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1.
半滑舌鳎食欲素A体外重组表达及活性分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了在蛋白水平上认识半滑舌鳎食欲素A(orexin A)的摄食调控作用及机制,利用原核表达载体pET32a成功构建了重组半滑舌鳎orexin A/pET32a质粒,转化至大肠杆菌BL21后经IPTG诱导获得了N端含6个组氨酸的半滑舌鳎orexinA重组蛋白。获得的重组蛋白大小为24.9 ku,32℃下用1.0 mmol/L的IPTG诱导6 h目的蛋白表达量最高,占菌体总蛋白的52.8%,并主要分泌在上清液中。Western blotting免疫印迹表明,获得的orexin A重组蛋白可被6×His抗体特异性识别。Ni~(2+)-NTA亲和层析柱纯化获得了高纯度的半滑舌鳎orexin A重组蛋白。下丘脑离体孵育实验表明,获得的orexin A重组蛋白能显著影响半滑舌鳎下丘脑NPY mRNA,orexin mRNA的表达水平和NPY肽的分泌,表明获得的重组蛋白具有生物活性。研究结果可为探究orexin A在半滑舌鳎摄食代谢中的作用机制及研制高效绿色的促摄食制剂提供基础资料。 相似文献
2.
半滑舌鳎食欲素B的体外重组制备与生物活性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了认识食欲素(orexin)编码的多肽orexin B对半滑舌鳎摄食的调控作用及机制,利用原核表达载体p ET-32a成功构建了重组半滑舌鳎orexin B/pET-32a质粒,转化至大肠杆菌BL21后,经IPTG诱导获得了N端含6个组氨酸分子标签的orexin B重组蛋白。重组蛋白大小为21.14 ku,在温度37°C条件下以1.0 mmol/L的IPTG诱导6 h的orexin B重组蛋白表达量最高,占菌体总蛋白的43.5%,并主要分泌于上清液中。Western blotting免疫印迹表明,获得的orexin B重组蛋白可被6×His抗体特异性识别。Ni~(2+)-NTA亲和层析柱纯化可获得高纯度的半滑舌鳎orexin B重组蛋白。离体孵育实验表明,orexin B重组蛋白能促进下丘脑神经肽Y(NPY肽)的分泌和NPY,orexin mRNA的表达,表明获得的重组蛋白在激素和基因水平上调控下丘脑摄食相关神经肽的表达,具有明显的生物活性。研究结果可为半滑舌鳎orexin B蛋白的批量制备及高效促食生物制剂的研制提供技术支撑。 相似文献
3.
为在蛋白水平认识半滑舌鳎类胰岛素生长因子Ⅱ(IGF-Ⅱ)的生理功能,将IGF-Ⅱ成熟肽序列克隆到原核表达载体pET-28a中,成功构建了重组半滑舌鳎IGF-Ⅱ/pET28a质粒,导入到E. coli BL21(DE3)菌株后经IPTG诱导,获得了大小为11.4 kDa的重组IGF-Ⅱ蛋白,N端含6个组氨酸,可特异性地被6×His抗体识别。重组IGF-Ⅱ蛋白在最优诱导条件37℃诱导2 h,目的蛋白表达量占重组表达菌总蛋白的43.7%,重组蛋白主要以包涵体存在。将获得的重组蛋白包涵体经变性、纯化和复性后,获得了纯化的IGF-Ⅱ重组蛋白,其可在体外显著促进人乳腺癌MDA231细胞的增殖,表明IGF-Ⅱ重组蛋白具有体外细胞水平的生物活性。本研究结果可为认识鱼类IGF-Ⅱ生理功能及半滑舌鳎生长调控机制提供理论支撑。 相似文献
4.
根据半滑舌鳎黑色素聚集激素(MCH1)的c DNA序列设计特异性引物扩增成熟肽片段,利用原核表达载体p ET-32a成功构建了重组MCH1/p ET32a质粒,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)后经IPTG诱导可产生N端含6个组氨酸的重组蛋白。半滑舌鳎MCH1重组蛋白大小为29.9 ku,32°C条件下以0.2 mmol/L IPTG诱导6 h时目的蛋白表达量最高,占菌体总蛋白的49.8%。Western blotting免疫印迹表明,MCH1重组蛋白可被6×His抗体特异性识别。经Ni2+-NTA亲和柱纯化,可获得高纯度的MCH1重组蛋白。采用垂体离体孵育方法测试蛋白活性,MCH1重组蛋白可有效刺激或抑制垂体MCH和MSH肽的分泌,MCH肽水平先上升后下降,在100 nmol/L达到峰值,MSH肽水平显著升高。随着外源MCH1重组蛋白浓度的增加,垂体MCH1和MCH2 m RNA表达都呈现先上升后下降的趋势,POMCa和PACAP m RNA表达都呈现明显下降趋势,而POMC-b、MCHR1、MCHR2、MITF基本没有变化,表明获得的半滑舌鳎MCH1重组蛋白具有调节垂体激素分泌和基因表达的生理功能。本研究可为研制半滑舌鳎无眼侧黑化调控的专用生物制剂提供理论与技术依据。 相似文献
5.
