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家禽脂肪酸代谢及其在禽蛋中的沉积和营养调控 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在肝脏中载脂蛋白作用下,内源合成或外源获取的脂肪酸以甘油三酯的形式同胆固醇及其他脂类组装形成极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)。VLDL经血液循环到达卵巢,穿过卵母细胞外层屏障后,经卵母细胞受体介导的内吞作用进入卵母细胞发生沉积。而机体的营养状况或饲粮中营养成分的改变可通过影响脂肪酸的从头合成或VLDL结构直接或间接影响禽蛋中脂肪酸的最终沉积。本文阐述了家禽体内脂肪酸的来源、转运与沉积过程,并探讨了脂肪酸代谢及其在禽蛋中沉积的营养调控。 相似文献
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多不饱和脂肪酸的营养功能及其在家禽生产中的应用 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
多不饱和脂肪酸是一类具有重要生物学功能的物质，主要包括n-3和n-6系列多不饱和脂肪酸，它们对脂类的代谢，机体的免疫，血液生化特性的影响，机体的生长发育及细胞膜功能的发挥和基因表达调控等许多方面起着重要的作用，本文主要介绍了多不饱和脂肪酸的营养功能及其作用的机理，并就其在家禽生产中的应用作一综述。 相似文献
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肠道微生物对家禽肠道免疫功能的调节作用及其机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
家禽肠道中定植了大量微生物,这些微生物及其代谢产物积极参与家禽的消化与免疫应答过程,对家禽健康发挥重要的调控作用。随着抗生素在全球范围内的限制或禁用,家禽肠道问题日益突出,给养殖者带来巨大经济损失。然而,对家禽肠道微生物菌群的研究还停留在相对初级的阶段。本文首先综述了家禽肠道微生物的组成以及家禽肠道健康营养调控措施的研究现状,并进一步深入探讨了肠道微生物基因组及其代谢产物对动物肠道免疫功能的调节作用,以及肠黏膜免疫系统对肠道微生物调控的潜在机制,旨在为进一步研究改善家禽肠道健康的营养措施提供参考。 相似文献
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Bauer JE JE 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》1996,25(2):49-56
This review summarizes a number of recent reports in several areas of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Absorption of dietary lipids, cholesterol synthesis, and biliary cholesterol metabolism are mentioned only briefly to be complete. Comparative aspects of lipoprotein metabolism, however, are detailed in an effort to integrate the myriad metabolic events which characterize these important lipid transport particles. Where comparative information is known, those aspects of lipoprotein metabolism that may be protective against atherogenesis in certain mammalian species are also described. Efforts to understand atherogenic resistance comparatively in animals lends a better understanding of the metabolic events leading to coronary artery disease in humans. They also provide an important basis for understanding lipid metabolism in numerous veterinary species. 相似文献
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Generally, lipid droplets are storage of triglycerides in adipocytes, but recent researches indicate that the transport, storage and steatolysis mobilization of fat in the cells are all based on lipid droplets, various phenomena reveal that lipid droplets is not only a simple energy storage in cells, but also more of a multifunctional organelle. By analyzing the structure of lipid droplets, it has been found that with neutral fat as the core, lipid droplets are covered with single phospholipid and embedded with a variety of functional proteins, which are referred as lipid droplets associated proteins. Lipid droplets associated protein correlated with lipid droplets are involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, membrane transport, signal transduction and other physiological processes in different forms. It can be divided into three categories according to the different bearing capacity of proteins, including lipid droplet structural protein, lipid droplet associated protein and lipid transport protein. Among them, structural proteins, such as proteins in the PAT family and CIDE family proteins, play important roles in the regulation of lipid droplet growth and metabolism.In addition, hormone-sensitive lipase, adipose triglyceride lipase and Rab protein, as well as other metabolism and transport proteins are suggested to be involved in lipid droplets development through different forms. At present, new types and mechanisms of lipid droplets related proteins are still being explored. This review is to address the research progress of lipid droplets, lipid metabolism and lipid droplets related proteins in cells. 相似文献
