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1.
将患有蹄病的牛按病情严重程度分三级,在每级中各选出12头,并将36头随机分成4组,每组共9头。第1组为对照组,第2组每头牛日粮中加35%石粉18g,第3组每头牛日粮中加硫酸锌1.2g,第4组每头牛日粮中同时加35%石粉18g和硫酸锌1.2g。同样护理,每星期对试验牛群进行修蹄及常规治疗。经过1个月的治疗第1组治愈1头,有效3头,无效5头;第2组治愈2头,有效6头,无效1头;第3组治愈3头,有效4头,无效2头;第4组治愈7头,有效2头,无效0头。卡方检测除第2、3两组差异不显著外,其他各组之间差异显著。说明在日粮中适量提高钙和锌对奶牛蹄病有良好的预防和治疗作用。  相似文献   

2.
选择8头中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分为两组，每组4头，试验组牛每日每头在日粮中添加40ml畜禽营养液，对照且牛不添加，只喂基础日粮。结果表明：试验组比对照组产奶量提高了1．20kg，每天每头增收2．4元。  相似文献   

3.
选择20头中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分为两组，每组10头。试验组牛每头每日在日粮中添加50g碳酸氢钠，对照组牛不添加，只喂基础日粮。结果表明：试验组奶牛比对照组奶牛的产奶量提高1．69kg，差异显著（P〈0．05）。说明碳酸氢钠能提高饲料转化率，增加产奶量。  相似文献   

4.
随机选择80头生产性能、泌乳天数和胎次相近的健康荷斯坦奶牛80头随机分成2组(对照组和试验组)。所有参试牛采用相同的的饲养管理模式,饲喂相同的基础日粮,但试验组每头奶牛额外添加稀释干活性酵母100 g,对照组每头奶牛额外添加100 g碳酸钙。结果证实,添加干活性酵母有着提高产奶量的趋势,但统计差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验组平均较试验前产奶量提高了4.58 kg,而对照组仅提高了3.08 kg。在采食量方面,试验第二周时采食量与对照组统计差异显著(P<0.05)。从参试牛粪便  相似文献   

5.
沙特阿拉伯利雅得营养和技术服务部门的Arabia研究在热应激情况下奶牛日粮中添加铬螯合物对奶牛的泌乳性能和血相参数的影响。试验采用160头经产的荷斯坦奶牛（产后120～130d）分为2组，饲喂2种日粮。试验Ⅰ组为对照组，饲喂全混日粮，不加铬螯合物：试验Ⅱ组为试验组，饲喂基础日粮，而且每头牛每天添加4g铬螯合物。  相似文献   

6.
试验选用2～4胎次泌乳中期荷斯坦牛18头,随机分为3组,每组6头,试验1组和试验2组分别给每头奶牛添加5%和15%的味精菌体蛋白,对照组不添加味精菌体蛋白,以评定味精菌体蛋白对奶牛生产性能的影响。结果表明,夏季奶牛日粮中添加味精菌体蛋白替代日粮中部分蛋白质饲料,可促进奶牛粗饲料采食量的增加,减缓热应激造成的产奶量下降幅度,但对牛奶品质的影响不大。  相似文献   

7.
美国的Savoy等为了检测控制菜油的供应对高产奶牛泌乳初期产奶量和乳脂中共轭亚油酸含量的影响,选用12头泌乳初期的荷斯坦奶牛进行了研究。试验分为4组,每组3头奶牛,采用一个三重的4×4拉丁方设计。在每个时期,每组奶牛都饲喂相同的基础日粮,并分别添加如下饲料:①对照组(不添加菜油);②添加500g棉籽油;③添加500g大豆油;④添加500g玉米油。每个处理时期持续3周,前2周为日粮的适应期。试验表明,菜油的补充使产奶量增加,其中以第2组最高(每头牛为35.0kg/d),对照组为每头牛34.4kg/d,而第2组的乳脂却降低,但对乳蛋白产量、乳蛋白率、乳脂产量…  相似文献   

8.
<正>1材料与方法1.1制剂硫酸锌溶液:为10%ZnSO_4·7H_2O水溶液;硫酸锌-薄荷制剂:为含10%薄荷重蒸馏液的10%ZnSO_4·7H_2O水溶液。薄荷重蒸馏液每毫升相当于原生药1 g。1.2试验牛只及分组本试验于贵州省某奶牛场进行。选择患腐蹄病奶牛21头,按病情严重程度随机分为常规治疗组、硫酸锌溶液喷蹄组(以下简称硫酸锌组)和硫酸锌-薄荷制剂喷蹄组(以下简称硫酸锌-薄荷组),每组7头。  相似文献   

9.
瘤胃素是一种生物性的化合物,能促进肉牛增重的饲料添加剂。目前使用的制剂为瘤胃素钠,每千克饲料添加5.5~33mg。每头牛日喂50~360mg。碳酸氢钠又称小苏打,是奶牛常用的缓冲化合物添加剂。奶牛泌乳期,每头奶牛日粮中添加10g碳酸氢钠,试验组比对照组牛每头多产奶2~3kg,奶的质量亦提高。醋酸钠将制剂醋酸钠(按1L奶加30~35g)与精饲料或干草粉混合后饲喂奶牛,每头日产奶可提高0.7~1.2kg,含脂率提高0.16%~0.21%。多犊锭这种添加剂对奶牛、肉牛犊牛有明显的促进生长作用,并能提高奶牛发情受胎率及种公牛的精液品质和奶牛产奶量。其使用量为每吨配…  相似文献   

10.
美国达科他南部大学的Brookings利用38头荷斯坦奶牛（26头经产和12头初产，产后105d）研究在炎热夏季饲喂酵母培养物对其生产效率的影响，每头牛每天添加量为60g。试验分为对照组和试验组，试验期从7月初到9月初，然后再进行2周的观察。对照组日粮不含酵母培养物，试验组日粮每头牛每天添加60g酵母培养物，试验时间为12周。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

18.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

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