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为探讨体外受精早期胚胎的最佳体外培养体系,将从屠宰牛卵巢上获取的卵母细胞进行体外成熟培养、体外受精后获取的早期胚胎,分别用TCM199和mSOFaa与牛卵泡颗粒细胞和牛输卵管上皮细胞进行共培养。结果表明：TCM199和mSOFaa均能使体外受精胚胎突破8～16细胞期的发育阻断,但是囊胚发育率仅为14.3%和15.5%,差异不显著;胚胎与牛卵泡颗粒细胞和牛输卵管上皮细胞进行共培养能够使胚胎的囊胚发育率达到30.2%和33.5%,差异不显著。 相似文献
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将2469枚经体外成熟、体外受精后获得的牛早期胚胎(2～8细胞阶段)随机放入7组不同日龄(分别预培养0～9天)的牛卵泡颗粒细胞单层细胞滴中进行“复合”培养,然后观察这些胚胎在体外培养条件下继续发育至囊胚和孵化囊胚阶段能力的差异。结果随单层细胞预培养时间的延长(0～4天内),牛早期胚胎的囊胚发育率、发育速度及囊胚胎孵化率均呈逐渐升高的趋势;尔后,培养效果又稍有下降。经统计学检验,各组间囊胚发育率(31.7～39.2%)和囊胚孵化率(61.1～72.6%)及7日龄囊胚发育比率(41.8～58.5%)均无显著差异(P>0.05)。这表明,利用不同预培养时间(0～6天)的颗粒细胞单层与牛早期胚胎“复合”培养,都同样具有促进胚胎在体外条件下发育到囊胚和孵化囊胚阶段的能力,但以使用预培养2～4天单层细胞进行“复合”培养效果较佳。 相似文献
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添加不同发情时期山羊血清对牛胚胎体外发育的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了提高牛体外胚胎囊胚发育率,添加不同发情时期山羊血清对牛胚胎进行体外培养。分别采集发情周期D0、D2、D4和D7山羊血清（发情当天为D0）,灭活除菌备用。结果表明不同发情时期羊血清对孤紫激活胚胎孵裂率影响差异不显著,囊胚发育率分别为29.5%、32.4%、33.9%和41.3%,D7血清能显著提高囊胚发育率（P＜0.05）,且扩张和孵化胚出现较早。添加D0血清体外受精胚胎卵裂率较高,但对囊胚发育率影响差异不显著。说明孤紫激活和体外受精胚胎发育有差异,D7血清对胚胎后期发育有利。受精胚无血清培养3d后添加D7血清,囊胚发育率为42.9%,是较为理想的培养方法。 相似文献
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经体外成熟、孤雌激活和培养获得猪胚胎,研究了不同培养体系、共培养体细胞和序贯培养对猪孤雌激活胚胎发育的影响。试验表明:孤雌激活卵母细胞在SOF 10?S培养体系中分裂效果最好,添加胎牛血清的NCSU-23和颗粒细胞对胚胎发育有促进作用,培养6d后发育到桑囊胚的比率增加(P<0.05)。在序贯培养的前3d,SOF培养基(不含葡萄糖)和颗粒细胞对胚胎的发育有促进作用,分裂率(P<0.05)和突破4细胞阻滞的数目显著增加,在培养的后3d,添加胎牛血清的NCSU-23和输卵管上皮细胞能支持较多胚胎发育到桑囊胚,桑囊胚的发育率为(59.5±3.2)%(P<0.05)。结果表明,SOF培养基和颗粒细胞 添加胎牛血清的NCSU-23和输卵管上皮细胞的序贯培养系统能较好的促进胚胎的发育。 相似文献
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共培养系统的体细胞类型和状态对猪胚胎早期发育的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
