对尖叶大帽藓，裂瓣大帽藓，高山大帽藓，西藏大藓，西伯利亚大帽藓「Ｅ．ｓｉｂｉｒｉｃａ９Ｗｅｉｎｍａｎ）Ｗａｒｎｓｔ．」剑叶大帽藓孢蒴表皮的观察表明：６种植物孢蒴表皮的气孔形态和分布，表皮细菌排列与细胞壁增厚的方式各有显著的区别特征，可以作为种间分类的依据，并据此编写了分种检索表。 相似文献
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基于标本和文献,对新疆丝瓜藓属（Pohlia Hedw.）进行全面修订,更正了此前部分标本的错误鉴定,将卵蒴丝瓜藓(Pohlia proligera)和糙枝丝瓜藓(P.camptotrachela)从本区名录中移除,将多态丝瓜藓(P.minor)归并为丝瓜藓多态变种(P.elongata var.greenii)的异名,新增新疆丝瓜藓属新纪录2种：拟长蒴丝瓜藓(P.longicollis)和小丝瓜藓狭叶变种(P.crudoides var.revolvens)。[WTBZ]现已知新疆丝瓜藓属有8种,2变种,种数约占全国的1/3。通过分析各个种的识别特征、与相近种的区别和生境,编制了新疆丝瓜藓属分种检索表。 相似文献
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Christopher D. Keating Lindy M. Holden-Dye Robert J. Walker 《Pest management science》1996,46(3):263-266
The neuropeptide AF2 has a complex set of actions on the dorsal muscle strip of Ascaris suum, including a potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. Caffeine at 100 μm and 5 mm inhibited this potentiation, as did 100 μm theophylline in two out of six studies. The cyclic-AMP-potentiating compounds IBMX, dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin had no effect on the AF2-induced potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. These preliminary data suggest that the potentiating action of AF2 is not mediated by a cAMP pathway. 相似文献
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Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere. 相似文献
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棉花黄萎病菌致病型的AFLP分析 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
选用41个棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)代表菌系,在温室条件下,对4个棉花品种鄂荆1号(感)、中棉所12(耐)、文-5(抗)和唐棉2号(抗)进行致病性测定,结果可将供试菌系分为落叶型与非落叶型2类。选取8对AFLP引物PCR扩增的结果中,统计带型稳定、清晰且有多态性的条带,共169条作系统聚类分析,将上述菌系分为2大类,第一类为非落叶型菌系,包括10个非落叶型菌系和1个过渡菌系;第二类为30个落叶型菌系。根据聚类分析建立树状图,发现菌系与地理来源存在一定的相关性,而依据菌系致病力强弱分类则相关关系不大。选用25对EcoRⅠ和MseⅠ引物组合,对供试的41个V.dahliae进行AFLP扩增,筛选到2对引物E64(GACTGCGTACCAATTCGAC)、M53(GATGAGTCCTGAGTAACCG)和E49(GACTGCGTACCAATTCCAG)、M65(GAT-GAGTCCTGAGTAAGAG),能分别扩增出433bp和110bp2条仅为V.dahliae非落叶型菌系独有的特异片段,可将落叶型与非落叶型菌系分开,这2条特异片段被命名为EM433和EM110。 相似文献
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调查了甘肃省临洮县为害百合的地下害虫种类, 并以主要发生为害种类为供试对象, 采用拌土法测定了几种生物（源）农药对主要害虫的室内毒力和致死中时。调查发现小云斑鳃金龟Polyphylla gracilicornis、棕色鳃金龟Holotrichia titanis为主要发生及为害种类, 不同时间发生种类存在差异, 9月份以小云斑鳃金龟幼虫发生为害为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的66.16%, 平均种群密度为10.48头/m2, 10月份, 则以棕色鳃金龟幼虫发生为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的96.86%, 平均种群密度为7.79头/m2, 主要取食百合根系和鳞茎, 造成根系数量减少, 鳞茎出现不规则褐色缺口或凹陷斑。药剂筛选结果表明, 1.8%阿维菌素乳油、200亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌粉剂对两种蛴螬均具有较高的杀虫活性和速效性, 药后7 d时, 校正死亡率在82.22%以上, 对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫和棕色鳃金龟幼虫的LC50分别为0.161、0.060 mg/g和5.558×107、0.362×107孢子/g, LT50分别为2.237 d（2.2 mg/g）、1.393 d（2.2 mg/g）和6.645 d（40.0×107孢子/g）、4.940 d（2.0×107孢子/g）, 这两种生物（源）农药对两种蛴螬的LC50和LT50值均略大于两种化学农药25%二嗪磷乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油处理的, 且对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性均低于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性, 致死中时则长于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的致死中时。 相似文献
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为了研究青稞种子外部和内部携带真菌情况,比较不同杀菌剂对青稞种子的带菌消毒效果和对幼苗生长的影响,为青稞种子播前包衣处理和种传真菌病害防控提供依据,采用离体平皿法对云南迪庆‘云青1号’、‘云青2号’和‘短白青稞’3个主栽品种进行带菌检测,并对种子进行拌种或浸种处理测定6种杀菌剂对种子消毒效果,分析杀菌剂对种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试青稞种子表面携带的优势菌群为青霉(Penicilliumspp.)、镰刀菌(Fusariumspp.);种子内部寄藏的真菌主要为镰刀菌、核腔菌(Pyrenophoraspp.)、附球菌(Epicoccumspp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)、链格孢(Alternariaspp.)和木霉(Trichoderma spp.)。青稞不同品种的种子表面及内部携带的真菌种类差异较大。致病性测定表明,镰刀菌对种子萌发和幼苗生长影响最大,后期出现幼苗坏死现象。45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP对青稞种子携带真菌均有显著抑制作用和消毒效果,50%福美双WP消毒效果最优,达100%;45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP处理对青稞种子发芽和幼苗生长均无显著影响。 相似文献
