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1.
逆境胁迫影响茶树生长发育及茶叶品质,ASR(abscisic acid,stress,ripening-induced)基因在植物抗逆响应中具有重要功能。本研究以龙井43品种茶树为材料,从中克隆了CsASR基因的全长cDNA序列、基因组序列及其启动子序列,分析了该基因的生物信息学特征及在组织间和不同胁迫处理下的表达模式。结果显示,CsASR的cDNA序列全长875 bp,含有546 bp的ORF序列,编码181个氨基酸,蛋白质分子量19.89 kD,理论等电点5.69;CsASR蛋白结构序列中74.5%的序列为无序结构,是一种无序蛋白;CsASR的C-端含有ABA/WDS功能结构域,主要定位于细胞质和细胞核中;茶树CsASR与海枣的ASR相似性最高,为87%,而在进化树中与枣的关系最近。CsASR基因含2个外显子,第1个外显子长363 bp,第2个外显子长183 bp,内含子较大为2 750 bp,内含子中含7种简单重复序列和2种DNA转座子序列。克隆获得起始密码子ATG上游2 554 bp的启动子区序列,该启动子上含有干旱、低温、高温以及ABA等相关的顺式作用元件。CsASR在根中的表达量最低;ABA抑制CsASR的表达,而干旱、NaCl和低温胁迫能够显著上调CsASR的表达。表明CsASR基因可能与茶树抗逆密切相关。 相似文献
2.
促丝裂原蛋白活化激酶(MAPK)是一类保守的丝氨酸/苏氨酸(Ser/Thr)蛋白激酶,是一类植物对逆境胁迫反应途径中的关键家族基因。本研究利用已经构建的花生种子全长cDNA文库,以拟南芥MAPK序列为模板,结合大规模EST测序和RACE克隆等方法,从花生中克隆得到了一个MAPK基因,命名为AhMAPK6a,并在GenBank上注册,注册号为KP329549。其cDNA序列全长1492bp,开放阅读框(ORF)含有1191bp,编码一条含有397个氨基酸的蛋白序列。不同物种中MAPK基因的氨基酸序列比对发现,该基因含有典型的Ser/Thr保守基序,与拟南芥、大豆、本生烟的同源性分别为86%、94%和90%。不同组织部位的荧光定量(qPCR)分析表明,该基因在叶片中的表达量最高,其次在根中,在茎、花、子叶和下胚轴中的表达量极低,表明该基因可能在花生的根和叶的生长发育中发挥较大作用。在脱落酸(ABA)和聚乙二醇(PEG)胁迫下,表达量发生明显变化,可以推测该基因在干旱胁迫反应中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
3.
胚胎发育晚期丰富蛋白(LEA)是一个小的高亲水性的蛋白家族,该蛋白家族在逆境胁迫下大量积累,保护植物免受逆境胁迫。LEA蛋白可分为7组,其中重复的11-氨基酸基序是第3组LEA蛋白的特征。为深入分析第3组LEA蛋白在小麦响应逆境胁迫中的作用机制,利用芯片技术从小麦表达谱中筛选出一个渗透胁迫诱导表达的第3组LEA蛋白基因TaLEAsm,然后根据该基因序列设计引物筛选石麦15的BAC文库,获得1个含有该基因的BAC单克隆,以该BAC单克隆质粒为模板,通过BAC延伸测序克隆了TaLEAsm基因及其启动子序列,并对TaLEAsm序列特征、表达模式和启动子功能进行了初步分析。结果表明,TaLEAsm基因序列仅含有1个105bp的内含子,其开放读码框长675bp,编码224个氨基酸。TaLEAsm含有10个11-氨基酸重复序列,属于第3组LEA蛋白。低温、高盐和渗透胁迫均诱导TaLEAsm基因上调表达,但在根和叶中表达模式不同。在TaLEAsm基因起始密码子上游1 500bp序列中,预测含有14个逆境响应顺式元件。在拟南芥中,TaLEAsm基因启动子能够启动GUS基因表达,渗透胁迫诱导GUS基因明显上调表达。以上结果表明,TaLEAsm为小麦脱水响应基因,其启动子为渗透胁迫诱导启动子。 相似文献
4.
