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1.
土壤的崩解特性是南方红土区土壤侵蚀的重要指标,也是开展水土保持工作的重要依据.作者选择花岗岩发育的2个土壤剖面,分别采集淋溶层、淀积层、过渡层和母质层原状土壤样品.利用崩解仪进行崩解实验,测定剖面不同层次土壤崩解特性与初始含水率的关系.结果表明:在不同的初始含水率条件下,土壤崩解特性均表现为淋溶层和淀积层土壤崩解缓慢,过渡层和母质层崩解迅速;初始含水率的递变,对淋溶层和淀积层土壤达到崩解完全所需用时影响较大,对过渡层和母质层土壤影响较小;随着初始含水率的减小,淋溶层和淀积层的最大崩解量逐渐增加,风干状态时可趋于完全崩解;过渡层和母质层均可全部达到完全崩解,初始含水率对其影响较小.研究结果可为治理南方崩岗水土流失提供依据,也为探索崩岗的发生机制提供参考. 相似文献
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人工模拟降雨下花岗岩崩岗区不同层次土体产流产沙特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取湖北通城县五里镇发育典型的崩岗作为研究对象,利用室内人工模拟降雨试验,分析花岗岩崩岗区各层次土体的产流产沙状况和泥沙各粒径流失规律。结果表明,各层次土体入渗率和累积入渗量在整个降雨时段内差异显著。随着降雨时间的延长,各层次土体入渗率均表现出先快速减小后逐渐趋于稳定,累积入渗量则相差越来越大;淀积层的稳定入渗率最大为328.75ml/min,是淋溶层的1.13倍,母质层的1.76倍;Horton模型能对各层次土体入渗率很好的拟合(R20.922),且拟合结果证实了模拟降雨条件下各层次土体入渗速率随时间变化规律。各层次土体产沙率和累积产沙量在整个降雨时段内差异显著。母质层平均产沙率为40.43g/(L·min),是淀积层的1.79倍,淋溶层的3.11倍;淀积层的累积产沙量增加较快,淋溶层的累积产沙量增长缓慢,母质层的累积产沙量在整个降雨时段内不断增加且远大于淋溶层和淀积层的累积产沙量。各层次土体0.2mm粒径的流失量最多,0.2~1mm粒径次之,1~2mm粒径和2mm粒径流失量最小;随着降雨时间的延长,淋溶层各粒径流失量均逐渐减小,淀积层各粒径流失量逐渐增多,母质层各粒径流失量逐渐趋于稳定。该研究对揭示崩岗区各层次土体侵蚀的产流产沙机理及侵蚀规律的研究具有重要的理论和实践意义,为崩岗水蚀过程物理模型的建立奠定基础。 相似文献
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土壤的抗蚀性即土壤抵抗外力对其破坏和搬运的能力,土壤抗蚀性越强,受到的侵蚀破坏就越少。本文通过对通城崩岗区花岗岩发育的淋溶层、淀积层、母质层进行多次人工模拟降雨试验,在一定雨强、坡度的条件下,收集径流、泥沙来研究崩岗区花岗岩发育的不同土层的抗蚀性。结果表明:崩岗区花岗岩发育的淋溶层、淀积层、母质层的抗蚀性有显著差异,各土层的入渗率呈现稳定差异,淀积层的稳定入渗率是淋溶层的1.25倍,母质层的2.27倍;且输沙率差异明显,母质层的平均输沙率是淀积层的1.79倍,淋溶层的3.11倍。结合3层土理化性质和土壤粒径分析可知,母质层的抗蚀性最弱,淀积层次之,淋溶层最强,其中决定3层土抗蚀性大小的主要因素是土层中小颗粒含量和颗粒间的粘结能力。 相似文献
4.
