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1.
离子注入对小麦三叶期3种保护酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以鉴54、豫农118及豫麦18号为材料,研究了不同剂量率、剂量离子注入对小麦三叶期过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响.结果发现:离子注入后小麦三叶期的幼苗叶片中CAT和POD的酶活性一直高于对照,而SOD在低剂量条件下酶活高于对照,在剂量大于5.6×1017 N /cm2时酶活性低于对照.随着剂量的增加,酶活性变化趋势为先升后降,且有一定的波动性.不同剂量率间酶活有一定差异,品种间有辐射敏感性差异. 相似文献
2.
小麦灌浆中期倒伏对种子产量与质量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨小麦灌浆中期倒伏对种子产量与质量的影响,以3个基因型小麦为试验材料,在自然条件下,对倒伏与未倒伏小麦种子的千粒重、品质性状、发芽率、幼苗鲜重和幼苗干重进行了测定分析.结果表明:倒伏与未倒伏相比,3个基因型千粒重平均降低6.48 g,降低幅度为15.74％,差异极显著;种子水分含量、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、吸水率差异不显著,而沉降值却增加了23.30个百分点,差异显著;种子发芽差异不显著;15株幼苗平均干物重降低0.14g,降低幅度为33.3％,差异显著.灌浆中期倒伏,显著降低种子千粒重而降低产量,显著降低幼苗干物重而影响幼苗质量. 相似文献
3.
~(60)Co γ-射线辐射对小报春种子萌发和M_1性状的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用~(60)Co γ-射线辐射小报春的干种子,剂量分别为0(对照)、25、50、100、200、400 Gy,剂量率为1.0 Gy/min.对辐射后的种子萌发、幼苗生长以及M_1植株形态变异等进行了观测.结果表明,γ射线辐射显著影响了小报春种子萌发与幼苗生长.综合种子萌发率和幼苗出苗率等发现,100Gy剂量辐射后的种子发芽率为87.6%,成苗率为51.4%,确定小报春种子发芽和幼苗成长受到中等程度抑制的辐射剂量为100 Gy左右.本研究还对M_1植株形态变异进行了初步分析. 相似文献
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研究了渗透胁迫下，小麦品种豫麦18（抗旱性较强）和扬麦9号（抗旱性较弱）幼苗类囊体膜上非共价结合态（noncova—kndy conjugated：NCC）多胺（polyamines：PAs）和高氯酸不溶性共价结合态（perchloric acid insoluble covalently conjugated：PISCC）多胺（PA）含量的变化。发现渗透胁迫下，抗旱性弱的扬麦9号的NCC-亚精胺（sperm／dine：Spd）、PISCC-腐胺（putrescine：Put）和PISCC-Spd下降幅度明显大于抗旱性强的豫麦18；扬麦9号的NCC-精胺（spermine：Spm）含量明显下降，而豫麦18的NCC—Spin含量变化不明显。外源Spd处理明显抑制了渗透胁迫下扬麦9号类囊体膜上NCC—Spd含量的下降，也提高了扬麦9号小麦幼苗的抗性；Spd生物合成的专一性抑制剂MGBG处理，则明显促进了渗透胁迫下豫麦18类囊体膜上NCC—Spd含量的下降，也降低了豫麦18小麦幼苗的抗性。PISCC—PAs生物合成的专一性抑制剂-o-phen处理，促进了渗透胁迫下小麦幼苗类囊体膜上PISCC—PAs含量的下降，而且明显降低了小麦幼苗的抗性。结果表明：小麦幼苗类囊体膜上NCC—Spd、NCC—Spm、PISCC—spd和PISCC—Put水平在胁迫条件下的稳定有利于增强小麦幼苗适应渗透胁迫的能力。 相似文献
6.
噻虫啉拌种对小麦种子及幼苗生长的生理效应 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为研究噻虫啉拌种对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,以及对小麦幼苗叶片保护酶活性的影响。采用培养箱平皿法和田间小区试验研究噻虫啉不同浓度拌种处理对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。与未拌种相比,24 g a.i./10kg种子处理小麦种子发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数分别提高了4.49%、38.76%和66.23%,小麦幼苗株高、根长、地上鲜重、地下鲜种、根冠比分别增加了4.66 cm、16.64 cm、0.05 g/株、0.12 g/株、0.19,同时拌种可以增加小麦幼苗的叶绿素含量,提高根系活力以及幼苗叶片POD、SOD、CAT酶活性。噻虫啉拌种明显促进小麦种子萌发以及幼苗的生长,提高幼苗叶片保护酶活性,起到壮苗的作用。 相似文献
7.
研究木醋液对小麦幼苗生长、抗氧化特性以及内源激素含量的影响,探讨木醋液对小麦幼苗生长的调节机制,为木醋液用作植物生长调节剂提供参考。选用不同浓度的杉木木醋液进行小麦幼苗培养实验,以水为对照组(CK),分析不同浓度木醋液对小麦幼苗形态学指标、抗氧化特性以及内源激素含量的影响。研究表明,木醋液浓度通过逆境胁迫效应,改变小麦幼苗抗氧化酶活性和内源激素含量,进而影响其生长。低浓度木醋液培养小麦引起轻微逆境胁迫,小麦幼苗中MDA含量降低而POD和SOD活性增加,同时内源激素IAA和GA3含量增加、ABA含量降低,促进小麦幼苗生长;高浓度木醋液培养小麦引起严重逆境胁迫,MDA含量增加而POD和SOD活性降低,内源激素IAA和GA3含量降低而ABA含量升高,抑制小麦幼苗生长。木醋液对小麦幼苗的生长表现为低浓度促进生长,高浓度抑制生长,浓度为0.25 mL/L时对小麦幼苗生长最有利。 相似文献
8.
低聚壳聚糖对小麦种子萌发以及幼苗生理生化特性的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
以分子量为1500，2000，3000，4000，10000，20000的低聚壳聚糖为材料，研究了其对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。实验表明：低聚壳聚糖能够有效地促进小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长，其促进作用的大小随低聚壳聚糖的分子量、浓度的不同而有较大的差异。以平均分子量为1500、浓度为0．2％的低聚壳聚糖的促进效果最好，可提高小麦种子的发芽势、发芽率和种子胚乳α-淀粉酶活性，使小麦幼苗叶片叶绿素含量和干物重分别提高26．2％和28．2％，叶片几丁质酶活性提高2～6倍。 相似文献
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11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
14.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
15.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
16.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
17.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
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[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
19.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
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Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献