低温、高盐和干旱等非生物胁迫严重影响花生的生长和产量,而花生中有关非生物胁迫的研究及抗性基因的挖掘较少。胚胎发育晚期丰富蛋白(Late embryogenesis abundant,LEA)是一类亲水性蛋白,其功能主要是参与调控植物应答脱水相关的非生物胁迫包括耐盐、抗旱和抗冻等。本研究以花生品种花育33号为试验材料,根据cDNA文库中已知的胚胎发育晚期丰富蛋白基因全长序列设计引物,通过RT-PCR克隆到该基因。该基因全长为555bp,开放阅读框为291bp,编码97个氨基酸。核苷酸序列比对表明,该基因与花生中已注册基因AhARG2(XM_016113504)同源性为100%,与AhLEA6-1(HM543588)同源性为99%。蛋白序列比对分析表明,该基因编码的蛋白与Genbank上已经注册的沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)、牧豆树(Prosopis juliflora)和柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii)等植物中的胚胎发育晚期丰富蛋白同源性达到近65%。我们将该基因命名为AhLEAL(Arachis hypogaea Late Embryogenesis Abundant Like)。预测该基因编码的蛋白可能定位于细胞液、线粒体、内质网和叶绿体中。荧光定量PCR结果显示,AhLEAL在花生叶片和根中的表达受低温和高盐胁迫的强烈诱导,在根中受干旱胁迫的强烈诱导,说明该基因可能参与了花生对三种非生物胁迫的适应性调控;此外,AhLEAL在花生叶片和根中的表达也明显受ABA的诱导,说明该基因对花生逆境胁迫的调控可能是以依赖ABA的方式进行的。 相似文献
5.
细胞色素P450是一种多功能氧化酶,在植物体内担当着生物合成、代谢解毒以及抗逆等重要功能。本研究采用RACE方法从普通小麦中同源克隆到一个新的P450基因,命名为TaP450(Genbank No.KJ541960)。该基因基因组序列全长为2 643bp,含有2个外显子和1个内含子,cDNA全长为2 033bp,含有一个1 557bp的开放读码框,推导蛋白含518个氨基酸;序列分析发现其具有保守的P450结构域,但该蛋白与已报道的小麦P450蛋白序列有较大差异,表明它是小麦P450家族的新成员;蛋白结构特征分析发现,该蛋白的分子量为57.092kD,等电点为8.63,N端具有一个含29个氨基酸的跨膜结构和一个含22个氨基酸的信号肽,亚细胞定位分析表明该蛋白属于分泌蛋白。其在小麦叶片、茎、根与种子中均有表达,但在叶片和茎中表达量最高;在胁迫处理下,该基因的表达量均上调,且在盐胁迫处理下上调尤为显著,表明该基因与盐胁迫密切相关。 相似文献
6.
通过随机克隆测序法从香蕉根系c DNA文库中获得海藻糖合成酶基因,命名为MaTPS4,全长c DNA序列为2 930 bp,含一个完整的开放阅读框2 574 bp,编码857个氨基酸。生物学信息分析表明,MaTPS4蛋白属于不稳定、疏水性蛋白,pI5.59,结构域TPS和TPP。序列预测分析表明,MaTPS4蛋白定位于细胞质中,具有3个跨膜区域,不存在信号肽。与其他已知植物TPS氨基酸序列同源比对,同源性达到84.90%;进化关系分析表明,香蕉MaTPS4氨基酸与银杏TPS氨基酸序列(AAX16014.1)聚为一类,二者亲缘关系较近,同源性为99%。器官特异性分析表明,MaTPS4在香蕉根系、球茎、假茎、叶、花、果实各器官中均有表达,其中球茎、假茎、叶片和花中表达量较大,根及果实中表达量极少。q RT-PCR分析表明,MaTPS4在根系中的表达经干旱、盐胁迫后均增强,其中盐胁迫24 h时MaTPS4表达量较0 h时高5倍;冷胁迫下,MaTPS4表达量增加,并随时间延长下降,在6 h达到最大;ABA胁迫下,MaTPS4表达量增加,为0 h的5倍;在ACC和Foc TR4胁迫下,MaTPS4表达无变化。因此,MaTPS4可能通过依赖ABA途径调控抗逆胁迫相关基因表达,提高植株对非生物胁迫的抗逆性。 相似文献
7.
