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新疆牧区传统酸奶干酪的营养成分及脂肪酸含量分析 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
本文对新疆主要牧区牧民传统方法制造的酸奶干酪营养成分及脂肪酸组成进行了分析研究。结果表明,大多数酸奶干酪样品中水分含量在5％FAT,质地干硬。pH值和总酸含量分别为3．9±0．2和5．6％±0．4。粗灰分、粗蛋白质和总脂肪含量分别为5．7％,52．0％和18．6％,其中粗脂肪含量的变化幅度较大（6．3％-31．1％）。酸奶干酪脂质中检测出近20种脂肪酸,其中油酸（C18：1）含量最高,占总脂肪酸的32．7％。不饱和脂肪酸总量的81．1％。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究在尽可能相同的生长状态下山羊和奶牛乳中乳蛋白、乳脂肪和乳中微量元素的种间差异。结果显示,山羊和奶牛乳中乳蛋白分数差异显著,山羊乳中αs1-酪蛋白含量（28．8％）显著低于奶牛乳中αs1-酪蛋白含量（P〈0．05）。虽然山羊乳和奶牛乳中总必需氨基酸含量差异不显著（P〉0．05）,但氨基酸谱图存在一定的差异。两品种乳中乳脂组成显著不同,尤其是中、长链脂肪酸的含量（C4-C14）,山羊乳中含量显著高于奶牛乳中含量（P〈0．05）;山羊乳中n-6多不饱和脂肪酸（10．0％）、n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（51．0％）和共轭亚油酸含量（33．8％）也显著高于奶牛乳中相应的含量（P〈0．05）。 相似文献
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试验旨在采用体外产气法研究抑制瘤胃细菌、真菌、原虫对添加亚油酸和亚麻酸后水牛瘤胃体外发酵参数和脂肪酸代谢的影响。体外培养底物0.5 g,精粗比为3：7,分别添加底物干物质量3%的亚油酸和3%的亚麻酸,每组设置5个重复,同时再设立4个组：对照组及抑制原虫、细菌、真菌组。体外模拟瘤胃发酵培养24 h,测定24 h产气量和气体中的甲烷（CH4）含量、瘤胃发酵液的pH、挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）、氨态氮（NH3-N）、微生物蛋白（MCP）浓度以及长链脂肪酸（LFA）组成。结果表明：①在添加亚麻酸情况下,与对照组相比,抑制细菌和原虫生长后产气量显著降低,抑制细菌和真菌生长后CH4产量显著升高,而抑制原虫生长后CH4产量显著降低（P<0.05）;在添加亚油酸情况下,与对照组相比,抑制细菌、真菌或原虫生长后产气量均显著降低,且抑制原虫后CH4产量显著低于其他组（P<0.05）。②抑制细菌、真菌或原虫生长后,添加亚油酸和亚麻酸显著影响了体外瘤胃发酵液pH和MCP浓度（P<0.05）,添加亚油酸对NH3-N浓度影响不显著（P>0.05）。③与对照组相比,抑制细菌、真菌或原虫生长后显著降低了乙酸、丙酸含量（P<0.05）;在添加亚麻酸情况下,抑制细菌生长显著降低了丁酸含量（P<0.05）;在添加亚油酸情况下,抑制细菌、真菌或原虫生长后丁酸含量显著降低（P<0.05）。④与对照组相比,在添加亚麻酸情况下,抑制细菌生长显著降低了C11：0、C12：0、C13：0、C14：0、C14：1n5、C15：1n5、C16：1n7、C16：0、C18：3n3、C18：2n6c、C18：0、C20：2n6、C20：3n6、C20：1、C20：3n3、C20：0、C21：0、C22：6n3、C22：2n6、C22：0浓度（P<0.05）;在添加亚油酸情况下,抑制细菌生长显著降低了C12：0、C13：0、C14：0、C15：0、C16：1n7、C16：0、C17：0、C18：3n6、C18：3n3、C18：2n6c、C18：1n9t、C18：0、C18：2（cis-9,trans-11）、C18：2（trans-10,cis-12）、C20：2n6、C20：1、C20：0、C21：0、C22：6n3、C22：0、C23：0、C24：1n9、C24：0浓度（P<0.05）。由此可见,抑制细菌、真菌或原虫生长后,添加亚油酸和亚麻酸对体外瘤胃发酵参数、CH4产量和脂肪酸组成均能产生影响,原虫对产气量和CH4产量贡献最大,细菌对瘤胃液脂肪酸代谢影响最大。 相似文献