根据半滑舌鳎lepa和lepb编码氨基酸序列合成开放阅读框ORF肽段。利用原核表达载体pEQ30成功构建了半滑舌鳎lepa/pQE30和lepb/pQE30重组质粒,分别转化至大肠杆菌M15后,经IPTG诱导获得了N端含6个组氨酸的半滑舌鳎LepA和LepB重组蛋白。获得的重组蛋白大小均为16 ku,37°C下用0.5 mmol/L的IPTG诱导4 h后目的蛋白表达量最高,主要以包涵体形式存在。检测半滑舌鳎LepA和LepB重组蛋白浓度分别为0.3和0.25 mg/mL。Western blot免疫印迹和质谱分析表明,获得的LepA和LepB重组蛋白均具有免疫活性且序列正确。Ni2+-NTA亲和层析柱纯化可获得高纯度的半滑舌鳎LepA和LepB重组蛋白。离体孵育实验表明,获得的半滑舌鳎LepA和LepB重组蛋白能显著抑制半滑舌鳎下丘脑lepa、lepb和gnrh3 mRNA的表达水平,表明获得的重组蛋白具有明显的生物活性。研究结果可为探究leptin在半滑舌鳎生长发育中的调控机制提供重要参考。 相似文献
6.
根据已克隆的半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)生长激素(GH)基因和生长激素受体Ⅰ(GHR-Ⅰ)基因的cDNA序列信息设计引物,用于扩增半滑舌鳎GH、GHR-Ⅰ基因序列。随后,分别利用表达载体pET-32a和pGEX-6P-1成功构建了包含半滑舌鳎GH、GHR-Ⅰ基因ORF全序列及不同ORF片段的6个重组质粒,并将获得的重组质粒在表达宿主菌大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21(DE3)中,用IPTG诱导表达。SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示:重组GH的pET-32a-CSGH质粒在40 kD处有特异性的蛋白条带,重组GHR-Ⅰ胞内区的pGEX-6P-1-CSGHR1-2质粒在70 kD处发现诱导的蛋白条带,其表达量分别占细胞蛋白总量的37.6%和20.2%;而构建的pGEX-6P-1-CSGH重组质粒和含有GHR-Ⅰ基因跨膜区的重组质粒(pET-32a-CSGHR1-1、pET-32a-CSGHR1-2和pGEX-6P-1-CSGHR1-1)均未获得表达产物。由此可见,半滑舌鳎GHR-Ⅰ基因的跨膜区可能影响其在大肠杆菌中的表达。研究结果为实现半滑舌鳎GH、GHR-Ⅰ制剂的开发及应用于养殖生产实践奠定基础。 相似文献
7.
《渔业科学进展》2015,(4)
为在蛋白水平认识半滑舌鳎类胰岛素生长因子Ⅱ(IGF-Ⅱ)的生理功能,将IGF-Ⅱ成熟肽序列克隆到原核表达载体p ET-28a中,成功构建了重组半滑舌鳎IGF-Ⅱ/p ET28a质粒,导入到E.coli BL21(DE3)菌株后经IPTG诱导,获得了大小为11.4 k Da的重组IGF-Ⅱ蛋白,N端含6个组氨酸,可特异性地被6×His抗体识别。重组IGF-Ⅱ蛋白在最优诱导条件37℃诱导2 h,目的蛋白表达量占重组表达菌总蛋白的43.7%,重组蛋白主要以包涵体存在。将获得的重组蛋白包涵体经变性、纯化和复性后,获得了纯化的IGF-Ⅱ重组蛋白,其可在体外显著促进人乳腺癌MDA231细胞的增殖,表明IGF-Ⅱ重组蛋白具有体外细胞水平的生物活性。本研究结果可为认识鱼类IGF-Ⅱ生理功能及半滑舌鳎生长调控机制提供理论支撑。 相似文献
8.
通过对半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)进行全基因组及转录组测序,预测了一个半滑舌鳎性别相关基因CSFR2,目前已对该基因进行了克隆和表达分析。为进一步研究CSFR2基因的功能,本研究从蛋白层面入手,构建了原核表达载体p ET-32a-CSFR2,转化到大肠杆菌E.coli进行诱导表达,用His Trap进行蛋白纯化,SDS-PAGE电泳检测诱导及纯化产物,并将表达纯化的CSFR2蛋白注射1龄半滑舌鳎精巢。由于CSFR2是一个性别相关基因,因此无法通过免疫反应来直接检测其蛋白活性,本研究通过不同时间点取样检测半滑舌鳎其他性别相关基因Cyp19a和Foxl2的表达量变化,来间接反应CSFR2蛋白的活性及功能。实验结果显示,重组蛋白能够进入到活体细胞内并发挥一定作用,在6–72 h内对性别相关基因Cyp19a和Foxl2的表达有上调作用,说明CSFR2蛋白具有生物活性,并能调节其他性别相关基因的表达量,间接促进雄激素转化为雌激素。本研究进一步了解CSFR2基因在半滑舌鳎性别决定与分化中的作用,可为半滑舌鳎性别控制提供理论依据,在人工诱导鱼类性逆转方面有重要应用价值。此外,本研究为蛋白活性验证提供了一种新方法。 相似文献
9.