为给深入研究Ta DHN2基因在小麦抗旱机制中的作用机理奠定基础,并为进一步丰富小麦DHN基因研究内容提供参考,本研究通过筛选石麦15基因组BAC文库和BAC克隆测序方法克隆了Ta DHN2基因及其启动子,并对Ta DHN2基因序列特征、表达模式和启动子功能等进行了分析和探讨。结果表明,Ta DHN2基因含有1个88 bp的内含子,开放读码框长为696 bp,编码1个含有231个氨基酸的脱水素蛋白。Ta DHN2蛋白具有Y-segment、S-segment和K-segment结构域,属于YSK2类型脱水素蛋白。此外,该蛋白含有明显的核定位信号序列S-segment和基序RRKK。Ta DHN2基因受渗透胁迫诱导表达,在根和叶中表达模式类似,叶中表达量显著高于根中。Ta DHN2基因启动子序列长为2 025 bp,预测含有9个脱水响应顺式元件。在转基因拟南芥中,Ta DHN2基因启动子能够启动GUS基因表达,并在渗透胁迫下诱导GUS基因上调表达。以上结果说明,Ta DHN2基因为脱水响应基因,其启动子为渗透胁迫强诱导启动子。 相似文献
8.
小桐子转录因子JcZAT10基因的分离与低温表达分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国油料作物学报》2017,(6)
利用RT-PCR技术克隆小桐子C2H2型锌指蛋白ZAT10转录因子基因c DNA序列,命名为Jc ZAT10,并对其基因结构、功能结构域、系统进化及差异表达进行了分析。结果表明,小桐子Jc ZAT10基因开放阅读框全长753bp,编码250个氨基酸,推测蛋白分子量为26.7k Da,理论等电点为8.45,并鉴定到两个锌指结构域、核定位信号序列以及富Leu保守基序。系统进化分析显示,Jc ZAT10与同属大戟科的蓖麻亲缘关系最近,序列一致性为79.6%。qRT-PCR分析表明,小桐子Jc ZAT10基因存在组织表达特异性,在茎中表达量较高,而在叶片中表达量较低,但在叶片与根中受低温诱导表达,且都在低温胁迫3h时达到最大表达量。本研究为进一步对Jc ZAT10基因进行功能验证以及其在低温信号转导中的机制研究提供了依据。 相似文献
9.
茶树CsANS基因及其启动子的克隆与生物信息学分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用RACE技术,获得茶树武夷奇种C18叶片花青素合成途径中的花青素合成酶(ANS)基因的c DNA全长序列。采用染色体步移技术获得该基因的启动子序列。采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测该基因在不同遮光处理下的表达动态。结果表明,Cs ANS全长c DNA为1 000 bp,其中ORF(Open Reading Frame)为957 bp,编码320个氨基酸,含有DIOX-N和20G-Fell-Oxy保守功能结构域;分离得到Cs ANS基因上游调控序列1 010bp,其含启动子核心元件TATA-box及ACE、GT1-motif、Sp1(光响应元件)、circadian(生物钟相关元件)等与花青素合成途径相关的重要顺式作用元件。荧光定量PCR分析表明,该基因在全光照处理(CK)时表达量较高,75%遮光时表达量较低。说明该基因的表达受光照强弱的控制。 相似文献
10.
通过在大豆基因组数据库中检索拟南芥AtMP(ARF5)在大豆中的同源基因,获得了GmMP基因序列。对GmMP基因编码的氨基酸序列及启动子序列进行生物信息学分析,结果表明:GmMP基因CDS序列全长2 802 bp,编码933个氨基酸。GmMP编码的蛋白为疏水性蛋白。结构域分析表明:GmMP含有B3和AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR结构域,同时该基因是ARF家族的成员。GmMP预测的启动子区域含有与激素、胁迫、光应答、生物钟调控和转录因子结合相关的顺式作用元件。系统进化分析表明MP在豆科植物进化过程中比较保守。组织特异性表达分析结果显示GmMP在叶片中表达量最低,在茎尖中表达量最高,推测其可能参与生长素的代谢途径。 相似文献
11.
Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
12.
Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from
the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch
were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics
investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules. 相似文献
13.
种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):313-324
Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer. 相似文献
15.
ZHU Mingdong WEI Xiangjin XIE Hongjun TANG Guohua ZENG Xiaoshan WANG Jianlong HU Peisong YU Yinghong 《中国水稻科学》2019,33(5):401-406
Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry. 相似文献
16.
