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水温对施氏鲟幼鱼消化酶活力的影响 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
分别在14℃、21℃、28℃水温条件下饲养施氏鲟(Acipenser schrenckiiBrandt)幼鱼10 d,初始鱼体质量(124.20±15.12)g,体长(26.95±2.89)cm,检测不同水温条件下施氏鲟幼鱼消化器官(胃、幽门盲囊、十二指肠、瓣肠和肝脏)蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活力。结果表明:(1)幼鱼幽门盲囊、瓣肠和肝脏中蛋白酶活力均以水温21℃时最高(P<0.05),十二指肠和胃则在28℃最高(P<0.05),各消化器官蛋白酶活力均在14℃最低(P<0.05);(2)各消化器官的淀粉酶活力均在水温21℃时最高(P<0.05),幽门盲囊、瓣肠和十二指肠以水温28℃时最低(P<0.05),胃和肝脏在水温14℃时最低(P<0.05);(3)各消化器官脂肪酶活力均在水温14℃时最高,28℃时最低(P<0.05)。在水温21℃时,各消化器官蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力由大到小依次为:幽门盲囊、瓣肠、十二指肠、胃、肝脏,水温14℃时瓣肠消化蛋白质和碳水化合物能力要高于十二指肠,28℃时低于十二指肠(P<0.05);在水温14℃和21℃时各消化器官脂肪酶活力由大到小依次为:瓣肠、十二指肠、胃、肝脏、幽门盲囊,28℃时瓣肠消化脂肪能力低于十二指肠(P<0.05)。[中国水产科学,2007,14(1):126-131] 相似文献
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盐度对施氏鲟幼鱼消化酶活力的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究了盐度对施氏鲟幼鱼消化酶活力的影响.将施氏鲟(Acipenser schrenckii Brandt)幼鱼[初始体长(24.95±1.89)cm,初始体质量(117.80±16.72)g]分别在淡水(盐度0)、盐度10、盐度25条件下饲养10 d,检测不同盐度下施氏鲟幼鱼消化器官(幽门盲囊、瓣肠、十二指肠、胃和肝脏)蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活力.结果表明:(1)在相同盐度条件下,不同消化器官中同种消化酶活力高低顺序不同.在不同消化器官中蛋白酶活力(淡水和盐度25时)及淀粉酶活力(淡水时)由大到小依次为幽门盲囊、瓣肠、十二指肠、胃和肝脏;蛋白酶活力(盐度10时)及淀粉酶活力(盐度10和25时)由大到小依次为瓣肠、幽门盲囊、十二指肠、胃和肝脏;在淡水和盐度10时脂肪酶活力由大到小依次为瓣肠、十二指肠、胃、肝脏和幽门盲囊:在盐度25时脂肪酶活力由大到小依次为瓣肠、十二指肠、肝脏、胃和幽门盲囊.(2)同种消化器官中不同盐度条件下同种消化酶的活力不同.幽门盲囊、十二指肠、胃和肝脏中的蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活力均在淡水中最高(P<0.05),盐度25中最低,说明盐度对以上消化器官中3种消化酶均具有抑制作用;瓣肠中蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活力均在盐度10下最高(P<0.05),说明一定的盐度对瓣肠中3种酶具有激活作用,但盐度过高则会抑制这些酶的活性. 相似文献
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1在水温6℃、14℃、22℃下和180×60×50cm控温水族箱中,饲养初始鱼体质量11.3±0.94g的细鳞鱼Brachymystax lenok幼鱼21d,测定了幼鱼消化器官（胃、幽门盲囊、肝脏和肠）中的蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活力。结果表明：水温14℃下胃蛋白酶活性最高,其次为水温6℃时,22℃时消化酶活性最低,显著低于前2个处理组（P〈0.05）。肠中脂肪酶活性最高,显著高于胃和肝中（P〈0.05）,其次为幽门盲囊。各消化器官脂肪酶活力均在14℃时最高,其中肠和幽门盲囊中脂肪酶活力显著高于其他2个处理组。各水温条件下,幽门盲囊中淀粉酶活性最高,其次为肠。6℃时,幽门盲囊中淀粉酶活性显著高于胃和肝脏中（P〈0.05）;14℃和22℃时,幽门盲囊和肠中淀粉酶活性显著高于胃和肝脏中（P〈0.05）,胃和肝脏中差异不显著（P〉0.05）。14℃时各消化器官淀粉酶活力最高,6℃时肝脏和肠中淀粉酶活性显著低于14℃时,其它组织中各处理组间淀粉酶活力差异不显著（P〉0.05）。 相似文献
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比较研究了卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)成鱼和幼鱼阶段消化酶(蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶)在不同消化器官中的活性.结果表明:1)成鱼蛋白酶在不同消化器官中的活性大小依次为胃＞前肠＞中肠＞幽门盲囊＞后肠＞肝;淀粉酶活性为前肠＞后肠＞幽门盲囊＞中肠＞肝＞胃;脂肪酶活性为前肠＞中肠＞后肠＞幽门盲囊＞肝＞胃.2)幼鱼蛋白酶在不同消化器官中的活性大小依次为胃＞肠＞幽门盲囊＞肝;淀粉酶活性为肠＞幽门盲囊＞肝＞胃;脂肪酶活性为肠＞幽门盲囊＞肝＞胃.3)成鱼不同消化器官中蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活性均小于幼鱼,成鱼胃和幽门盲囊的淀粉酶活性与幼鱼的差异显著;幼鱼胃脂肪酶活性大于成鱼,但其他器官的活性均小于成鱼.卵形鲳鲹幼鱼不同消化器官中的3种消化酶活性大小顺序与成鱼基本相似. 相似文献
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比较研究了卯形鲳够（Trachinotus ovatus）成鱼和幼鱼阶段消化酶（蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶）在不同消化器官中的活性。结果表明：1）成鱼蛋白酶在不同消化器官中的活性大小依次为胃〉前肠〉中肠〉幽门盲囊〉后肠〉肝;淀粉酶活性为前肠〉后肠〉幽门盲囊〉中肠〉肝〉胃;脂肪酶活性为前肠〉中肠〉后肠〉幽门盲囊〉肝〉胃。2）幼鱼蛋白酶在不同消化器官中的活性大小依次为胃〉肠〉幽门盲囊〉肝;淀粉酶活性为肠〉幽门盲囊〉肝〉胃;脂肪酶活性为肠〉幽门盲囊〉肝〉胃。3）成鱼不同消化器官中蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活性均小于幼鱼,成鱼胃和幽门盲囊的淀粉酶活性与幼鱼的差异显著;幼鱼胃脂肪酶活性大于成鱼,但其他器官的活性均小于成鱼。卵形鲳鳕幼鱼不同消化器官中的3种消化酶活性大小顺序与成鱼基本相似。 相似文献