鄂东南花岗岩崩岗岩土抗剪强度与含水量的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
崩岗是我国南方特殊的一种土壤侵蚀现象,其形成主要是由于岩土稳定性降低所致;土壤抗剪强度是表征崩岗岩土稳定性的重要指标,而土壤含水量是影响抗剪强度的关键因子.以通城县2处崩岗为研究对象,采集淋溶层(A)、淀积层(B)、过渡层(BC)和母质层(C)原状土样,通过室内直剪试验,研究崩岗岩土不同层次抗剪强度与含水量的关系及变化规律.结果表明:A层抗剪强度随含水量增加呈现先增大后下降趋势,其余各土层抗剪强度整体上随含水量增加呈现而下降,B层抗剪强度较大,C层抗剪强度最小,且B层抗剪强度受含水量影响最大;土壤黏聚力变化幅度较大,A层随含水量增加先增大后减小,其余各层均随含水量增加而减小,B层黏聚力在4个层次中最大,同时其衰减幅度也较大,C层因黏粒质量分数低、缺少胶结物质而黏聚力极低;土壤内摩擦角4个土壤层次均随含水量增加而减小.研究结果可为崩岗侵蚀机理研究以及进一步防治崩岗侵蚀提供理论依据. 相似文献
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6.
为揭示干湿循环效应下膨胀土胀缩裂隙的演化特征及土体结构强度的劣化规律,对合肥弱膨胀土试样开展不同循环幅度下的干湿循环试验,利用图像处理技术从试样表面裂隙图像中提取出裂隙参数,并进行低应力下的抗剪强度试验。试验结果表明:1)裂隙开展分为裂隙酝酿期、裂隙快速传播期和裂隙平稳发展期3个阶段,裂隙指标的增长主要集中在裂隙快速传播期,且循环幅度的增大会使土体的开裂程度加剧;2)在干湿循环作用下,膨胀土的内摩擦角变化幅度小于2.2°,其受干湿循环次数的影响很小,土体的强度衰减主要源于粘聚力的大幅降低。膨胀土的粘聚力呈现出先快后缓的衰减趋势,其中前4次干湿循环期间粘聚力的衰减率达到50.97%～66.92%,且衰减率也与干湿循环幅度的大小密切相关;3)通过灰色关联度分析发现,粘聚力的衰减与裂隙面积率、裂隙总长度、裂隙平均宽度的变化趋势具有明显的关联性,其中裂隙面积率的关联度最大,其与粘聚力衰减率间的关联度为0.785～0.832,相应的权重达到0.461～0.472,且裂隙面积率与粘聚力衰减率间具有较好的线性关系,而裂隙平均宽度的关联度最小,其与粘聚力衰减率间的关联度为0.392～0.414,对应的权重仅为0.228～0.240。研究成果可为进一步揭示剧烈温湿变化诱发的膨胀土边坡灾变机理提供重要依据。 相似文献
7.
干湿循环作用下崩岗土体抗拉强度的衰减性分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
针对干湿循环影响下崩岗土体崩壁出现失稳等问题,通过开展室内单轴抗拉试验,研究了湖北通城地区不同干湿循环作用下崩岗土体抗拉强度的变化规律。结果表明:崩岗土体的抗拉强度随着干湿循环次数的增加逐渐衰减,最后逐渐趋于稳定,且不同层次土壤的抗拉强度衰减主要集中在前3个干湿循环周期,表土层、红土层、过渡层和砂土层抗拉强度衰减比例分别达到90%,82%,83%,90%,且不同层次土壤的抗拉强度总体表现为过渡层>红土层>表土层>砂土层。并通过考虑崩岗不同层次土体深度和干湿循环次数的共同影响,建立了抗拉强度衰减预估模型,且抗拉强度模型预测值与实测值有较高的相关关系(R^2=0.97),该模型对研究崩岗不同层次土体抗拉强度衰减机制具有指导意义。 相似文献
8.
