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1.
Failures in the establishment of chromosomal, gonadal and phenotypic sex can cause intersexuality in dogs. Thus, diagnosis of chimaerism, mosaicism, sex reversal syndrome, and male or female pseudohermaphroditism in intersex individuals has to be based on the inspection of the chromosomes, gonads and the phenotypic appearance of the reproductive organs. In a study over two years, seven dogs of different breeds suspected to be intersexes were cytogenetically investigated. A sry-negative XX-sex reversal syndrome was diagnosed in a Jack Russel Terrier. In a mixbred dog a persistent Mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS) was found and a Border Terrier Dog showed an XX/XY chromosomal chimaerism. In further four dogs of different breeds, a female constitution of sex chromosomes was seen. As a sign of intersexuality each of these dog showed an enlarged clitoris. A differentiation between XX-sex reversal syndrome and female pseudohermaphroditism was not possible because there was no information on the internal genital tract and gonads available. 相似文献
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A Torres JF Silva N Bernardes J Sales Luís L Lopes da Costa 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(3):e33-e37
Here is reported a disorder of sex development found in the Portuguese Lusitano horse breed. The complex genital phenotype included mammary glands, abdominal testes without epididymis, connected through oviducts to pelvic hypoplastic uterine horns and fused vulvar labia majora from which protruded ventrally a penis‐like structure. This structure was presented in a reversed position, the urethral opening placed dorsally in the glans. However, it was functional both for micturition and erection. The horse exhibited female micturition posture and aggressive male‐like behaviour, including flehmen, mounting, thrusting and flagging of the tail. Plasma testosterone concentrations were below detection limits and the genetic evaluation revealed a 64, XX, SRY‐negative karyotype. Surgery consisted in the removal of abdominal gonads followed by amputation of the penis and repositioning of the urethra. This case of reversion between the chromosomal and gonadal sex, associated with mixed anatomical and behavioural phenotype, illustrates that development of the testes may occur in the absence of the SRY gene and that other genetic and cellular pathways leading to gonad differentiation should be investigated. 相似文献
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AP Del Carro E Rosset A Josson‐Schramme V Lambert S Buff 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(5):E48-E52
An eight‐month‐old female dog presented with ambiguous external genitalia. A thorough clinical examination together with various imaging techniques and a histology examination showed the presence of two testicles linked to both the Mullerian and Wolffian ducts. The discovery of the 78,XX SRY‐negative karyotype led to the diagnosis of incoherence between the chromosomal and gonadal sex, which is typical for a 78,XX testicular disorder of sex development. Our case was unique because the testicles were still located in their normal scrotal position, whereas the literature contains reports of the presence of cryptorchid testicles in this karyotype setting. To our knowledge, this is the first case that describes an SRY‐negative 78,XX testicular disorder of sex development with bilateral scrotal testicles. 相似文献
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A Rota A Starvaggi Cucuzza S Iussich L DeLorenzi P Parma 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(4):743-745
