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罗氏沼虾细菌性病原的分离与鉴定 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从患病罗氏沼虾体内分离到1株细菌,经形态学检查、生理生化性质测定,鉴定为温和气单胞菌(Aeromonassobria)。人工注射感染健康虾,半致死剂量为3×105个/mL,证实温和气单胞菌为罗氏沼虾的致病菌。药敏试验结果表明,此病原菌对卡那霉素、新霉素、环丙沙星、氟哌酸、氯霉素、庆大霉素、妥布霉素、氟嗪酸、壮观霉素、复达欣、头孢呋肟、菌必治、先锋霉素Ⅵ、头孢噻吩等14种药物高度敏感。 相似文献
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哈氏弧菌胞外产物对红鳍东方鲀的致病性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用平板玻璃纸覆盖技术提取哈氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)H-06091菌株的胞外产物(ECP),通过肌肉和腹腔注射2种方式研究其对红鳍东方鲀(Fugu obscurus)的致病性。采用双层纸片法对其主要酶成份进行初步研究;测定其对绵羊红细胞和红鳍东方鲀红细胞的溶血活性;将哈氏弧菌在不同温度下(15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃、40℃)培养36h和25℃下培养不同时间(12h、18h、24h、36h、48h、60h、72h)后提取其胞外产物并对其蛋白质含量进行测定;经SDS-PAGE分离粗提胞外产物中蛋白成分,并用Dot-ELISA和Western-blot方法对其成分进行分析。实验结果显示,该胞外产物对红鳍东方鲀具有致病性;具有淀粉酶和酪蛋白酶活性,不具有卵磷脂酶、脂肪酶和明胶酶活性;对红鳍东方鲀红细胞有溶血活性,对绵羊红细胞无溶血活性;胞外产物蛋白质总含量在35℃培养36h后出现高值,与温度变化无明显相关性;25℃下培养24h、36h和48h的粗提胞外产物经SDS-PAGE分离,有3条蛋白质条带最明显,分子量分别约为31kD、38kD、60kD;其中分子量约为60kD蛋白条带,经Dot-ELISA和Western-blot方法证实其为半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1。根据以上结果认为哈氏弧菌H-06091菌株胞外产物含有多种毒力因子,与该菌的致病性密切相关。 相似文献
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斑点叉尾鮰源嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌胞外产物的生物学特性与致病性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本实验对斑点叉尾鮰源嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌（Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,Sma）胞外产物（Extracellular products,ECP）的生物学特性及其致病性进行了研究。结果表明,Sma胞外产物具有脂肪酶、蛋白酶、明胶酶和脲酶等多种酶活性;同时具有溶血活性、肠毒性和Vero细胞毒性;且对小鼠和斑点叉尾鮰都具有明显的致病性和致死性。 相似文献
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以0(对照)、50、100和150 mg/kg饲料的剂量将左旋咪唑(LMS)添加于基础饲料中制成颗粒饲料投喂罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)14 d,采样测定了罗氏沼虾血细胞吞噬活性、血清酚氧化酶(PO)、溶菌酶(LSZ)及超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性,并以6×105cells/mL浓度的致病性嗜水气单胞菌(Aerom onas hydrophila)对罗氏沼虾进行肌肉注射(20μL/尾),记录接种7 d后罗氏沼虾的累积死亡率。结果表明,3个LMS处理组的罗氏沼虾血细胞吞噬百分比和吞噬指数、血清PO、LSZ及SOD活性均显著地高于对照组(P<0.05);LMS处理组的罗氏沼虾对嗜水气单胞菌的抵抗力明显增强。因此,饲喂适量的LMS能促进罗氏沼虾的免疫力和抗病力;在本试验条件下,100 mg/kg饲料的剂量为最适添加剂量。 相似文献
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氨氮胁迫与恢复对罗氏沼虾幼虾非特异性免疫的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在温度为(25±1)℃、p H为8. 0±0. 5条件下采用生物毒性实验方法研究了氨氮对罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)幼虾半致死浓度,并设置0、0. 43、0. 64、0. 85、1. 06 mg·L~(-1)5个浓度研究氨氮胁迫48 h及恢复48 h对罗氏沼虾非特异性免疫的影响。结果显示:非离子氨对罗氏沼虾幼虾24、48、72、96 h半致死浓度分别为4. 25、2. 35、1. 86、1. 54 mg·L~(-1),安全浓度为0. 154 mg·L~(-1)。氨氮胁迫48 h,罗氏沼虾SOD活性显著升高(P 0. 05),而CAT和GSH-Px活性变化不显著(P 0. 05); 0. 43、0. 64、1. 06 mg·L~(-1)氨氮胁迫组罗氏沼虾MDA含量显著高于对照组(P 0. 05)。氨氮胁迫后恢复48 h,各组SOD活性均较胁迫时显著下降(P 0. 05),但除0. 85 mg·L~(-1)组外的其它试验组仍显著高于对照组(P 0. 05); 0. 85、1. 06 mg·L~(-1)组CAT活性较胁迫状态显著下降(P 0. 05);试验组与对照组MDA含量无显著差异(P 0. 05)。结果表明,低浓度氨氮短期胁迫对罗氏沼虾造成的氧化损伤在解除胁迫后可修复,但肌肉仍处于应激状态。 相似文献