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一般认为脂滴是脂肪细胞中甘油三酯的贮存器,但近来研究发现细胞中脂肪的运输贮存与动员分解都是以脂滴为核心完成的,种种现象揭示了脂滴在细胞内并不仅仅是一个简单的能量贮存器,而更多地扮演着一个多功能细胞器的角色。通过对脂滴结构进行分析发现,脂滴以中性脂肪为核心,表面覆盖单层磷脂结构并镶嵌多种功能蛋白,即脂滴相关蛋白。脂滴相关蛋白以不同形式协同脂滴参与调控脂代谢、膜转运及信号转导等多个生理过程。根据蛋白承载功能的不同,可大致将其分为三大类：脂滴结构蛋白、脂滴代谢相关蛋白与脂滴转运蛋白。其中,结构蛋白如PAT家族蛋白、CIDE家族蛋白等在脂滴发育代谢的调控与信息传递介导中发挥着重要作用,此外,还有激素敏感脂肪酶、脂肪甘油三酯水解酶与Rab蛋白等代谢与转运蛋白通过不同形式参与脂滴发育。目前,脂滴相关蛋白新种类与具体作用机制仍在不断探索中。作者就细胞中脂滴与脂代谢及脂滴相关蛋白的研究进展做一综述。 相似文献
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Serum lipid and lipoprotein parameters of Turkman horses 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Asadi F Mohri M Adibmoradi M Pourkabir M 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2006,35(3):332-334
BACKGROUND: Lipid transport systems in animals have been evaluated both as experimental models for lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in humans and to gain insight into the lipid metabolism of specific breeds. The Turkman horse is a pure-blooded horse that lives on the margins of the Caspian Basin; information about serum lipids and lipoproteins in this breed is lacking. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in clinically healthy Turkman horses. METHODS: Concentrations of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and lipoprotein electrophoretic patterns were determined in serum samples from 48 Turkman horses of both sexes and 0-12 years of age. Results were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA. RESULTS: In both sexes and all age groups, the relative percentages of LDL-C (44.2-64.3%) were higher than those of HDL-C (29.7-47.1%) and VLDL-C (5.9-9.0%). Serum concentrations of TG and TC were significantly higher in male (0.45 +/- 0.12 mmol/L; 2.70 +/- 0.45 mmol/L) than in female (0.34 +/- 0.1 mmol/L; 2.15 +/- 0.3 mmol/L) horses in most age groups. The relative percentages of alpha- and beta-lipoproteins in electrophoretic tracings were 62.77 +/- 5.05% and 36.67 +/- 4.29%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Serum lipid and lipoprotein values in Turkman horses differ from those of other equine breeds, and may be useful for evaluating metabolic diseases in this species. 相似文献
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低密度脂蛋白受体家族是一类结构与低密度脂蛋白受体相似,细胞表面存在可识别和结合多种含载脂蛋白的脂蛋白颗粒配体的细胞膜表面受体群。它们在动物体内脂蛋白的代谢中发挥重要作用。随着分子生物学对LDL受体和VLDL受体基因表达水平与调控水平研究的不断深入,有助于进一步了解高胆固醇血症及动脉粥样硬化等疾病的发病机制,对于指导动物生产(蛋鸡生产、鹅肥肝生产)也具有十分重要的意义。 相似文献
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Katoh N Nakagawa H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1999,61(2):119-124
In addition to the lipoprotein-deficient d > 1.25 fraction, haptoglobin was detected in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and the very high-density lipoprotein (VHDL) fractions from sera of calves with experimental pneumonia and cows with naturally occurring fatty liver. It was not found in the chylomicrons, very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein fractions. Washing of the HDL fraction did not decrease the haptoglobin concentration. Transferrin and immunoglobulin G were immunoblotted to examine the possibility of contamination of the lipoprotein fractions by the d > 1.25 fraction. The two serum proteins were detected only in the d > 1.25 fraction, not in any lipoprotein fractions. The distribution pattern of haptoglobin in the lipoprotein fractions was distinct from that of serum albumin. Concentrations of haptoglobin in the HDL fractions from pneumonic sera were largely proportional to those in whole sera. Cholesteryl ester concentrations were decreased in sera from calves with pneumonia, as in cows with fatty liver. A protein immunologically related to hemoglobin was also detected in particular in the VHDL fractions from sera of both groups. These results suggest that haptoglobin or a complex with the hemoglobin-like protein may have a role or roles related to the lipid metabolism. 相似文献