控制厚度条件下崩岗土体的裂隙演化特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
裂隙发育降低土体承载力、抗剪强度、凝聚力等力学特性,促使崩壁崩塌。在控制土体厚度（0.8,1.6,2.2 cm）条件下,对崩岗4层土体进行室内脱湿试验,通过相机定时定点拍照,并结合数字图像处理技术分析崩岗土体的裂隙演化特征。结果表明：（1）脱湿过程中土体变形均先产生核心收缩,后产生裂隙,且4层土中过渡层最早产生核心收缩与裂隙发育现象;（2）4层土之间,裂隙发育程度呈现为过渡层>红土层>表土层>砂土层,过渡层与砂土层的较大差异会破坏土体的稳定性,加速崩壁崩塌;（3）随着土体厚度的增加,裂隙发育现象减弱,核心收缩现象逐渐增强。对于直径为12 cm的崩岗土体,当厚度为2.2 cm时,无裂隙发育,仅产生核心收缩现象。研究结果可为研究崩壁崩塌机理、提高崩岗稳定性提供科学依据。 相似文献
9.
干湿循环下崩岗土体裂隙发育对其渗透性能的影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
渗透是崩壁降雨重分布的关键且直接影响其重力侵蚀过程。试验设计6次干湿循环,通过进行崩壁4层土壤的饱和渗透试验并结合数字图像处理技术,研究了干湿循环效应下崩壁4层土的裂隙演化规律及其对各层土饱和渗透性能的影响。结果表明:(1)随干湿循环次数的增加,表土层和红土层裂隙发育明显,裂隙率逐渐增加后趋于稳定,过渡层和砂土层几乎没有产生裂隙;表土层在第3次循环后裂隙几乎发育完全,裂隙率达到3.50%,形态纤细且破碎,而红土层在第1次循环后裂隙骨架基本定型,随着干湿循环的进行,裂隙宽度不断增大至一定程度时不再发生变化;(2)4层土壤渗透系数大小为砂土层>过渡层>红土层>表土层,表土层和红土层渗透系数随干湿循环的进行逐渐增加后趋于稳定,过渡层一直比较稳定,砂土层逐渐减小后趋于稳定;(3)土壤裂隙率与渗透系数之间存在二次函数关系,裂隙发育对土壤渗透性能的影响先增大后减小。研究结果可为降雨入渗-重分布下崩壁失稳机理研究提供科学依据。 相似文献
10.
干湿循环对崩岗不同层次土体无侧限抗压强度的影响 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
针对发育于花岗岩出露区的崩岗土体易受干湿循环影响导致大量崩壁失稳等问题,通过开展一系列室内无侧限抗压强度试验,研究崩岗不同层次土体在干湿循环作用下无侧限抗压强度的变化规律,并且建立了在崩岗不同层次土体深度比和干湿循环次数共同影响下的无侧限抗压强度模型。结果表明:表土层、红土层、斑纹层、碎屑层在第1次干湿循环后无侧限抗压强度衰减幅度最大,分别为26%,15%,40%和49%;在第2~4次干湿循环后无侧限抗压强度衰减幅度逐渐减小;在第5次干湿循环后无侧限抗压强度基本保持不变;随着干湿循环次数的增加,崩岗不同层次土体无侧限抗压强度总体表现为表土层红土层斑纹层碎屑层;在不同干湿循环次数下,崩岗不同层次土体的应力—应变曲线总体上呈应变软化型且应变为2%时达到峰值,但红土层在3次干湿循环时的应力—应变关系曲线局部波动性较强;无侧限抗压强度模型中预测值与实测值之间具有显著(R2=0.91)的相关关系,该模型在预测干湿循环对通城地区崩岗不同层次土体无侧限抗压强度影响中具有较高的应用价值。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
15.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
16.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
17.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
18.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
19.
Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells. 相似文献
20.
Yoav Bashan Bernardo Salazar Ma. Esther Puente Macario Bacilio Robert Linderman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,45(6):585-594
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse
trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus
were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB;
the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons
reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened
later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons
growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants,
no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi,
enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant.
In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after
30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination
only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity
to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as
compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it. 相似文献