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1.
给乳牛单剂量肌注0.73mg/kg乳炎消后不同时间采集血样，采用紫外分光光度法测定血药浓度。应用MCPKP药动学程序自动拟合处理血药浓度－时间数据，并求出药动学参娄。血药浓度－时间曲线符合一级吸收－一室开放模型。最佳药时方程Ci=17.8(e^-0.333t-e^-1.57t)。主要药动学参数：t1/2Ka为0.441h,t1/2K为2.082h,tmax为1.395h,Cmax为11.671μg/mL，AUC53．477mg/lh,Tcp为12.733h。根据单剂量给药参数计算出多剂量给药参数：г为12h,D^*为0.mL/kg,D（维持剂量）为0.08mL/kg。  相似文献   

2.
实验研究了30日龄肉鸡按55.38mg/kg·bw剂量灌服10%硫酸锰溶液后不同时间采血,应用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定血药浓度,经微机处理得出血药浓度及药动学参数,血药浓度-时间曲线符合一级吸收一室开放模型,最佳药时方程:C=80.8013(e-0.0709t-e-0.4402t)。主要药动学参数:t1/2Ka为1.5747hrs,t1/2Ke为9.7698hrs,tp为5.6617hrs,Cmax为48.3581ug/L,AUC为967.9305(μg/L)·h。根据单剂量给药参数,计算出多剂量给药参数。τ定为12h,(C∝)max为95.997μg/L,为80.6609μg/L,(C∝)min为4.0668μg/L,D为3.2794mg/kg·bw,D0为1.8789mg/kg·bw,R为1.7454。  相似文献   

3.
健康赛马6匹,随机分为2组,分别以5 mg/kg体重和2.5 mg/kg体重2个剂量静注复方丁氨丙磷注射液。用液相色谱-质谱法(LC-MS)测定血清中药物浓度,采用3p97药代动力学程序软件对所得药-时数据进行处理。结果表明,血清中丁氨丙磷的浓度下降很快,无论高剂量组还是低剂量组,24 h后血清中均无丁氨丙磷检出(检测限10 ng/mL)。高剂量和低剂量静注药-时数据均符合权重1/C2的二室模型。平均最高浓度分别为高剂量组87.81μg/mL和低剂量组10.22μg/mL,Tmax均为1 min。血药浓度-时间方程为高剂量:C=98.40e-0.31t 6.15e-0.0089t,低剂量:C=6.87e-0.048t 6.15e-0.0079t,高、低剂量组的消除相半衰期t1/2beta分别为77.78 min和87.37 min。药-时曲线下面积(AUC)高剂量组为1 005.55(μg/mL).min和低剂量组为565.16(μg/mL).min,说明该药在马体内的消除速度比较快。  相似文献   

4.
本试验旨在探讨加丽素红中角黄素在鸡体内的药代动力学特征.选取19周龄的海兰蛋鸡12只,单次灌胃口服加丽素红9.6 mg/kg BW,在72 h内不同时间段分10次采集静脉血,用高效液相色谱法测定鸡血清中角黄素的质量浓度,并利用3P97药代动力学程序软件处理血药浓度-时间数据.结果如下:加丽素红经口服给药后,角黄素在鸡体内的血药浓度-时间数据符合一级吸收一室模型,其理论方程为C=0.471(e-0.036-e-0.190),主要药代动力学参数为:吸收半衰期t1/2(Ka)=(3.643±0.205)h,消除半衰期t1/2(Ke)=(19.263±1.312)h,达峰时间Tmax=(10.795±1.007)h,达峰浓度Cmax=(0.259±0.048)μg/mL,血药浓度-时间曲线下面积AUC=(10.607±1.029)μg/(mL·h),总体清除率CLB=(0.905±0.076)L/(kg·h),表观分布容积Vd=(2.515±0.133)L/kg.上述结果表明,角黄素在鸡体内血药浓度的变化表征了加丽素红在鸡体内代谢的变化规律,具有吸收分布较迅速、达峰快、体内分布广泛、消除速度较慢等特点.  相似文献   

5.
《畜牧与兽医》2015,(8):61-65
18头健康猪随机分成3组,分别按每公斤体重10 mg单剂量颈部注射环丙沙星注射液、盐酸林可霉素注射液及环丙-林可霉素长效注射液后,用高效液相色谱法分别测定环丙沙星和林可霉素的血药浓度,评价环丙-林可霉素长效注射液在猪体内的药物动力学特征。环丙-林可霉素长效注射液中环丙沙星及参比注射液主要药动学参数分别为:药时曲线下面积(AUC)23.62和15.67μg·h/mL,消除半衰期(t1/2β)12.34和5.22 h,达峰时间(Tp)1.54和0.94 h,吸收半衰期(t1/2α)0.45和0.27 h。林可霉素及参比注射液主要药动学参数分别为:AUC为25.68和18.40μg·h/mL,t1/2β为10.74和3.59 h,Tp为1.03和0.69 h,t1/2α为0.37和0.25 h。结果表明:肌内注射环丙-林可霉素长效注射液后,两药均迅速吸收,体内释放平稳,消除缓慢,具有长效和缓释的作用。  相似文献   

