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1.
本研究在土壤有机质２％左右地力水平进行。六年定位试验（１９８７－１９９２）分别种植小麦，玉米（一年两熟），棉花（一年一熟），棉粮倒茬（棉花→小麦，玉米）。粮棉倒茬（小麦，玉米→棉花）四个处理。重点分析了土壤理化性状的消长特点。结果表明：耕层土壤容重棉田小干粮田，棉田倒茬粮田或粮田倒茬棉田，容重变小；表层０－１０ｃｍ土壤有机质：粮田高于棉田，耦层土壤氮素供应强度，土壤有效磷，有效钾含量棉花高于粮田。 相似文献
2.
不同种植模式棉田土壤温度的时空变化特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
【目的】土壤温度影响着作物的生化过程,了解不同种植模式棉田土壤温度的时空分布特征对探究如何提高不同种植模式下的棉花生产潜力非常重要。【方法】对不同种植模式:单作棉花(MC)、麦套棉花(WIC)、麦后棉花(WDC)农田10―110 cm土层温度进行连续实时监测,并调查棉花的生育进程和各农艺性状。【结果】在5月下旬麦棉共生期,单作棉花的平均土壤温度比两熟棉田土壤温度高1～3℃。7月初,在10―40 cm土层两熟棉花土壤温度大于单作棉花土壤温度,40―110 cm正好相反。8月上旬,各种植模式棉花土壤温度差异缩小,单作棉花土壤温度稍低于两熟棉花的土壤温度。在9月中旬,两熟棉花的土壤温度低于单作棉花的土壤温度。土壤温度主要影响棉花出苗到现蕾和开花到吐絮期的持续时间,对现蕾到开花的持续时间影响不明显。土壤平均温度越高,该生育时期的持续时间越短。同一时期两熟棉花土壤温度的日最低温出现的时间要比单作棉花早1 h左右,而日最高温出现的时间基本一致。不同种植模式不同土层的土壤积温与生物量拟合呈显著的线性关系。【结论】优化管理措施,如通过控制灌溉的时间和量来缓解土壤温度对棉花生长的影响,提高苗期和开花到吐絮期的土壤积温对两熟棉花出苗和吐絮都是有益的。本文以期为不同种植模式的合理配置与管理提供理论依据。 相似文献
3.
黄淮海棉区棉麦两熟光能流与物质流研究 Ⅲ 麦棉共生期复合群体作物层温度分布与总积温 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
田间试验于１９９４／１９９５、１９９５／１９９６年采用满播小麦、一熟棉花和麦棉两熟不同配置方式４种处理研究了共生期麦棉复合群体作物层温度分布和总积温。结果表明，不同熟制、麦棉复合群体不同配置方式作物层温度垂直和水平方向廓线不同。与一熟棉花相比，共生期５２ｄ不同群体近地面作物层日平均温度２ａ显著低，依次是：满播小麦低７．２和４．６℃ｄ－１、３—１式麦带低５．６和４．１℃ｄ－１、４—２式麦带低５．５和３．４℃ｄ－１、３—１式棉带低２．９和２．９℃ｄ－１，４—２式棉带南行低２．８和２．４℃ｄ－１、４—２式棉带北行低２．６和１．６℃ｄ－１；共生期５２ｄ近地面作物层≥１５℃积温亏缺顺序是：满播小麦群体（－３７２．９和－２４１．２℃·ｄ）＞３—１式配置（－２３１．５和－１８４．６℃·ｄ）＞４—２式配置（－１８９．２和－１２８．７℃·ｄ）。不同复合群体温度日较差大小的顺序是：一熟地（２０．６℃ｄ－１）＞４—２式北行（１９．６℃ｄ－１）＞４—２式南行（１９．１℃ｄ－１）＞３—１式（１７．９℃ｄ－１）。共生期间温度日较差达到２０℃，有利于棉花培育早壮苗，唯４－２式棉带北行棉花趋于一熟棉花。本研究揭示出麦棉复合群体的低热量胁迫 相似文献
4.
棉麦两熟棉苗根系生长特性与地上部生长的关系 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
根系是作物活跃的吸收器官和合成器官 ,根量、根系生理活性与地上部叶片光合作用、生长发育密切相关 ,用 TTC还原强度、根系吸收面积在一定程度上可表示根系的生理活性。棉花是直根系作物 ,种植制度对其根系影响较大 ,有关一熟棉根系的生理特性及栽培措施对根系生长与产量形成的影响 ,已有报道。在棉麦两熟栽培条件下 ,受共生期遮荫的影响 ,棉苗根系生长、根系生理活性等都发生变化。关于棉麦共生期遮荫对棉苗生长发育的影响 ,以前多重视地上部的研究 ,对根系生长的研究较少且很不系统。本研究针对棉麦共生期遮荫这一关键因子 ,旨在理清黄… 相似文献
5.