经体外成熟、受精和培养获得猪胚胎 ,采用体细胞共培养研究了体细胞类型和状态对胚胎早期发育的影响。取体外成熟的不同直径卵泡 (>5 m m,2～ 5 mm)卵母细胞的卵丘团 (颗粒细胞团 ) ,培养铺层后与猪受精卵共培养 ,组间受精卵的卵裂率和发育能力无显著差异 ;根据卵巢的状况对猪输卵管上皮细胞 (POECs)的状态进行分组 ,受精卵和卵巢表面布满卵泡的 POECs共培养 ,卵裂率显著低于卵巢表面有黄体和 /或红体的 POECs共培养组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,虽然各组间 3～ 4-细胞的发育率无显著差异 ,但卵巢表面有红体和卵泡的 POECs共培养组的 >4-细胞的发育率显著高于卵巢表面布满卵泡的 POECs共培养组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;受精卵在共培养系统和非共培养系统中的卵裂率无显著差异 ,受精卵非共培养系统中 3～ 4-细胞的发育能力显著低于颗粒细胞共培养组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,极显著低于 POECs共培养组 (P<0 .0 1) ,无能力突破 4-细胞继续发育 ,与颗粒细胞单层、POECs单层共培养的受精卵 >4-细胞的发育率分别为 2 4.0 %、5 3.8% ,差异显著 (P<0 .0 5 )。结果表明 ,共培养系统对胚胎体外发育的作用 ,一方面与体细胞类型有关 ,另一方面也受输卵管上皮细胞状态的影响 相似文献
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奶牛体外受精胚胎的不同培养方法对比试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以屠宰场奶牛卵巢为试验材料，研究体外、体内培养法对体外受精胚胎发育的影响。①体外受精胚胎分别在加输卵管上皮细胞单层和颗粒细胞单层（2×106个/ml）的体外培养体系的培养液中培养与临时受体绵羊体内培养对比试验。结果显示：在培养的第8 d囊胚发育率无显著差异，体外培养体系囊胚形成主要集中在第8 d（受精日为第0 d）。体内培养体系囊胚的形成多数在第7 d。加体细胞的体外培养体系与体内培养法囊胚生成率无显著差异，但却显著好于不加体细胞的简单体外培养法。②进行2种方法生产的胚胎的程序冷冻、解冻敏感性试验。结果显示：体内培养法和普通体外法生产的胚胎解冻后存活率（90%；60%）和囊胚孵化率(85.7%；44.4%)存在极显著差异（P<0.01）。 相似文献
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山羊胚胎体外培养条件的优化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为优化山羊胚胎体外培养条件,本试验比较了含有3种不同来源血清（优质胎牛血清、发情山羊血清、前列腺素（PG）处理后发情山羊血清）的M199对卵母细胞成熟效果的影响,成熟率分别为65.95%、49.2%、76.47%,差异极显著（P＜0.01）;本试验还分别采用了SOFaa、CR1aa+输卵管上皮细胞共培养,以及改进的DMEM/F12发育体系培养受精卵,结果发现,SOFaa、CR1aa+输卵管上皮细胞的发育培养系统得到的囊胚率为29.62%、24.73%,差异不显著(P＞0.05),改进的DMEM/F12发育液囊胚率最高为48.42%,差异极显著（P＜0.01）。 相似文献
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奶牛体外受精胚胎的不同培养方法对比试验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以屠宰场奶牛卵巢为试验材料,研究体外、体内培养法对体外受精胚胎发育的影响。(1)体外受精胚胎在体外培养体系是否加输卵管上皮细胞单层(颗粒细胞单层)(2×106个/mL)的培养液中培养与临时受体绵羊体内培养对比试验。结果显示:在培养的第8天囊胚发育率无显著差异,体外培养体系囊胚形成主要集中在第8天(受精日为第0天)。体内培养体系囊胚的形成多数在第7天。加体细胞的体外培养体系与体内培养法囊胚生成率无显著差异,但却显著好于不加体细胞的简单体外培养法。(2)进行两种方法生产胚胎的程序冷冻、解冻敏感性试验。结果显示:体内培养法和普通体外法生产的胚胎解冻后存活率(90%、60%)和囊胚孵化率(85.7%、44.4%)存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献