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维生素A是影响动物组织脂类代谢的关键因子。本文综述了维生素A对动物脂类代谢的影响,并从脂类代谢相关基因的表达及其信号通路、脂肪细胞的数量、脂肪细胞因子分泌和参与表观遗传学修饰的角度综述了其可能的影响机制,为深入探讨维生素A对动物脂类代谢的影响机制及通过维生素A调控动物的脂肪代谢提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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Obese donkeys are susceptible to a hyperlipaemic crisis characterised by high plasma triglyceride concentrations. In this study, the relationships between the body condition of 24 donkeys and their basal lipid metabolism were investigated. Plasma cholesterol, triglyceride and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were measured in healthy donkeys classified according to their body condition as thin, ideal or obese. There were significant differences between the groups in the concentrations of triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), which increased in concentration with body condition (P less than 0.05). Cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations were similar in all the groups. Triglyceride and VLDL concentrations were positively correlated with body weight (r = 0.82) and plasma free fatty acid concentration (r = 0.48). There were no significant differences in basal plasma concentrations of insulin or cortisol. These results suggest that obesity in donkeys is associated with changes in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism that might predispose the animals to hyperlipaemia. 相似文献
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Rabbits develop a toxic reaction similar to endotoxemia following inoculation with a Sarcocystis cruzi cyst extract. To analyze the pathophysiology of the reaction, serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), nitric oxide (NO) and lipid-lipoprotein profiles were investigated in rabbits given the cyst extract and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by subcutaneous inoculation. In animals given the cyst extract, overproduction of TNFalpha was detected, together with an increase in NO. The animals developed derangement of lipid metabolism, which was considered to have resulted from TNFalpha induction, consisting of elevated triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein levels and decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Serum interleukin-6-like activity also increased transiently in the animals. Capability of the cyst extract to induce TNFalpha, NO and the lipid profile derangement were completely lost by boiling. In animals given LPS, TNFalpha was induced and HDL decreased moderately, without inactivation of those activities of LPS by boiling. These results indicated that S. cruzi cyst extract is a potent, but thermolabile inducer of TNFalpha and NO for rabbits. It is likely that TNFalpha and NO play important roles as mediators in the reaction associated with toxicity of the cyst extract in rabbits. 相似文献
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去势术对雄性中华田园犬脂代谢的影响 《畜牧与饲料科学》2021,42(6):112-114
[目的] 研究去势术对雄性中华田园犬脂代谢的影响。[方法] 将12只年龄、体重相近的中华田园犬分为非手术组和去势组,对去势组中华田园犬进行去势手术,观察并测定术前第1天、术后第14天、术后第21天血清中甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）含量,以非手术组作为对照,分析去势术对雄性犬脂代谢的影响。[结果] 去势组与非手术组相比,血清中TG含量在第14天到第21天显著上升;血清中TC含量相比非手术组呈下降趋势;HDL第14天和第21天都低于非手术组;LDL都高于非手术组,整体呈上升趋势。[结论] 去势手术会影响雄性中华田园犬机体脂类代谢,会导致去势犬甘油三酯升高,总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白下降,低密度脂蛋白上升。 相似文献