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为深入了解鰤鱼的消化生理特性,测定并比较分析了3种鰤鱼[高体鰤(Seriola dumerili)、黄条鰤(Seriola lalandi)、五条鰤(Seriola quinqueradiata)]的消化系统(胃、幽门盲囊、前肠、中肠、后肠和肝脏)中5种消化相关酶(胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶、碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶)活性与组织分布特点。结果显示,3种鰤鱼中5种消化相关酶主要分布在幽门盲囊、肝脏和肠道中。3种鰤鱼胃组织中胃蛋白酶活性无差异。幽门盲囊中胰蛋白酶活性：黄条鰤>高体鰤>五条鰤(P<0.05),高体鰤肝脏组织中胰蛋白酶活性显著高于其他2种鰤鱼(P<0.05);胃、中肠、后肠组织中α-淀粉酶活性：五条鰤>黄条鰤>高体鰤(P<0.05),幽门盲囊、前肠组织中α-淀粉酶活性：黄条鰤>五条鰤>高体鰤(P<0.05);胃、幽门盲囊组织中脂肪酶活性：黄条鰤>五条鰤>高体鰤(P<0.05),前肠、后肠、肝脏中脂肪酶活性：五条鰤>黄条鰤>高体鰤(P<0.05);3种鰤鱼的酸、碱性磷酸酶活性组织分布趋势基本一致,其中,黄条鰤幽门盲囊组织中酸、碱性磷酸酶活性最高(P<0.05)。研究表明,3种鰤鱼消化相关酶活性的组织分布特点基本一致,幽门盲囊是5种酶作用的主要靶器官,除胰蛋白酶外,高体鰤其他4种酶活性均显著低于其他2种鰤鱼,黄条鰤幽门盲囊和肠道的5种酶活性显著偏高。结果可为揭示鰤属鱼类的消化生理特性、研制适宜鰤属鱼类消化特点和种特异性生长的高效专用配合饲料提供理论依据。 相似文献
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野生与养殖哲罗鱼消化系统及消化酶的比较研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用组织学方法对野生与养殖哲罗鱼（Hucho taimen Pallas）消化系统的形态及组织结构进行比较研究,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法比较了两个群体哲罗鱼3种消化酶的相对含量。结果表明,野生与养殖哲罗鱼的消化系统在形态上存在一定差异,在组织结构上无明显差异。两个群体哲罗鱼在食道与胃酯酶相对含量上差异不显著（P〉0．05）,在肝脏与幽门盲囊酯酶相对含量上差异显著（P〈0．05）,在肠道酯酶的相对含量上差异极为显著（P〈0．01）。两个群体哲罗鱼在食道与胃淀粉酶的相对含量上差异不显著（P〉0．05）,在肝脏与肠道淀粉酶的相对含量上差异显著（P〈0．05）,在幽门盲囊淀粉酶的相对含量上差异极为显著（P〈0．01）。哲罗鱼的蛋白酶表达存在一定的pH依赖性,在体外酸性条件下（pH3）,两个群体哲罗鱼只有食道与胃有蛋白酶表达;在体外碱性条件下（pH9）,两个群体哲罗鱼只有幽门盲囊与肠道有蛋白酶表达;两种pH条件下,两个群体哲罗鱼各组织中蛋白酶的相对含量差异均不显著（P〉0．05）。两个群体哲罗鱼的消化系统结构及消化酶含量所表现出的差异与其生活环境及食物有关。[中国水产科学,2008,15（2）：330-336] 相似文献
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采用解剖和组织切片技术,对工厂化养殖条件下全程投喂人工配合饲料的豹纹鳃棘鲈(Plectropomus leopardus)消化系统形态学和组织学进行研究。豹纹鳃棘鲈的消化道由食道、胃、幽门盲囊和肠道构成,消化道管壁由粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层和浆膜层组成。食道短而粗,粘膜层向内腔突起形成纵行褶皱,上皮表层排列有杯状细胞。胃部膨大,为"Y"形,未见有杯状细胞,食道与胃的肌层均发达。幽门盲囊有3条,组织学结构与小肠相似。肠道在腹腔内呈"Z"形排列,比肠长为0.72±0.04,肠粘膜层向腔内突起形成发达的褶皱,多数形成二级褶皱,肠道各段均分布有杯状细胞。消化腺由肝胰脏和胆囊组成,肝脏分三叶,胰腺在肝脏内呈弥散性分布,胆囊呈长条状。本研究讨论了工厂化养殖条件下豹纹鳃棘鲈消化系统组织学特征与消化、吸收的关系,认为豹纹鳃棘鲈消化系统具备典型肉食性鱼类消化系统特征。 相似文献
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Activities of digestive enzymes and histology of digestive system during larval development of devil stinger (Inimicus japonicus) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Songlin Li Wen Wen Xuxiong Huang Xu Gong Longfeng Feng Naisong Chen 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(10):5394-5401
Devil stinger is a valuable demersal scorpaenid fish while the rearing of stinger larvae still relies on live prey. This study was conducted to illustrate the development of the main digestive enzymes and digestive system during larval development of this species to provide evidence for the application of artificial feeds. Enzymatic and histological assays were conducted from 1 day post hatching (dph) to 36 dph in larvae. The result showed that the selected digestive enzyme activities increased significantly after 15 dph. Specifically, the total trypsin activities increased significantly from 18 dph to 33 dph. The total pepsin and amylase activities increased significantly first and thereafter decreased significantly. The lipase activities followed the similar pattern with trypsin. With regard to the histological study, the stinger larvae open their mouth to first feeding at 3 dph and turned into totally exogenous nutritional stage at 6 dph. In addition, mucous membrane, rich in goblet cells, was widely distributed in oesophagus epithelium at 18 dph. The height and amounts of gastric gland in cardia and main body of the stomach increased gradually with the development of stinger larvae after 15 dph. The intestine length of stinger larvae was short, and goblet cell was abundant in anterior intestine after 12 dph, not the posterior intestine. The ontogeny of liver and pancreas started from newly hatched stage, and the differentiation of liver was prior to pancreas. The above findings would provide evidence for the use of artificial feeds from the larval stage of stinger larvae (at least from 21 dph). 相似文献