6.
实验研究了30日龄肉鸡单剂量52.86 mg/kg·BW剂量灌服1％硫酸锌溶液不同时间采血,应用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定血药浓度,经微机处理得出血药浓度及药动学参数,血药浓度-时间曲线符合一级吸收一室开放模型,最佳药时方程:Ci=27.63626 (e-0.166907t-e-0.0.35005t).主要药动学参数:t1/2Ka为1.98014 hrs,t1/2Ke为4.15290 hrs,tp为4.52561hrs,Cmax为7.36195μg/L,AUC为86.62806(μg/L)·h.根据单剂量给药参数,计算出多剂量给药参数.  相似文献   

7.
为了研究氟尼辛葡甲胺在奶牛体内的代谢情况,试验采用健康成年母牛5头,按体重2.0 mg/kg的剂量肌肉注射氟尼辛葡甲胺,血浆样品经过甲醇沉淀蛋白后离心,取上清液用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定奶牛血浆中氟尼辛葡甲胺的浓度,DAS药代动力学软件处理血药浓度-时间数据。结果表明:主要药代动力学参数AUC(0~t)为(126.01±15.34)μg/mL·h,MRT(0~t)为(4.92±0.39)h,t1/2z为(7.57±2.27)h,Vz/F为(159.33±42.66)L·h/kg,Tmax为0.5 h,Cmax为(44.56±2.88)μg/mL。说明氟尼辛葡甲胺在产后奶牛体内肌肉注射后吸收迅速,达峰时间短,半衰期较长。  相似文献   

8.
本论文以高效液相色谱(HPLC)内标法为定量手段,研究了单诺沙星经静注、口服两种途径给药后在雏鸡体内的药物代谢动力学特征;以菌落计数法测定了单诺沙星对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡球菌)的体外抗菌后效应。静注和内服给药后血药浓度-时间数据分别符合无吸收因素二室开放式模型和一级吸收一室开放式模型。静注给药的主要药动学参数为:t1/2α0.3313h、t1/2β5.9940h、Vd7.5246L/kg、AUC5.6916μg/(mL·h)、CLB0.8935/(kg·h)。内服给药后主要药动学参数为:t1/2Ka0.3029h、t1/2K6.5128h、tmax1.2100h、Cmax0.5159μg/mL、AUC5.1329μg/(mL·h),生物利用度为90.18%。抗菌后效应(PAE)结果如下,浓度分别为0.5MIC、2MIC、4.MIC的单诺沙星对大肠杆菌的PAE测定值分别为(0.6464±0.0294)h,(1.2077±0.0284)h,(1.6529±0.0496)h,对金葡球菌的PAE测定值分别为(0.5660±0.0075)h,(1.1746±0.0057)h,(1.4913±0.0257)h。  相似文献   

9.
为研究三苯双脒在绵羊体内动态变化的规律,采用方法如下:绵羊1次口服给药60、120、180 mg/kg体重3个剂量组,依据消除速率常数、吸收率常数、达峰时、血药浓度-时间曲线等主要药动学参数,经上海宏能软件有限公司开发的临床药物代谢动力学软件进行数据分析,符合血管外给药一级吸收一室模型,主要药动学参数为:吸收率常数Ka=0.15129h,t1/2Ka=4.74h,消除速率常数Ke=0.082 121h,t1/2Ke=8.46h,t1/2=19.03 h,达峰时tmax=8.0 h,Cmax=6257μg/L,血药浓度-时间曲线下面积AUC=300 51μg/L.h。三苯双脒肠溶片在羊体内吸收快、半衰期长等特点。说明三苯双脒肠溶片在药效试验剂量范围内比较安全。  相似文献   

10.
为了给临床防治蛇病合理应用左氧氟沙星提供理论依据,本试验采用微生物法测定眼镜蛇肌肉注射盐酸左氧氟沙星后的血药浓度变化。结果显示:眼镜蛇肌肉注射盐酸左氧氟沙星后0.25 h可以检测到药物,平均血药浓度为0.78μg/mL,0.5 h为0.88μg/mL,1 h为0.81μg/mL,2 h之后血药浓度逐渐下降,24 h未能检测到血液中含有药物;药物代谢动力学主要参数为:达峰时间T_(max)为0.417±0.118,峰浓度C_(max)为0.902±0.049μg/m L,半衰期t_(1/2λ)为13.812±1.864 h。试验表明:眼镜蛇肌肉注射盐酸左氧氟沙星吸收快,消除缓慢。建议蛇临床应用盐酸左氧氟沙星的方法为肌肉注射,给药剂量10 mg/kg,给药间隔时间48 h。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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