麦棉两熟种植系统棉田土壤速效磷时空分布特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
【目的】以豫北不同麦棉种植方式为研究对象,探索在生育期内土壤速效磷(Available phosphorus, AP)的时空分布特征。【方法】在棉花单作、麦棉3-1式套作(3-1)、麦棉6-2式套作(6-2)3种种植方式的长期定位试验田中,分别在麦棉共生期、棉花生长关键时期采用空间网格取样法取样,地统计学方法进行计算,分析在3种种植方式下的AP的时空分布特征。【结果】种植方式对于土壤AP含量的影响在不同的生长时期呈现出不同的趋势,具体表现为:在麦棉共生期,棉花单作下的AP含量显著高于3-1式20.98%(5月12日)和24.26%(6月7日);小麦收获后,棉花生长中期(7月3日、8月4日),3种种植方式间其含量差异不明显;棉花生长后期,其含量为:棉花单作6-2式3-1式。在3种种植模式下,随着土壤深度的增加,土壤AP含量均呈现明显的降低趋势;AP在水平方向上的分布明显地受到了小麦、棉花种植位置的影响,且在不同时期下分布趋势不同。半方差函数显示,AP在3种种植方式下、垂直方向的空间依赖性均较强,模型拟合R~2均接近于1,C_0/C+C_0均小于25%,说明在本研究取样尺度下,种植模式对其垂直方向的空间结构影响不明显。【结论】麦棉两熟种植改变了上层土壤AP的时空分布情况,但在本研究取样尺度下对其垂直方向的空间异质性无影响。运用空间网格取样法取样,地统计学原理进行分析,可以更加直观地了解不同麦棉种植模式下土壤AP的时空变化情况,可以为麦棉两熟种植田间管理提供相应指导,对两熟种植下农田生态系统的土壤养分研究提供理论支撑。 相似文献
6.
7.
１９９２～１９９４年针对黄淮海棉区棉麦两熟套种棉花迟发晚熟进行不同配置方式的田间试验研究。结果表明，不同配置方式棉行光分布型不同，宽窄行配置方式棉行光分布呈宽的“凸”字型，等行配置方式棉行光分布呈偏而窄的“凸”字型。共生期间棉茬小麦正处在生长发育旺盛期，丰产小麦株高从５５ｃｍ增加到８５ｃｍ，旗叶和旗下２叶披出宽度达到２０ｃｍ，单位面积株数、单株叶面积和叶面积系数均达到最大并随后逐渐消减，４种配置方式全共生期棉行日总受光量仅为４６．６％±１３．２％，棉花受光量仅为５３．９％±７．６％，光合有效辐射预留棉行为４０８．２８±１１５．５３μｍｏｌｍ－２ｄ－１，棉花为４７３．５９±６６．８５μｍｏｌｍ－２ｄ－１，分别比一熟棉田减弱５３．４％±１３．２％和４６．１％±７．６％。这些结果说明，套种棉花共生期光热资源严重不足是客观存在的，但处理间存在明显的差异。棉茬小麦选择东西行向，推广垄作和选用矮秆小麦品种，采用标准３─２式或４─２式配置方式有利于共生期预留棉行获得较多的光热资源，促进棉花早发。 相似文献
8.
9.
单作棉和3-2式麦棉生态系统作物共生期的光温特点 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
种植模式影响到农作物生存的微环境,3-2式麦棉套种模式在小麦与棉花共生期间,由于小麦的遮挡作用,使得棉田土壤接受的太阳辐射减少,土壤温度低,且单作与套作种植模式的光合有效辐射(PAR)和土壤温度具有各自的时空变化,在麦棉复合种植模式中,地上10cm的PAR是:棉行间>棉行上>麦棉间>麦行上;而单作棉模式是:棉行间>棉行上。两种种植模式土壤温度也存在差异,在空间上存在垂直分异和水平分异,在时间上存在时间分异。土层深度是影响土壤温度另一个重要因子。上层土壤温度在一天的不同时段上差异比较明显。40cm的土壤温度波动很小,60cm处的土壤温度基本上平稳。 相似文献
10.
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
14.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
15.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
16.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
17.
Mohammed Riyazaddin Polavarapu B. Kavi Kishor Are Ashok Kumar Belum V. S. Reddy Rajendra S. Munghate Hari C. Sharma 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(4):423-436
Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums. 相似文献
18.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
19.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
20.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献