共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
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为了研究玉米秸秆青贮、玉米秸秆与桑叶青贮在体外的组合效应,试验将玉米秸秆青贮、玉米秸秆与桑叶青贮3种饲料以不同比例(分别为100∶0∶0、80∶10∶10、70∶10∶20、70∶20∶10、60∶10∶30、60∶20∶20、60∶30∶10、50∶10∶40、50∶20∶30、50∶30∶20、50∶40∶10、0∶100∶0、0∶0∶100)组合进行发酵(每个组合3次重复),检测不同组合的体外产气量、干物质降解率、氨态氮浓度、pH值和挥发性脂肪酸浓度并分析不同饲料组合的组合效应。结果表明：随着发酵时间的延长,各组合的产气量呈逐渐上升趋势,发酵第2,4小时,组合12(玉米秸秆比例为100%)产气量最高;发酵第8～72小时,组合13(桑叶青贮比例为100%)产气量最高。发酵第72小时,各组合产气量随着桑叶青贮比例的提高而增加,其中组合8(桑叶青贮比例为40%)产气量显著高于其他组合(除组合13外,P<0.05);不同饲料组合对干物质降解率和氨态氮浓度有明显影响,但对pH值影响不明显。当玉米秸秆青贮比例固定时,对应组合干物质降解率随着桑叶青贮比例的增加而增加,组合13的干物质消化... 相似文献
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试验旨在研究杂交狼尾草（hybrid Pennisetum）与不同牧草进行不同比例混合青贮的适宜组配方法。试验选取拉巴豆（Lablab purpureus）、籽粒苋（Amaranthus hypochondriacus）、甜高粱（Sorghum bicolor）为混合对象，按原料鲜重计，混合比例分别为80∶20、70∶30、60∶40。青贮45 d，对青贮料进行感官评价、营养成分分析、青贮发酵品质分析和kaiser评分。结果显示，杂交狼尾草与拉巴豆按80∶20和70∶30比例混合能够显著提高青贮料的粗蛋白（CP）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、水溶性碳水化合物（WSC）含量和相对饲喂价值（RFV）(P<0.05)。杂交狼尾草与甜高粱按70∶30比例混合能够显著降低乙酸和丁酸含量（P<0.05），提高青贮料发酵品质。杂交狼尾草与籽粒苋混合青贮组的pH值和乙酸含量升高，未能提升青贮料发酵品质。研究表明，杂交狼尾草与拉巴豆的适宜混合青贮比例为80∶20和70∶30，杂交狼尾草与甜高粱的适宜混合青贮比例为70∶30。 相似文献
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豆秸、花生秧和青贮玉米秸间的组合效应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究豆秸、花生秧和青贮玉米秸间的组合效应。试验将豆秸、花生秧和青贮玉米秸分别以0∶100、20∶80、40∶60、60∶40、80∶20、100∶0比例进行两两组合,利用体外瘤胃发酵技术,分析不同组合对产气量及产气参数、pH、氨态氮、菌体蛋白的影响,计算各组合的单项组合效应值和综合组合效应值,进而筛选各饲料组合的适宜比例。结果表明：豆秸-花生秧、豆秸-青贮玉米秸、花生秧-青贮玉米秸组合在产气参数上差异显著(P<0.05),豆秸-花生秧和豆秸-青贮玉米秸均以20∶80时各产气参数最优,花生秧-青贮玉米秸以60∶40时各产气参数为最优;各组合对体外瘤胃液pH影响差异不显著(P>0.05);不同组合的氨态氮浓度差异显著(P<0.05),在39~64 mg/dL变化;豆秸-花生秧和花生秧-青贮玉米秸的菌体蛋白浓度随花生秧比例增多而增多,豆秸-青贮玉米秸的菌体蛋白浓度在两者比例为20∶80时最高。以多项组合效应评定指数评定各组合效应,豆秸与花生秧、青贮玉米秸均以20∶80的比例较为适宜,花生秧与青贮玉米秸比例以60∶40时较为适宜,综合组合效应指数均达到最大。 相似文献
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为充分利用薏苡秸秆资源，增加饲料来源，本文研究了薏苡秸秆与杂交狼尾草不同比例混合青贮对发酵品质的影响。试验设置6个处理：薏苡秸秆单独青贮（Y100）、10%薏苡秸秆和90%杂交狼尾草（Y10Z90）、20%薏苡秸秆和80%杂交狼尾草（Y20Z80）、30%薏苡秸秆和70%杂交狼尾草（Y30Z70）、40%薏苡秸秆和60%杂交狼尾草（Y40Z60）、50%薏苡秸秆和50%杂交狼尾草（Y50Z50），青贮60 d后测定营养价值和发酵品质。结果表明：Y20Z80组的粗蛋白质、水溶性碳水化合物、乳酸含量最高，但是pH、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量最低，表明Y20Z80混合比例青贮饲料营养价值和发酵品质相对较好。因此，从秸秆最大化利用和饲料营养价值的角度考虑，以添加20%薏苡秸秆和杂交狼尾草混合青贮较为适宜。
[关键词] 薏苡秸秆|杂交狼尾草|混合青贮|发酵品质 相似文献