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乳酸菌胞外产物对副溶血弧菌抑制作用的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分离到对副溶血弧菌有抑制作用的3株乳酸菌,命名为A-1、A-2、A-3。对其胞外产物的抑制作用进行研究,结果表明:3株乳酸菌胞外产物对副溶血弧菌有较强抑制作用,抑菌环直径分别可达18.6mm、20.3 mm1、9.5 mm;抑菌物质对热处理不敏感:在60℃、80℃抑菌活性基本不变,在121℃处理20min条件下抑菌效果分别是原液的67%,83%,74%,蛋白酶K处理对其活性有较大影响,抑菌成分可能是细菌素。进一步研究了细菌素抑菌活性与乳酸菌培养时间的关系。根据形态特征和常规生理生化反应进行鉴定,A-1、A-2鉴定为嗜热链球菌,A-3鉴定为嗜酸乳杆菌。 相似文献
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从发病的杂交鲍(皱纹盘鲍×盘鲍)稚鲍中共分离27株菌株,并对其分泌胞外产物(包括酪蛋白酶、明胶酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、磷脂酶和溶血素)的能力进行了分析。试验结果表明,具有分泌胞外蛋白酶、明胶酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、磷脂酶和溶血素能力的菌株分别占总菌株数的81.5%(22/27)、74.1%(20/27)、18.5%(5/27)、0%(0/27)、11.1%(3/27)、29.6%(8/27)。其中,1#、14#菌株具有很强的产胞外蛋白酶能力,而明胶酶的最大分泌者为2#、7#、9#、17#菌株,淀粉酶的为11#、14#菌株,磷脂酶的为11#、15#菌株,溶血素的为菌株10#、21#。此外,10#、11#、15#菌株可同时分泌4种胞外产物,而12#、14#、18#、21#、23#、24#菌株可同时分泌3种胞外产物。综合考虑每一种胞外酶的潜在致病作用,以及菌株分泌多种胞外酶的能力,初步确认11株菌为潜在的致病菌:1#、2#、7#、9#、10#、11#、12#、14#、15#、17#、21#。用API条带法对它们进行了种类鉴定,11株菌中巴斯德氏菌和假单胞菌所占的比例分别为45.5%、27.3%。 相似文献
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半滑舌鳎源蜡样芽孢杆菌毒性检测及药敏试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对一株鱼源致病菌L1进行了16SrDNA的鉴定、6种毒力基因的PCR检测、溶血素和4种胞外酶的定性分析以及半数致死密度测定和药敏试验。试验结果表明,菌株L1为蜡样芽孢杆菌,携带与腹泻毒素相关的溶血素BL基因、肠毒素T基因、细胞毒素K基因、多效调控因子、非溶血性肠毒素5种毒力基因,不含呕吐基因;并且该菌分泌溶血素、蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、尿素酶;其对斑马鱼96h半数致死密度为3.26×10~8cfu/mL。药敏试验结果表明,该菌对庆大霉素等15种药物敏感。本试验旨在从毒力基因和外毒素角度评估该菌对水产养殖动物的潜在致病性;通过药物敏感性试验,为蜡样芽孢杆菌引起的水产动物疾病防治提供用药参考。 相似文献
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壬基酚(NP)对罗氏沼虾幼虾生长和性别分化的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用外部形态观察和性腺组织学连续切片方法,确定罗氏沼虾幼虾的性别分化时期,并探讨壬基酚(NP)对罗氏沼虾幼虾(体长约1.5 cm)生长和性别分化的影响。结果表明,罗氏沼虾仔虾后15 d出现生殖原基;仔虾后24 d,部分仔虾第四至第五步足基部明显凹陷,腹甲出现皱折和突起,并出现生殖管;仔虾后45 d,部分仔虾第二游泳足内侧出现雄性附肢,性腺明显区分为精巢和卵巢。处理时间短于15 d,NP对罗氏沼虾幼虾生长无显著影响;但处理超过20 d,NP以明显的剂量依存关系显著抑制罗氏沼虾体长和体重(P<0.05)。实验结束时(30 d),对照组个体均已完成性别分化,精巢和卵巢内分别出现大量精原细胞和卵原细胞,但NP处理组无法鉴定性别的幼虾比例随NP剂量增加而增加。研究表明,罗氏沼虾幼虾外部性征出现略早于内部性征的分化,早期性别分化发生在仔虾变态后21～45 d;此外,NP可能通过干扰蜕皮及卵黄蛋白原合成从而抑制罗氏沼虾幼虾生长和精巢发育。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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