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The mode of action of the 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazoline acaricide/insecticide etoxazole has been argued to be moulting inhibition, but experimental results supporting this hypothesis are lacking. This study investigated the effect of etoxazole on chitin biosynthesis in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Etoxazole induced moulting defects in fall armyworm larvae similar, if not identical, to those caused by benzoylphenylureas, a well-known class of insecticidal chitin biosynthesis inhibitors. Furthermore, in contrast to untreated larvae, the chitin content in the integuments of larvae several days after treatment did not differ from that in freshly ecdysed individuals, thus suggesting strong chitin biosynthesis inhibition in vivo. A more detailed investigation of the inhibitory potential by incubating cultured integument pieces from larvae of S. frugiperda with [14C]N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, a radiolabelled chitin precursor, revealed I50 values of 2.95 and 0.071 microM for etoxazole and triflumuron respectively. The incorporation of radiolabel into potassium hydroxide-resistant material was inhibited by etoxazole in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these results, it is concluded that the acaricidal and insecticidal mode of action of etoxazole is chitin biosynthesis inhibition. 相似文献
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Sj J. Gerbrandy 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(5):269-276
The variability of dormancy of sclerotia of ten isolates ofSclerotium cepivorum was investigated. Of all isolates tested, the freshly harvested sclerotia were dormant. After drying for 48 hours the sclerotia of six isolates were able to germinate, two isolates stayed dormant and two isolates were infested by hyperparasitic fungi. After storage in soil at 5°C or 20°C, the sclerotia of the different isolates exhibited considerable differences in respect to germination capability, but all isolates showed highest germination after a treatment of 8 weeks at 20°C followed by 8 weeks at 5°C. The sclerotia of all isolates showed an increased capacity to germinate withoutAllium extracts at 10°C after pretreatment at 30°C for 28 days. 相似文献
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Zahida Iqbal Syuntaro Hiradate Akio Noda Sei-Ichi Isojima Yoshiharu Fujii 《Weed Biology and Management》2002,2(2):110-115
The allelopathic potential of buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum ) was investigated. Field study showed that living buckwheat reduced weed biomass compared with plots without buckwheat. Laboratory study revealed that root exudates suppressed root and shoot growth of weeds and reduced weed dry weight. Sequential partitioning of the aqueous ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of buckwheat showed that the chloroform extract caused an 80% reduction in radicle elongation of lettuce seedlings at a concentration of less than 100 p.p.m. Fagomine, 4-piperidone and 2-piperidinemethanol were isolated and identified by 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance from the chloroform extract. These compounds caused a 50% inhibition of radicle elongation in lettuce seedlings at concentrations of less than 100 p.p.m. These results suggest that compounds 1, 2, and 3 might act as allelochemicals and affect the growth or germination of different plant species. 相似文献