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
17.
Combined nitrogen and sulphur fertilisation and its effect on wheat quality and protein composition measured by SE-FPLC and proteomics 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
N.E.S. Flte K. Hollung L. Ruud T. Sogn E.M. Frgestad H.J. Skarpeid E.M. Magnus A.K. Uhlen 《Journal of Cereal Science》2005,41(3):357-369
Soil sulphur deficiency, which is increasingly prevalent in Western Europe, lowers wheat yields, and also affects the gluten quality of the flour. Differences in S availability may change the proportion of S-poor to S-rich gliadins and glutenin subunits. This may cause unpredictable and unwanted variations in wheat quality. The combined effects of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) fertilisers and split application of S and N on wheat gluten quality and composition were investigated. The results revealed effects of S fertilisation on dough quality. At high N fertilisation levels significant responses to S fertilisation were found which emphasised the need for precision application of S in intensive wheat production systems. Protein fractionation by SE-FPLC showed that quality differences were associated with changing proportions of high Mr polymeric proteins. Changes in protein composition of salt soluble proteins were also confirmed by proteomics. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and one of the serpin protein spots increased at high N, combined with the lower S level. The enzymes also increased in samples with increased S fertilisation combined with low N, but was not changed at higher N levels. Furthermore, at high N the serpin protein spot, and also a 27 K protein and one unidentified protein spot decreased with increasing S. 相似文献
18.
通过比较分析芸薹属多倍体复合种与其祖先二倍体基本种在花柱、柱头大小、角果长度、宽度、种子直径 及种子干重变化上的异同,发现多倍体复合种在这些发育性状上表现出处于两个祖先二倍体亲本之间,或只偏向 于其中一个祖先亲本。同一个多倍体品种在不同发育性状上具有不同的表现,即在某一发育性状上偏向于其祖先 亲本之一,而在另一发育性状上偏向其另一祖先亲本。 相似文献
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Effects of crop density and tillage system on grain yield and N uptake from soil and atmosphere of sole and intercropped pea and oat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) were grown as sole and mixed crops in various densities under two different tillage systems on a loess soil near Göttingen/Germany in a 2-year field experiment (2002/2003). In the conventional tillage system a mouldboard plough (CT) was used and in the minimum tillage system a rotary harrow (MT) was employed. The effect of crop density and tillage system on the grain dry matter and grain N yields, N2 fixation and soil N uptake were determined to address the following questions: (i) which mixture compositions exhibit the highest grain yields compared to the sole crops, (ii) which mixture compositions also fix a high level of N2 and leave low levels of residual inorganic soil N after harvest, and (iii) whether the intercrop advantage is influenced by the tillage system. For (i) the result in 2002 showed that the highest grain yields of both sole cropped pea and oat and intercropped pea and oat were achieved at the highest densities. In 2003, when the inorganic soil N content was higher and weather conditions were warmer and drier, grain yields were significantly higher than in 2002, but sole as well as intercropped pea and oat gave their highest grain yields at lower densities. For both years and tillage systems, the highest intercrop advantages were achieved in mixtures with densities above the optimal sole crop densities. The result for (ii) was that a distinctly higher proportion of nitrogen was derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) by intercropped pea than by sole cropped pea. However, the uptake of soil N by intercropped pea and oat was not reduced in comparison with that of sole cropped oat as the decrease in the uptake of N from the soil by oat at lower oat densities in the mixture was compensated for by the soil N uptake of pea. Additionally, the Nmin-N content of the soil following the mixtures and sole cropped oat did not differ, especially in the deeper soil layers because oat in mixture was forced to take up more soil N from deeper layers. Therefore, the risk of soil N losses through leaching after mixtures was lower compared to sole cropped pea. The tillage system (iii) had no significant influence on grain yield and soil N uptake, but N2 fixation and the competitive ability of intercropped pea were higher under CT than with MT. An additional result was that intercropping led to a significantly increased grain N content of both pea and oat compared to the sole crops. The increase in grain N content from sole to intercrop was from 3.30 to 3.42% for pea and from 1.73 to 1.96% for oat as a mean for both years and tillage systems. The present study confirms that growing pea and oat as intercrops highlights potential economic and environmental benefits which still need to be understood in more detail in order to exploit intercropping to a greater extent. 相似文献