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为探究亚油酸对反刍动物瘤胃中溶纤维丁酸弧菌脂肪酸合成的影响，试验用不同水平亚油酸培养基进行溶纤维丁酸弧菌体外厌氧培养试验，分光光度计测定菌液D600 nm值达到1.0时，在培养基中添加亚油酸，使试验1组（对照）、2、3及4组培养基亚油的浓度分别为0、2.5、5.0及7.5 mg/100 mL，培养24 h后收集菌液检测35种脂肪酸含量。结果显示，细菌代谢相关的C8：0、C11：0、C14：0、C15：0、C17：0、C17：1、C18：1（n-9） C、C18：2（n-6） C、C18：3（n-6）、C20：0、C20：2、C20：3（n-3）、C20：3（n-6）、C20：5（n-3）、C21：0、C22：0、C22：2、C22：1（n-9）及C22：6（n-3）脂肪酸随着培养基中亚油酸浓度的提高无显著变化（P>0.05）；培养基中添加亚油酸使C10：0、C12：0、C16：0、C18：0、C20：4（n-6）、C23：0、C24：1合成量显著减少（P<0.05）；而C15：1及C18：3（n-3）合成量在2.5 mg/100 mL亚油酸组显著增加（P<0.05）；C14：1在对照组中合成量最高，在添加亚油酸的试验组中，随着亚油酸含量增加而增加；C24：0在7.5 mg/100 mL亚油酸组合成量最高。综上所述，亚油酸对于溶纤维丁酸弧菌合成脂肪酸有一定影响作用，可抑制C10：0、C12：0、C16：0、C18：0、C23：0、C14：1、C20：4（n-6）等脂肪酸的合成，C15：1、C16：1、C18：3（n-3）含量增加，但超过一定量时合成量会减少。 相似文献
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广西水牛乳脂肪酸四季变化规律的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了研究不同季节对水牛乳脂肪酸组成的影响,试验选取春、夏、秋、冬4个季节广西地区生鲜水牛原乳720份,采用气相色谱法测定水牛原乳脂肪酸组成和含量,以分析水牛乳脂肪酸四季的变化规律。结果显示,水牛原乳共检出38种脂肪酸,除C13：0、C15：0、C16：0和C20：4n6外,季节对其他脂肪酸含量均有显著影响（P<0.05）;多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）总含量在四季差异不显著（P>0.05）,冬季短链脂肪酸（SCFA）总含量显著高于其他季节（P<0.05）,夏季长链脂肪酸（LCFA）总含量和单不饱和脂肪酸（SUFA）总含量均显著高于其他季节（P<0.05）,而夏季中链脂肪酸（MCFA）总含量和饱和脂肪酸（SFA）总含量均显著低于其他季节（P<0.05）;夏季ω6系列脂肪酸含量显著高于冬季（P<0.05）,春、秋两季ω3系列脂肪酸总含量显著高于夏、冬季节（P<0.05）;ω6与ω3系列脂肪酸比值在春季最低（4.43）,其次是秋季和冬季,夏季ω6/ω3值最高（6.32）。由此可见,不同季节对水牛原乳脂肪酸组成有显著影响,欲优化脂肪酸组成应合理改善日粮结构并提高饲养管理水平。 相似文献
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选用佛手和脱脂奶粉为主原料,采用阿斯巴甜和木糖醇代替蔗糖,通过发酵研制出一种低热量佛手酸奶。经单因素试验和各因素正交试验,确定低热量佛手酸奶最佳配方为：佛手汁含量为3％,脱脂奶粉量为12．6％,木糖醇4％,阿斯巴甜0．02％,接种量为3％。最佳工艺参数为：均质温度为70℃,均质压力为20MPa,发酵温度为43℃,发酵时间为4．5h。本产品不仅为佛手的利用开辟了新的途径,而且其热量低的特点可以满足多种人群的需要。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献