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Xiaoqing Ding Lei Yao Yong Hou Yanbin Hou Genliang Wang Jinghui Fan Lichun Qian 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(2):557-568
The major objective of this study conducted for 8 weeks was to investigate the influence of different carbohydrate levels in the feed on the digestion and tissue structure of snakeheads (Channa argus) with prolonged feeding time. The control (CT) group was fed chilled fish, and the experimental groups were fed flour as a carbohydrate source to prepare puffed feed containing 13%, 16% and 19% flour (WS13, WS16 and WS19 respectively). The results demonstrated that carbohydrate levels in the feed had significant effects on amylase activity in the intestinal segment and Na+, K+‐ATPase activity in the stomach (p < .05). In all the experimental groups, the pepsin activity in the gastrointestinal tract showed a decreasing trend over time in different feeding cycles. The alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities in all groups showed a downward trend, and with increased feeding time, AKP in all experimental groups had an increasing trend. The liver index, liver crude fat content and serum triglyceride of snakeheads increased significantly with the increase in carbohydrate content in feed at 4 weeks (p < .05). There were no differences in the stomach structure among the groups as determined using light microscopy. The intestinal villi were injured, and the liver cells became larger and showed damage in a time and carbohydrate level‐dependent manner. In conclusion, when the carbohydrate content is too high, it not only affects the morphological function of the snakeheads' digestive tract, but also affects the normal structure of liver cells and the metabolic function of the liver. 相似文献
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采用常规方法测定了大鳍鳠(Mystusmacropterus)的消化道指数,其比肠长、比胃重、比肠重、比肝胰脏重和比内脏重分别为0.531±0.006、0.014±0.006、0.017±0.003、0.0084±0.0029和0.070±0.011。体重与体长的回归方程Y=0.1238X2.8388(r=0.9949,P<0.01);大鳍鳠的胃、前肠、中肠和后肠中消化液的pH值分别为:3.0～3.8、6.6～7.4、7.2～8.2、7.2～7.9,且消化道各部分具有较高的蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性,蛋白酶的活性为中肠>前肠>肝胰脏>后肠>胃;而淀粉酶的活性则为前肠>后肠>中肠>肝胰脏>胃;全鱼和肌肉中粗蛋白的含量分别为62.09±3.8%和68.28±4.6,粗脂肪含量分别为15.33±1.7和21.87±2.9;肌肉中必需氨基酸的含量占氨基酸总量的40.76%,鲜味氨基酸的含量为总氨基酸量的29.70%。综合肌肉的常规营养成分和氨基酸分析的结果,表明大鳍鳠是一种营养价值较高的优质鱼类。 相似文献
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Mohamed Ayaz Hasan Chisty Roshada Hashim & Alexander Shu -Chien Chong 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(5):519-525