A case of intersexuality in a Pug that was bought as a male in a pet shop is described. The dog was presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Turin, for a reddish mass protruding from the prepuce. The mass had the aspect of an enlarged clitoris, with a caudoventral direction and a dorsal urethral ostium. A gonad was palpable in the left inguinal region. Laparotomy confirmed ultrasound detection of an abdominal uterine structure together with the right gonad. The histology of both gonads was similar, showing an exclusively masculine character, with seminiferous tubules lined only by Sertoli cells; the uterus showed a normal histological structure. Karyological analysis revealed a female karyotype (78,XX), and polymerase chain reaction showed the absence of Sry. The diagnosis was an XX male. The pathogenesis of the XX sex reversal syndrome in dogs is not completely understood, as Sry, the master gene regulating testis differentiation, is not present; to date, no genetic cause has been identified for this phenotypic condition in dogs. This case is unusual because the dog showed an inguinal testis, implying a partial activity of the mechanisms leading to abdominal testis translocation along a gubernaculum and transinguinal migration. 相似文献
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Herndon AM Casal ML Jaques JT 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2012,48(2):118-124
This case describes the presentation and management of an 8 yr old phenotypically female intersex male dog presented for evaluation of a mass in the right inguinal region. The right inguinal space was surgically explored, and a large irregular mass resembling a fully developed testicle was identified in the right vaginal tunic. A second mass resembling an atrophied, but anatomically mature testicle, was identified in the left tunic. The larger mass was identified as a Sertoli cell tumor that had replaced all normal testicular tissue. The smaller mass was identified as a testicle that contained a small intratubular seminoma. The patient was diagnosed as having a phenotypic female sex, chromosomal male sex, and a gonadal male sex. Hormone assays completed before and after the gonadectomy and mass removal document an elevation of circulating progesterone presurgically that returned to baseline by 1 mo postsurgically. The source of the progesterone was identified to be the Leydig cells of the atrophied testicle. 相似文献
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芳香化酶抑制剂Fadrozole能诱导雌性鸡胚雄性化,而不影响出生时雄性鸡胚的性别,但Fadrozole是否影响公鸡出雏后的生长发育和繁殖能力尚不清楚。在性别分化前(E3.0),向农大3号矮小商品代鸡胚注入PBS和不同剂量的Fadrozole(0.、10.3、0.5、1.0mg和1.3mg分别为1F、F2、F3、F4和F5),以出雏后的公鸡作为试验材料,探索Fadrozole对出雏后公鸡的生长发育、精清中的性激素和生长轴激素的影响。结果表明:高剂量组F4和F5分别为33.33%和13.33%,出雏率显著低于对照组P(<0.05),而低剂量组F1、F2和F3与对照组相比,出雏率无显著变化(P>0.05);各剂量Fadrozole处理组和对照组的体重和胫长在8周龄和20周龄时无显著差异P(>0.05);性成熟后(30周龄),F5精清中的睾酮(T)和雌二醇(E2)显著高于对照组和其他各处理组(P<0.05),但ln(T/E2)在各处理组和对照组差异均不显著(P>0.05);本试验说明Fadrozole不影响雄性胚胎的性腺分化,但高浓度的Fadrozole不利于鸡胚的发育;Fadrozole不影响出生后公鸡的生长发育、精清中的生长轴激素激分泌和精清中睾酮与雌二醇的比值。 相似文献
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Bannasch D Rinaldo C Millon L Latson K Spangler T Hubberty S Galuppo L Lowenstine L 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2007,173(2):437-439
A female American saddlebred horse was presented for surgical correction of a possible pseudohermaphrodite condition. The horse had abnormal external genitalia and exhibited stallion-like behaviour. No evidence of uterine or ovarian tissue was identified on laparoscopic examination, but hypoplastic testicular-like tissue was removed, although this was found to contain no spermatogonia upon histopathological examination. A karyotype was performed and showed the normal chromosomal complement for a female horse (64,XX). Polymerase chain reaction to detect the SRY gene was negative in peripheral blood as well as the testicular-like tissue. This case represents the first report of an SRY negative XX-male sex reversal intersex phenotype, which is a potentially inherited condition, in an American saddlebred horse. 相似文献
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B G Crabbe D A Freeman B D Grant P Kennedy L Whitlatch K MacRae 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1992,200(11):1689-1691