《渔业科学进展》2015,(2)
通过对半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)进行全基因组及转录组测序,预测了一个半滑舌鳎性别相关基因CSFR2,目前已对该基因进行了克隆和表达分析。为进一步研究CSFR2基因的功能,本研究从蛋白层面入手,构建了原核表达载体p ET-32a-CSFR2,转化到大肠杆菌E.coli进行诱导表达,用His Trap进行蛋白纯化,SDS-PAGE电泳检测诱导及纯化产物,并将表达纯化的CSFR2蛋白注射1龄半滑舌鳎精巢。由于CSFR2是一个性别相关基因,因此无法通过免疫反应来直接检测其蛋白活性,本研究通过不同时间点取样检测半滑舌鳎其他性别相关基因Cyp19a和Foxl2的表达量变化,来间接反应CSFR2蛋白的活性及功能。实验结果显示,重组蛋白能够进入到活体细胞内并发挥一定作用,在6–72 h内对性别相关基因Cyp19a和Foxl2的表达有上调作用,说明CSFR2蛋白具有生物活性,并能调节其他性别相关基因的表达量,间接促进雄激素转化为雌激素。本研究进一步了解CSFR2基因在半滑舌鳎性别决定与分化中的作用,可为半滑舌鳎性别控制提供理论依据,在人工诱导鱼类性逆转方面有重要应用价值。此外,本研究为蛋白活性验证提供了一种新方法。 相似文献
10.
根据半滑舌鳎HIF-1αcDNA序列设计特异性引物,从半滑舌鳎肝脏中扩增HIF-1d用于表达片段,连接至载体pMD18-T,分别以KpnⅠ和XholⅠ对含有目的基因的质粒和pET-30a进行酶切,连接并转化大肠杆菌BL21中,构建了半滑舌鳎HIF-1α原核蛋白表达载体.以IPTG进行诱导表达.表达产物通过Ni-NTA亲和层析进行纯化,免疫接种日本大耳白兔,制备了兔抗HIF-1α多克隆抗体.Western blot检测显示该多克隆抗体具有较好的特异性,能够与HIF-1α表达宿主菌蛋白特异性结合. 相似文献
11.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
12.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
13.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
14.
15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
17.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
18.
William King V David L. Berlinsky Craig V. Sullivan 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(6):489-500
Plasma estradiol-17 (E2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass. 相似文献
19.
Cardiac,ventilatory and metabolic responses of two ecologically dissimilar species of fish to waterborne cyanide 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Changes in heart rate, ventilatory activity and oxygen consumption were determined in trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) during exposure to a steadily increasing concentration of waterborne cyanide selected to produce death in 8–9 hours for each species. The lethal cyanide concentration for the bullheads was an order of magnitude higher than for trout. Trout developed an immediate and gradually increasing bradycardia throughout the exposure period. Cyanide produced tachycardia in the bullhead followed by a gradual onset of bradycardia as the concentration of cyanide was raised. Pericardial injection of atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) indicated that bradycardia in the trout was due initially to increased vagal tone but later due to the direct effect of cyanide on the heart. Hyperventilation in the trout persisted throughout the exposure period, although the rate and amplitude fluctuated and was variable between individual fish. During the last hour of exposure (highest cyanide concentration), ventilation was characterized by rapid, shallow breaths followed by a sudden respiratory arrest. The bullheads exhibited hyperventilation during the first 3 hours of exposure followed by a gradual, linear drop in ventilation rate and amplitude until death occurred. Cardiac and ventilatory responses in both species were attributed to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors by cyanide. Evidence is presented which suggests the initial response in the bullheads was due, at least in part, to gustatory stimulation by the cyanide. Oxygen consumption of the trout remained above pre-exposure levels for the majority of the test period. Oxygen consumption in the bullhead paralleled the changes in heart and ventilatory rates. Whole-body lactate levels of fingerlings of both species during cyanide exposure were measured to estimate the extent of anaerobiosis. Whole-body lactate levels were much greater in the bullheads than the trout, indicating a higher capacity for anaerobiosis, possibly due to a greater fuel supply. Overall, the trout responded to cyanide in a manner similar to that produced by environmental hypoxia whereas the bullheads experienced a gustatory stimulus which masked the hypoxia-like response. 相似文献
20.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献