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1.
鸡静注,肌注及内服氟哌酸的药物动力学研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
选用４２只健康ＡＡ鸡，分３组（每组１４只）进行药物动力学研究：静注、肌注及内服的剂量均为１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ。用二氯甲烷提取血浆中的药物，反相高效液相色谱法测定血浆氟哌酸的浓度，测定时以吡哌酸为内标。所得药物一时间数据用ＭＣＰＫＰ计算机程序处理，静注给药拟合二室开放模型，主要动力学参数是：ｔ１／２α０．１４±０．０８ｈ，ｔ１／２β３．６５±１．０３ｈ，Ｋｅ０．８８±０．４０ｈ－１，Ｖｄ３．８１±０．９８Ｌ／ｋｇ，ＡＵＣ１４．１４±３．２９μｇ／ｍｌ．ｈ。内服和肌注给药均适合具有一级吸收二室开放模型，肌注的主要动力学参数是：ｔ１／２ｋａ０．２２±０．１０ｈ，ｔ１／２α１．０３±０．６５ｈ，ｔ１／２β６．８７±２．８６ｈ，Ｋｅ０．２８±０．１０ｈ－１，ＡＵＣ９．８６±２．８８μｇ／ｍｌ．ｈ，Ｆ６９．７８％。内服的主要动力学参数是：ｔ１／２ｋａ０．６９±０．２３ｈ，ｔ１／２α１．７６±０．８９ｈ，ｔ１／２β１０．４３±３．２２ｈ，Ｋｅ０．２１±０．０５ｈ－１，ＡＵＣ８．５６±１．３６μｇ／ｍｌ．ｈ，Ｆ６０．５２％。鸡静注、肌注、内服氟哌酸的药动学特征是吸收较快，在体内分布广泛、半衰期较长。 相似文献
2.
喹乙醇在鸡体内的毒物动力学及其生化毒性和病理学研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文对１３只健康ＡＡ鸡单次内服喹乙醇中毒剂量（１２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）作了毒物动力学分析。用乙腈—乙酸乙酯混合溶剂提取血浆中的喹乙醇,反相高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ法）测定浓度。喹乙醇内服给药的药时数据适合一级吸收二室开放模型。毒物动力学主要参数为：ｔ１／２Ｋａ０．６３±０．２６ｈ,ｔ１／２α１．１２±０．３４ｈ,ｔ１／２β７．２６±３．０２ｈ,Ｋｅ０．５９±０．１５ｈ－１,Ｔｍａｘ１．１９±０．３１ｈ,Ｃｍａｘ７１．４０±１２．８１μｇ／ｍｌ,ＡＵＣ２５８．１２±３６．１１ｍｇ／Ｌ．ｈ。本试验表明,内服中毒剂量的喹乙醇在ＡＡ鸡体内的吸收、分布均很迅速,但消除缓慢;给药后２４ｈ,血药浓度均高于０．２μｇ／ｍｌ 相似文献
3.
采用低硒日粮（０．０２１μｇ／ｇ）饲喂１日龄蛋用雏鸡至１２～１４日龄（血硒降至０．０２３２±０．０１１０μｇ／ｍｌ），按单剂量０．５２６ｍｇ／ｋｇＢＷ口服亚硒酸钠后不同时间点采集血样，用荧光分光光度法测定血硒浓度。应用ＭＣＰＫＰ药动学程序自动拟合处理血硒浓度——时间数据并求出药动学参数。血硒浓度－时间曲线符合一室开放模型，最佳药时方程为：Ｃｉ＝０．０９５９０（ｅ－０．００６１９ｔ－ｅ－０．０９４１０ｔ）。主要药动学参数：ｔ１２Ｋａ为２．０３ｈ，ｔ１２Ｋ为１１２．０２ｈ，ｔｐ为１１．９８ｈ，Ｃｍａｘ为０．０８７３８μｇ／ｍｌ，ＡＵＣ为１５．２１１ｍｇ／ｌ·ｈ。根据单剂量药动学参数，计算出多剂量给药参数：τ为１２０ｈ，Ｃ为０．１２６７６μｇ／ｍｌ，Ｄ＊为０．７０８１ｍｇ／ｋｇＢＷ，Ｄ０为０．３７１２ｍｇ／ｋｇＢＷ，Ｒ为１．９０７６。 相似文献
4.
氧氟沙星在健康和霉形体与大肠杆菌感染鸡的药动学研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文报道氧氟沙星在健康和霉形体与大肠杆菌合并感染鸡体内的药动学研究,健康鸡单剂量内服氧氟沙星（１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）其药－时数据符合一级吸收一室开放模型,主要动力学参数如下：ｔ１／２α为０．４７±０．２３ｈ,ｔ１／２β为５．９２±１．３４ｈ,ｔｍａｘ为１．８９±０．５２ｈ,Ｃｍａｘ为５．７９±１．０９μｇ／ｍＬ,ＡＵＣ为６０．９２±１７．００ｍｇ／Ｌ,ｈ,Ｔｃｐ（ｔｈｅｒ）为５９．０６±１４．２８ｈＦ, 相似文献
5.