Testicular feminization syndrome was diagnosed in a mare with aggressive, stallion like behavior and a history of infertility. She was found to have a high baseline testosterone concentration suggesting that testicular tissue was present, and ovarian-like structures examined by use of transrectal ultrasonography had the appearance typical of testicular tissue. Although her external female genitalia appeared normal, her vagina ended in a blind sac, and no cervix or uterus were identified. Surgery was performed, and structures removed from the abdominal cavity were determined to be hypoplastic testicles. Removal of the testicular tissue resulted in complete resolution of her aggressive behavior. Chromosomal evaluation revealed that the mare had 64X,Y (normal male) karyotype. Testicular feminization syndrome is a condition characterized by insensitivity of reproductive tissues to androgens during development because of an abnormality in androgen receptors. This androgen insensitivity results in development of normal external female genitalia, with high testosterone concentrations being released from developing testicles. Testicular feminization syndrome has not been commonly diagnosed in horses, but should be considered as a differential diagnosis for overly aggressive mares with a history of infertility. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究胚胎期大鼠性腺生长与分化的情况。选取12.5~15.5 dpc SD大鼠胚胎为研究对象,运用PCR技术进行大鼠胚胎性别鉴定,采用H-E技术对大鼠性腺分化形态进行观察。结果表明:12.5 d的鼠胚肾管已经开始形成,生殖嵴已经建立,此时仍无明显的性别分化形态;13.5 d的鼠胚开始出现性别分化的迹象,雄性的原始性索开始形成,雌性性腺分化比雄性稍晚,此期仍不易辨别出典型的卵巢特征结构;14.5 d的鼠胚性腺形态初步成型,此期性别明显分化,雄性的原始性索开始分化为实心原始生精小管,雌性胚胎中性腺分为两层,初步形成卵巢特征;15.5 d的鼠胚,雄性胚胎性腺中已经具有明显的曲精小管的雏形,雌性胚胎卵巢特征也开始明显。大鼠胚胎性腺从13.5 d胚龄时开始分化,15.5 d胚龄性腺特征明显。 相似文献
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In this study, the annual cycle of the gonadal steroids testosterone (T), 11‐ketotestosterone (11‐KT), 17β‐oestradiol (E2) and 17α, 20β‐dihydroxy‐4‐pregnen‐3‐one (DHP) was determined using radioimmunoassay and then compared, for XY males (n = 35) and sex‐reversed XX males (n = 27) rainbow trout, to establish possible endocrinology differences. Both in XY males and sex‐reversed XX males, significant correlation was shown between body weight and T (r = 0.5046 and 0.34078, respectively; p < 0.0001) or KT (r = 0.52494 and 0.43545, respectively; p < 0.0001) concentrations. Plasma androgen levels in XY and sex‐reversed XX males were similar and showed an intense seasonal variation. The highest levels for T and 11‐KT were detected from December to April with a peak in January (51.67 ± 5.11 and 61.95 ± 4.25 ng/ml, for XY males and 57.1 ± 5.82 and 59.27 ± 4.84 ng/ml, respectively, for XX males). In addition, there was a positive correlation (p < 0.0001) between T and 11‐KT levels for XY males (r = 0.7533) and sex‐reversed XX males (r = 0.6019). Concentrations of DHP in XY males also showed seasonal variation with a peak in February (25.18 ± 12.99 ng/ml). However, DHP levels in sex‐reversed XX males were undetectable (<0.1 ng/ml) over the year. Levels of E2 were undetectable through the year in both groups of trout. In conclusion, the androgenic and oestrogenic profiles of sex‐reversed XX males were similar to those observed in XY males. The only difference in the annual gonadal steroid cycle between XY and sex‐reversed XX males was in the DHP profile. 相似文献
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试验旨在研究FOXL2基因对鸡胚性腺分化的影响。本试验分为试验1组、试验2组和空白对照组（鸡胚数量分别为260、100、20枚），试验组通过胚盘下腔注射的方法分别将pLV-FOXL2慢病毒重组质粒、pLV空质粒注入胚胎期第2天的鸡胚，空白对照组不做处理并与试验组一起孵化至出雏，利用CHD1基因遗传性别鉴定的方法对出雏的雏鸡进行性别检测，分析其性腺解剖学、组织学结构变化，并利用免疫组化的方法检测性腺FOXL2和CYP19A1蛋白表达量。结果显示，试验1组遗传性别为公的23只，遗传性别为母的18只，表型性别为公的21只，表型性别为母的18只，其中有2只表型性别不典型，左侧性腺发生变化，朝卵巢结构转变；试验2组遗传性别为公的9只，遗传性别为母的12只，表型性别与遗传性别一致。阳性PCR检测结果显示，试验1组获得阳性个体10个，阳性率为24.4%（10/41）；试验2组获得阳性个体8个，阳性率为38.1%（8/21）。性腺解剖学结果显示，阳性pLV-FOXL2雄性鸡胚左侧性腺体积明显大于右侧性腺，表现膨松状态；组织切片结果显示，雄性鸡胚性腺具有典型的卵巢皮质层和髓质层结构；阳性pLV-FOXL2雌性鸡胚性腺的发育无明显变化。免疫组化结果显示，FOXL2和CYP19A1蛋白在试验1组左右侧睾丸中的表达量与空白对照组母鸡卵巢中的表达量相似，显著高于试验2组（P<0.05）。以上结果表明，FOXL2基因可能促进鸡雄性性腺的性反转，在鸡性腺分化和发育过程中发挥着重要的作用。 