Biochemical assays and substrate SDS-PAGE were conducted to partially characterize and identify various types of proteases present in the digestive tract of PL15 giant freshwater prawn ( Macrobrachium rosenbergii ). Casein hydrolytic assay of the enzyme extracts showed major proteolytic activities at pH 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0, while assay of preincubated enzyme extracts with phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride (PMSF), a serine protease inhibitor produced a 33.17% reduction in alkaline protease activity. When specific inhibitors tosyl-lysine chloromethyl ketone and tosyl-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone were used, they resulted in a reduction in activity of proteases in the enzyme extracts by 82.41% and 55.03%, respectively, confirming the presence of trypsin and chymotrypsin, while ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid produced protease activity reduction in 33.92% showing the presence of metalloproteases in the digestive tract of the prawn. Further characterization of the alkaline proteases using SDS-PAGE technique, after incubating the extract in the presence or absence of specific inhibitors, produced six bands corresponding to molecular masses of between 13.48 and 136.1 kDa; two trypsin bands of 13.48 and 36.4 kDa, three chymotrypsin bands in the range of 23.0–73.4 kDa and one for metalloprotease of 136.1 kDa, all of which were identified from a zymogram. This study suggests that protein digestion in M. rosenbergii is initiated by an acid protease followed by a combination of action of alkaline proteases: trypsin, chymotrypsin and metalloproteases. 相似文献
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Ontogenic development of enzymatic activity and digestive system in Jullien's golden carp (Probarbus jullieni Sauvage, 1880) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Ubonrat Limtipsuntorn Wikrom Rungsin Karun Thongprajukaew Wiwihthanon Boonyung Wannapa Rangsin 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(10):3362-3373
Ontogenic development of the main enzymes and histological structure of digestive organs were studied in Jullien's golden carp (Probarbus jullieni) from hatching until 50 days after hatching (DAH). The larval fish were produced by artificial insemination and fed only Moina sp. till end of experiment. Body weight (mg) and total length (cm) of Jullien's golden carp increased exponentially and linearly. The results indicate the fish weight grew fast with increasing rate, while length increased at a constant rate over the studied period. Up‐regulation of acid protease was observed in newly hatched larvae and the specific activity gradually decreased with time. Trypsin specific activity was relatively stable within the first 35 DAH, while fluctuations in chymotrypsin were observed. Among these three proteolytic enzymes, acid proteases exihibited relatively high specific activity in newly hatched larvae, suggesting a role in yolk protein degradation. Alkaline proteases became more prominent with age and correlated with an abrupt decrease in acid proteases. Increased lipase‐specific activity appeared within 3 DAH and then gradually decreased with time, indicating the capacity to digest yolk lipid reserve. Amylase and cellulase‐specific activities changed in a similar manner, and the sensitivity to time was higher in amylase than in cellulase. The digestive organs and accessory organs developed around 3–5 DAH. However, intestinal histology was almost fully developed around 18 DAH. These findings should be useful for deciding the preferred timing for weaning, as well as on developing artificial diets referenced to the physiological changes of digestive enzymes. 相似文献