恩诺沙星及其活性代谢物在鸡体内的药物动力学 总被引：25，自引：4，他引：25
为全面了解恩诺沙星在鸡体内的动力学过程与药效的关系进行了本研究。用反向高效液相色谱法测定鸡血浆中的药物质量浓度,所得恩诺沙星ｃｉ－ｔｉ数据用ＭＣＰＫＰ计算机程序处理,代谢物环丙沙星的ｃｉ－ｔｉ数据用代谢物动力学方法处理。静注恩诺沙星后的ｃｉ－ｔｉ数据符合二室开放模型,主要动力学参数：ｔ１／２α（０．２５±０．０４）ｈ,ｔ１／２β（５．２６±０．８１）ｈ,Ｖｄ（４．５３±１．０７）Ｌ／ｋｇ,ＣＬＢ（０．６１±０．１１）Ｌ／（ｋｇ·ｈ）,ＡＵＣ（１７．３９±３．９２）ｍｇ／（Ｌ·ｈ）。内服恩诺沙星的ｃｉ－ｔｉ数据,符合有吸收因素二室模型,主要动力学参数ｔ１／２ｋａ（０．４４±０．１１）ｈ,ｔ１／２α（１．１５±０．３８）ｈ,ｔ１／２β（９．１４±１．４５）ｈ,ＡＵＣ（１２．４８±２．３６）ｍｇ／（Ｌ·ｈ）,ｔｍａｘ（１．７７±０．２１）ｈ,Ｃｍａｘ（１．４４±０．３１）ｍｇ／Ｌ,Ｆ７２．１８％。试验结果表明,鸡静注与内服恩诺沙星后,代谢物环丙沙星的生成及消除缓慢、分布广泛,是影响恩诺沙星疗效的重要因素。 相似文献
6.
用反相高效液相色谱法测定了黄牛肌注锥－４６１ｍｇ／ｋｇ后１０、２０、３０、４５ｍｉｎ；１、１．５、２、３、４、６、８．１２、２４ｈ血浆中锥－４６浓度。经ＰＫＢＰ－ＮＩ程序与３Ｐ８７程序拟合，锥－４６在黄牛体内的代谢符合二室开放模型。其主要动力学参数为：Ｔ１／２α１００．９ｍｉｎ，Ｔ１／２β１２９１．４ｍｉｎ，Ｔ１／２Ｋａ７．８２５ｍｉｎ，ＡＵＣ１６４．８μｇ·ｍｉｎ／ｍｌ，Ｔｐ２７．４１ｍｉｎ，Ｃｍａｘ０．３３９μｇ／ｍｌ。提示黄牛对该药物吸收迅速，消除缓慢，在血液中滞留时间较长，故对伊氏锥虫有较好的杀灭效果。 相似文献
7.
恩诺沙星在猪体内的生物利用度及药物动力学研究 总被引：37，自引：5，他引：32
选用２１头健康杂种猪，随机分为３组，对静注、肌注及内服恩诺沙星（２．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）的生物利用度和药物动力学进行了研究。用乙腈提取血浆中的药物，反相高效液相色谱法测定血浆中恩诺沙星及其主要代谢产物环丙沙星的浓度。所得血药浓药－时间数据用ＭＣＰＫＰ计算机程序处理。静注给药的药时数据适合二室开放模型，主要药物动力学参数：ｔ１／２ａ０．４８±０．２４ｈ；ｔ１／２ａ３．４５±０．８５ｈ；ｔ１／２Ｋ１０２．０ 相似文献
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9.
锥-46的耕牛血药浓度反相HPLC测定方法探索 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用惠普ＨＰ１０５０四元泵、ＨＰ１０４０Ｍ二极管阵列检测器和色谱柱ＥｃｏｎｏｓｐｈｅｒｅＣ（１８）（２５０×４．６ｍｍ，５μ）探索了锥－４６的耕牛血药浓度测定条件。检测波长２５２±２ｎｍ，参比波长５５０±２ｎｍ。流动相为甲醇：乙腈：重蒸水＝２０：２５：５５（Ｖ／Ｖ），每３００ｍｌ加入二乙胺１０００μｌ，用磷酸调节至ｐＨ３．５，流速０．６ｍｌ／分。血浆中的锥－４６用磷酸酸化至ｐＨ２．４的甲醇溶液提取，平均提取效率达９９．３３±２．２８％。提取物在６０℃下减压浓缩。平均回收率为９９．４６±６．０７％。本法最低检测浓度为０．１μｇ／ｍｌ。在锥－４６浓度为０．１～１０μｇ／ｍｌ范围内线性良好（相关系数ｒ＝０．９９９９，峰面积＝０．６９２８＋１．５８１×锥－４６ｎｇ数）。锥－４６基本上能与血浆中的杂质成分完全分离。已应用于耕牛体锥－４６的药物代谢动力学的研究。 相似文献
10.
对耳部感染兔痒螨的家兔采取４００μｇ／ｋｇ剂量的双氢除虫菌素皮下注射，其临床分级显著降低。对由ＴｒｉｘａｃａｕｒｕｓＣｕｖｌａｅ引起螨病的豚鼠以５００μｇ／ｋｇ双氢除虫菌素皮下注射，得到临床治愈。家兔皮下注射４００μｇ／ｋｇ双氢除虫菌素，组织和体液中产生高而持久的浓度至少达１３天。其在组织中衰减速率与在绵羊和大鼠中观察到的情况相似。在用药３７．２±５．０小时血浆中的平均（±平均标准误）峰值浓度为４２．０±９．ｎｇ／ｍｌ。药时曲线下面积（ＡＵＣ）为３５４３±５８０μｇ／ｍｌ·ｈ，给豚鼠口服、皮下注射或局部用５００μｇ／ｋｇ剂量的双氢除虫菌素，只有皮下注射能测出血浆中药物浓度。在用药后７２小时，四只豚鼠的平均浓度为０．７±０．３ｎｇ／ｍｌ。 相似文献
11.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
12.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
13.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
14.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
15.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献