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of FOXL2 gene on gonadal differentiation in chicken embryos.This test was divided into the experiment groups 1,2 and blank control group(chicken embryos were 260,100 and 20,respectively).In the experimental group,pLV-FOXL2 lentivirus recombinant plasmids and pLV empty plasmids were injected into the chicken embryo on the second day of the embryonic stage by subpaneoidal injection.The blank control group was not treated and incubated with the experimental groups until the chick was hatched.CHD1 gene genetic sex identification method was used to detect the sex of chicks,the changes of gonadal anatomy and histological structure were analyzed,and the expression levels of FOXL2 and CYP19A1 proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry.The results showed that in the experiment group 1,there were 23 male and 18 female of genetic sex,21 male and 18 female of phenotypic sex,and two of them had atypical phenotypic gender,with changes in the left gonadal gland toward ovarian structure.The phenotypic sex was consistent with the genetic sex in experiment group 2,with 9 male and 12 female.Positive PCR results showed that 10 positive individuals were obtained in the experiment group 1,with a positive rate of 24.4% (10/41),and 8 positive individuals were obtained in the experiment group 2,with a positive rate of 38.1% (8/21).The anatomical structure of the gonad showed that the volume of the left gonad was significantly larger than that of the right gonad in the positive plV-FOXL2 male embryos.The results of tissue sections showed that the gonad of male chicken embryo had typical structure of ovarian cortex and medulla.There was no significant change in the development of gonad in female embryos with positive pLV-FOXL2.Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression levels of FOXL2 and CYP19A1 proteins in the left and right testicle of experiment group 1 were similar to that in the hen ovary of the blank control group,and were significantly higher than that in experiment group 2 (P<0.05).These results suggested that FOXL2 gene might promote the sexual inversion of chicken gonads and played an important role in the differentiation and development of chicken gonads. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to determine steroid hormone concentration profiles in healthy intact and neutered male and female dogs. Seventeen intact female dogs, 20 intact male dogs, 30 spayed female dogs, and 30 castrated male dogs were used in this study. Serum samples were collected before and 1h after cosyntropin administration, and serum concentrations were determined for cortisol, progesterone, 17-OH progesterone (17-OHP), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), androstenedione, testosterone, and estradiol. Intact male dogs had greater concentrations of DHEAS, androstenedione, and testosterone. Intact female dogs had greater concentrations of progesterone. There was no significant difference in estradiol concentration among the four groups. Intact male dogs had lower concentrations of cortisol post-stimulation. DHEAS and testosterone did not increase in response to ACTH in intact males, and estradiol concentrations did not increase in response to ACTH in any group. Results from this study will enhance interpretation of suspected adrenal and/or gonadal disorders of dogs. Because estradiol concentrations were similar in all groups of dogs, measuring estradiol may not be a useful diagnostic test. Cortisol concentrations for intact male dogs with hyperadrenocorticism may be lower than those of female or neutered dogs. 相似文献
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In this study, the annual cycle of the gonadal steroids testosterone (T), 11‐ketotestosterone (11‐KT), 17β‐estradiol (E2) and 17α, 20β‐dihydroxy‐4‐pregnen‐3‐one (DHP) was determined using radioimmunoassay and then compared for two populations of rainbow trout, XX diploid females (n = 40) and XXX triploid females (n = 15). In females, E2 and DHP levels were found to be significantly related to body weight (r = 0.22513; p < 0.0001 and r = 0.15831; p > 0.001, respectively). In this group, E2 concentrations peaked in November (25.05 ng /ml), while maximum DHP levels, only measurable from October to April, were attained in February (64.14 ng /ml). No significant differences in hormone ranges related to egg output ability were observed. Finally, sex steroid concentrations were low in the triploid female XXX fish compared to the female XX population. Nevertheless, maximum T (33.85 ng /ml) and 11‐KT (32.35 ng /ml) levels were recorded in January, for XXX. The levels for these two hormones are relatively high and are also significantly associated (r = 0.8430; p < 0.0001). Diploid females showed significantly higher levels of E2 than triploids over the 12‐month study period. The female triploid fish produced the lowest steroid hormone levels, such that these would be the most suitable for human consumption. 相似文献