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西藏地区玉米与豌豆混合青贮发酵品质及体外降解效果的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验旨在研究西藏地区玉米与豌豆混合青贮发酵品质及体外降解效果,为西藏地区冬春季非粮饲料资源开发提供有效措施。以西藏地区种植的玉米和豌豆为原料,设置4个不同的混合青贮组：全株玉米:全株豌豆=4:1混合青贮组（Y80%W20%）、全株玉米:全株豌豆=3:2混合青贮组（Y60%W40%）、全株玉米:全株豌豆=2:3混合青贮组（Y40%W60%）、全株玉米:全株豌豆=1:4混合青贮组（Y20%W80%）。在青贮30 d后打开青贮窖取样,测定混合青贮饲料的干物质、pH、粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、挥发性脂肪酸、氨态氮和水溶性碳水化合物。利用牦牛瘤胃液对4组混合青贮饲料进行体外发酵,发酵结束后测定青贮饲料的干物质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维的降解率和pH,计算不同混合青贮饲料组的组合效应值。结果表明：随着混合青贮中豌豆比例的增加,干物质和酸性洗涤纤维含量没有显著差异,粗蛋白和pH显著升高,而乳酸、中性洗涤纤维、水溶性碳水化合物和氨态氮含量显著下降（P<0.05）。体外降解效果研究得到,Y60%W40%青贮组和Y40%W60%青贮组中干物质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的降解率高于Y80... 相似文献
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为评定发酵对玉米芯及玉米芯全混合饲料的营养成分、霉菌指数和感官品质的影响,本研究首先以纤维素酶和酿酒酵母作为发酵添加剂对玉米芯进行发酵处理,对比发酵玉米芯与未处理玉米芯的营养价值;然后以玉米芯为主要粗饲料配制精粗比分别为 20∶80、30∶70、40∶60 的 3 组全混合饲料,对 3 组全混合饲料进行纤维素酶和酿酒酵母发酵处理,研究不同精粗比玉米芯发酵全混合饲料发酵前后的营养成分变化。结果表明:发酵玉米芯与未处理玉米芯的各类营养成分无显著差异,但发酵玉米芯的粗蛋白质含量较未处理玉米芯有所上升(P>0.05),纤维含量较未处理玉米芯有所降低(P>0.05);经发酵后的 3组全混合饲料粗蛋白质、钙、磷含量均高于发酵前(P>0.05),精粗比为 20∶80 的全混合饲料发酵后磷含量上升 40%,而精粗比为 30∶70时粗蛋白质、钙含量分别上升 6.09%、32.53%。综上,不同精粗比全混合饲料发酵后营养成分提高效果不一致,但 3 组精粗比饲料均能提高玉米芯营养价值。 相似文献
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复合处理麦秸、青贮玉米秸和精料的组合及比例对奶牛体外瘤胃发酵的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文旨在研究复合处理麦秸、青贮玉米秸和精料的组合及比例对奶牛体外瘤胃发酵的影响。将复合处理麦秸、青贮玉米秸、精料两两组合,且每种组合均设6个组合比例(0∶100、20∶80、40∶60、60∶40、80∶20、100∶0),筛选出最优复合处理麦秸与青贮玉米秸比例后再与精料以这6个比例组合,每个组合3个重复。通过短期人工瘤胃技术测定体外瘤胃发酵参数的变化。结果表明:3种饲料的组合和比例对瘤胃液pH影响不显著(P>0.05),所有组合氨氮浓度均在正常范围内;综合考察微生物蛋白质(MCP)产量和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度,得出各组合中的最优比例分别为复合处理麦秸∶青贮玉米秸=40∶60、复合处理麦秸∶精料=60∶40、青贮玉米秸∶精料=60∶40以及最优复合处理麦秸与青贮玉米秸组合(40∶60)∶精料=80∶20。综上所述,复合处理麦秸、青贮玉米秸和精料最优的组合比例是32∶48∶20。 相似文献
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为了研究不同比例青贮苜蓿与青贮玉米混合饲草对小尾寒羊育肥效果的影响,筛选适宜的饲草搭配比例,以降低饲草成本,提高养殖效益,缓解饲草供需矛盾,笔者设置青贮苜蓿与青贮玉米质量比分别为1∶0、8∶2、6∶4、4∶6、2∶8、0∶1的6组混合饲草,开展青贮苜蓿饲喂小尾寒羊育肥效果试验。结果表明,青贮苜蓿和青贮玉米不同比例混合饲喂小尾寒羊可产生较好的育肥效果,但综合考虑采食量、体质量增加情况和经济效益分析结果,笔者认为E组是不同比例青贮苜蓿与青贮玉米混合饲草组合中的最好组合,饲草转化率,平均日增质量及经济效益分别为7.94%、0.2033 kg/d和41.19元/只,较单一饲喂青贮苜蓿分别提高8.77%、8.25%和36.42元/只,较单一饲喂青贮玉米分别提高23.1%、24.49%和33.1元/只,故青贮苜蓿与青贮玉米混合饲喂育肥小尾寒羊的最适宜质量比为2∶8。 相似文献
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《家畜生态学报》2017,(7)
为开发利用非常规饲料资源—葛藤和甘蔗梢,采用纤维素酶为添加剂,研究其对不同混合葛藤甘蔗梢混合青贮品质的影响。本试验调制了6种混合比例的葛藤甘蔗梢混合青贮。6种混合青贮是按葛藤:甘蔗梢(质量比)分别为100∶0(100K)、90∶10(9K1S)、80∶20(8K2S)、70∶30(7K3S)、60∶40(6K4S)和0∶100(100S)进行。每个比例均设对照组合添加5U/g纤维素酶处理组。每个处理5个重复,常温下贮存50d后开封,测定化学成分和发酵品质评定指标。结果表明,提高甘蔗梢的混合比例或添加纤维素酶处理均能提高葛藤甘蔗梢混合青贮料的品质,随着甘蔗梢的比例升高,青贮料的干物质、粗蛋白、pH和氨态氮含量呈下降趋势,中性洗涤纤维、半纤维素和乳酸含量呈升高趋势。无添加剂处理时6K4S比例青贮效果较好,添加纤维素酶处理后,可降低甘蔗梢的混合比例,即8K2S和7K3S青贮料的营养价值和发酵品质较好。 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
19.
Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献