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Silversides DW Benoit JM Collard F Gilson C 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2011,52(6):670-672
A female French bulldog was presented with an enlarged clitoris. Abdominal surgery revealed a normal uterus and gonads resembling testes. Histologically, the gonads contained seminiferous tubules. The karyotype was XX, and the SRY gene was not detected. A diagnosis of XX male, SRY negative disorder of sexual development was made. 相似文献
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Effect of gonadal hormones on the plasma clearance and metabolite formation of antipyrine in the dwarf goat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
R. F. WITKAMP S. M. NIJMEIJER H.J. KOLKER J. NOORDHOEK A.S.J.P. A. M. VAN MIERT 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1993,16(2):164-173
The effect of gonadal hormones on the plasma elimination and urinary metabolite profile of antipyrine was studied in dwarf goats. Female goats were treated with testosterone and male goats were treated with 17β-oestradiol. Castrated males were treated with either testosterone or 17β-oestradiol. Antipyrine (25 mg/kg, i.v.) was given both before and after the hormonal treatments. The effects of the hormonal status on the plasma elimination of the parent compound were not consistent. This was possibly due to the fact that formation of the main metabolite of antipyrine in the goat, 4-hydroxy antipyrine (OHA), was not affected by sex or hormonal treatment. On the other hand, there were clear effects of hormonal status on urinary excretion of the three other metabolites. In females and castrated males testosterone suppressed the formation of norantipyrine (NORA), 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine (HMA) and 4,4'-dihydroxyantipyrine (DOHA). Intact males produced smaller amounts of these metabolites than females. It is concluded that distinct xenobiotic metabolizing pathways exist in the dwarf goat, which are influenced in their activity by gonadal hormones. This confirms previous findings in rats and mice. The possibility that sex hormones influence drug metabolism in food-producing animals could have consequences for veterinary therapeutics and public health. This study also demonstrates that, when using the antipyrine test for the assessment of hepatic drug metabolism, it is very important to include the determination of metabolites. 相似文献
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M M Sommer V N Meyers-Wallen 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1991,198(3):435-438
XX True hermaphroditism was identified in a 5-month-old German Shorthaired Pointer with a large clitoris. The gonads were situated caudal to the kidneys at the cranial tips of the uterine horns, and were composed mainly of seminiferous tubules and interstitial cells and had ovarian follicles in the cortices. Each gonad had efferent tubules, a pampiniform plexus, fimbriae, and a uterine tube. The uterus was positioned normally in the abdomen and had no gross or histologic abnormalities. Giemsa-banded karyotypes revealed a normal female 78,XX chromosomal complement with no structural abnormalities. 相似文献
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A case of intersexuality in a Dorset horn ewe is described. Although possessing female external genitalia this animal had a male internal reproductive tract with inguinal testes, epididymes, vasa deferentia and seminal vesicles. No traces of cervix or uterus were present and the vagina was represented in its caudal part only. Chromosomal studies revealed chimaerism in peripheral leucocytes of the type 54, XX/54, XY, while other tissues revealed the normal female karyotype 54, XX. The ewe was born in a set of triplets with one dead male fetus and one living male. It was therefore concluded that the animal was a freemartin. The significance of this case and of the phenomenon of freemartisism in sheep is discussed. 相似文献